初中从句专题(宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句).doc

1、 句子结构1.主语+谓语 1.I understand. 2. 主语+谓语+宾语 3.I am watching TV.3.主语+系动词+表语 4.It is beautiful. 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 5.He shows us the picture. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 6.He shows the picture to us. 7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 7.There is a piece of paper flying in the sky 【练习】1）She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. 2）He asked her to take the boy out of school. 3）She found it difficult to do the work.4）Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 5）He began to learn English when he was eleven.6）She loves the library because she loves books7）The man downstairs was trying to sleep.8）What is your given name?二、从句汇总宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。 主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。 注意点：1语序：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即（主语谓语）”句式。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.3时态1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。状语从句：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句根据用途状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late.3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。He didnt come to school because he was ill.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。As he has no car, he cant get there easily.4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。【注】在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。例如： He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.5.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Although I am tired, I must go on working.6. 地点状语从句：地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如： Go where you like.总结：状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别连词 时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦）地点状语从句where, wherever 原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）etc. （et cetera，等于and so on）目的状语从句in order that(为了，以便), so that, that, etc. 结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as（只要）, etc. 让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句asas, soas, than, etc. 方式状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 定语从句(重点）关系代词：who/whom/that/which关系副词：where/when/why=介词+关系代词例：He is the man who wants to see you.Beijing is the place where I was born.=BJ is the place in which I was born.【专项练习】一）、宾语从句( )1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( )2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( )3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation（听写）today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are( )4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( )5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled二）、状语从句1. 不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。 Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？ Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has kept practicing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school.9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 _ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.三）、定语从句练习( )1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which ( )2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. who spoke to C. I spoke to D. that I spoke ( )3.This is the hotel _they stayed at last month. A. which B. what C. where D. at what ( )4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which ( )5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when ( )6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which ( )7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there ( )8.This is one of the best films _this year. A. that have been shown B. tha