新概念第二册77课 - 副本 (2).doc

2015.9.5Lesson 77 A Successful Operation一、 课文原句：1、 died of + n. 因*而死2、 which lasted for over four hours 持续了四个小时3、 fall to pieces 成为碎片二、 单词讲解：mummy n. 木乃伊；妈妈eg:一具古埃及木乃伊正在博物馆展览。An ancient Egyptian mummy is on exhibition in the museum.Egyptian adj. 埃及的Egypt n.埃及temple n. 庙mark n.斑点；分数；v. 标记Eg:她的手在我的电视的屏幕上留下了印子。Her finger left marks on the screen of my television. 相关表达： n.标志，标记 signplate n. （照相）底片；盘子disease n. 疾病Eg:非典是一种传染性疾病。 SARS is a contagious disease. a rare disease怪病。 词义辨析： illness，disease两个词在口语中用法相同，也有一些区别：illness(a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill)指病的状态，时间的长短，或指身体不好。eg:She died after a long illness. 她在久病之后去世了。eg:He suffers from a serious illness.他病得很厉害。 Disease(an illness which affects a person, animal, or plant)一般指有医学名称，与身体的部分有关的疾病，如果是传染性疾病的话会被携带或传染。a kidney/sexually-transmitted disease/infectious disease肾病，性传播疾病，传染性的疾病 一般下列疾病只用illnessmental illness 精神疾病terminal illness晚期疾病last vi. 持续(表时间n或短语，无被动语态)Eg:轰炸持续了两个小时。The bombing last two hoursEg:我知道他们的热情不会持续很久的。I know their enthusiasm will not last very long.短语：last + (for) + 时间Eg:The meeting lasts (for) three hours. prove v. 显示出1)prove + adj. vi.显示，表明Eg:It proves difficult to do the job by herself2)prove + to be + adj.Eg:It proves to be difficult.3)vt.证明(加任何东西)Eg:I will prove it to you我将会证明给你看resin n. 树脂eg:The transparent shoulder straps are made of resin. 透明的肩带是树脂做的。skin n. 皮肤；Eg:她的皮肤像婴儿的皮肤一样柔软。Her skin is as soft as babies. 实际应用：皮肤黑 dark skin 香蕉/土豆皮 a banana / potato skinsection n. 切片,部分Eg:考试由四部分组成。The test consists of four sections. Eg:医生在显微镜下仔细检查从尸体上切下来的切片。 The doctor examined the section cut from the dead body under the microscope. figure n.（女人的）体形；人像；人影Eg:你最好多运动一下来保持体形。Youd better exercise more to keep your figure.Eg:当她看到卧室的房间里有个黑影时尖叫了起来。She screamed when she saw a dark figure in her bedroom. 实际应用： 半身像a half-length figure normally adv. 通常地,正常地Eg:通常他的坏心情会持续一到俩天。 Normally his bad mood last one or two days. survive v.幸免于，存活；活得比长我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。Eg:I wonder how they can survive on such poor income. Eg:他比他所有孩子活的都长。He survived all his children. 相关表达： survival n. 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 victim n.死难者，受害者三、课文讲解1、The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation.1 )A.D. 应该写在年数之前, B.C. 应该写在年数之后如: from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400 由公元前三百年到公元四百年 B.C.为Before Chris（t 公元前）的缩写，A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the year of the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”。A.D.用来与B.C.形成对比，出现在正式的史书中，平时一般不用。 2). operationgive an operation on sb 给某人做手术，注意介词用onhave an operation (on sb) 动手术operation on sb. for sth.operation to do sth.be in operationcome into operation生效，起作用bring into operation 实施;使生效eg:When does the plan come into operation?这项计划什么时候实施？eg:Is this rule in operation yet?这条规定生效了吗？2、The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes1）The mummy is that of Shepenmutthat 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重复。在指代特指的事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that 和those 指代前面提到的事物：eg:The cost of living here is lower than that in London.这里的生活费用比伦敦的要低。 2)that of 和those of 一般用于较正式的文体中：eg:The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain.美国的面积比英国的大。eg:Toms pen is better than that of the other boys.汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。 3、As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease.1）plate （照相）底片.plates taken of the mummy, taken是过去分词作定语修饰plates，短语：take the plates of 给.拍片子take plate 拍片子take photo 拍照片hand/give sb sth on a plate把某事物奉送某人/让某人轻易获得某事物2）.die of,死于.，因.而死（后面跟名词）。The Man died of a bad cold/died of hunger.那个人死于重感冒是饿死的。Die of + 内因，死于. Eg: die of grief 死于悲哀Die from + 外因 死于.Eg:die from wound 死于枪杀 3)way + of / to do 做.的方式(做定语)4)made of 可看出原材料 Made from 看不出原材料5)wax n.蜡(不可数) candle n.蜡烛(可数)4、The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin.1）last 表示“持续”、“延续”时为不及物动词，后面通常跟一个表示时间的名词短语，for 可有可无：eg:The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453.这两个国家之间的战争持续了3 年多一直持续到1453 年。2）prove 表示“证明”、“证实”，后面可以跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等：eg:Weve been trying to sell our house, but its proved to be very difficult.我们一直试图把房子卖掉，不过事实证明这很困难。prove sth to sb.向某人证明某事物属实3）which 引导的分句为非限定性关系从句，因为它前后都有逗号。非限定性关系从句提供补充信息，往往可以略去。逗号的取舍有时对句子的意思有很大影响：eg:The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.承诺减税的政府将赢得人心。（限定性）eg:The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.这个政府承诺减税，它将会赢得人心。（非限定性）4）在非限定性关系从句中，指人的关系代词只能用who/whom, 不能用that（限定性从句则可以）；指物的关系代词只能用which,不能用that;带介词的非限定性关系从句中也不能用that:eg:The astronauts, who are said to be very excited, are ex pected to land on themoon shortly.那些宇航员们可望不久登上月球，据说他们很激动。eg:This garage, which my father built in his lifetime has lasted for a long time.我父亲生前建的这个车库已经有很长时间了。（which 不可省略）在非限定性关系从句中，which 有时可用来代替前面提到的整个分句：eg:She married Joe, which(=and this/that) surprised everyone.她嫁给了乔，这使大家都感到意外。 5）(1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）(2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，eg：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。eg:My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。eg:This novel, which