M8Unit3languagepoints--studnets.doc

江苏省如皋中学高二英语第八模块第三单元教案Unit 3 The world of colours and light(students)Welcome to the unit & Reading1. I was amazed to learn that amaze: to make someone very surprised 使大为惊奇; 戴夫突然结婚令朋友非常吃惊。_他们的忠诚一直令我们吃惊。_拓展amazed adj. + that-clause / at/ to do sth.I am amazed that youve never heard of Harry Potter.We were amazed at his rapid recovery.We are amazed to discover how little the town has changed.注意 amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 amazement n. 辨析 amaze ; astonish; surpriseAmaze强调对意外的事情感到迷惑；或表示惊叹，常常有褒义之意。Astonish指对不寻常的事情难以置信。Surprise多表示为出乎意料的、突然的事情而感到惊讶。2and that he wasnt just a painter. not just “不仅仅 不只是”A lot of boys not just Tom like reading science fiction._I dont think shes just imagining things._3. After visiting Spain, we flew to after prep & conj.I will go to see her on Friday after getting the new dress.Only after the teacher explained the rule several times did I understand it.警示after 后面不可以直接接过去分词，该用动名词的形式。After being invited for several times, he finally went to her birthday party.Only after being told that the bus had gong some times did he went away.拓展能这样用的词还有: since 和before。4. In the Louvre Museum is the famous Mona Lisa painting by 表示地点的介词短语在句首时要用全部倒装的结构。即：地点介词短语+ 谓语动词+ 主语_地上躺着一个不满16岁的农家孩子。_两栋楼之间有一棵唐朝时代的大树。Under the desk was a pair of new sneakers with a new soccer next to it._5Share vt & vi. 共享、分摊、与有共同的看法（经历、感受）（share sth. with sb.）We dont have enough books for everyone, so youll have to share.最后一班车开了，所以我们合乘了一辆出租车。_上大学时我和她住一个宿舍。At his death his property was shared out among his children._His daughter did not share (in) his happiness._We all share some blame for the mess-up. _注意在表示“分享”（幸福、痛苦、快乐）时，可用share in。6Range （1）vi. (to vary between) 变化、变动、包括；Estimates of the damage range between $ 1 million and $ 5 million._Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotel._She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef to swimming coach._ （2）vt. to arrange in a particular position or order 安排Delegates ranged themselves around the table and the meeting began.旁观者排列在整个游行路线的两侧。_拓展range over 涉及、包括His lecture ranged over a lot of topics.7. I think it would feel very peaceful to live here. Feel的意思是“给人以感觉” link-verb.The water feels a little warm._His hand feels cold._It feels good to have a walk along the beach._8.on the/ ones way (to) 在去的路上They called to say that they were on the way but might be late.他们电话说他们在来的路上，但可能迟到。拓展 on the way to doing sth. 快要、即将 in the/ones way 妨碍、挡道 by the way 顺便说一下 by way of 经过（某地）9and his most famous still lifes are of sunflowers.此句中的of sunflowers 是still lifes of sunflowers（向日葵静物画）的省略形式。这是名词所有格的省略形式，为了避免重复。In the exhibition, the best-taken photographs are (photographs) of Guilin.My favourite movies are (movies) of Feng xiaogang.The best table-tennis players in the world are (players) of China.10. distribute sth to sb. 把散发给_请把书本发给同学们。_他把糖果发给了在场的所有孩子。_抗议者在街上散发传单。11negotiate （1）vt. 商定、达成（协议）To negotiate a deal / contract / settlement _We successfully negotiated the release of the hostages. _ （2）vi. 谈判、磋商、商定（ with sb. for/ about sth）The government will never negotiate with terrorists.We have been negotiating with the authority for more pay._拓展 negotiable adj. 可商定的、可讨论的 negotiation n. 谈判12Be off to 离开去做（后面加地点名词、或其它事物的名词）We will be off to London on Tuesday.Im off to the dinning room.Helen was just off to lunch.II: Translate the following useful expressions and learn them by heart:1 一幅艺术作品 _2 静物画 _-3 有天赋的艺术家 _4 惊讶地做某事 _5 不同的绘画风格 _6 用几何形状表现出来 _7 卢浮宫 _-8 与分享 _9 在领域 _10从13到19世纪的绘画作品 _11飞越一场雷暴 _12云层中一道美丽的彩虹 _13自画像 _14将一生献给 _15散发 _Word power + grammarUseful expressions1. 与相混合 be mixed withIn my job, I_all sorts of people. 我在工作中常和各种人打交道。 Youre always _ my twin sister! 你老是把我和我的挛生妹妹弄混了! Dont_him - hes a crook! 别跟他厮混-他是个无赖!2. 得到需要的颜色（过去分词做后置定语） get the colour required _can be found on the Internet.所需的信息可以在网上查到。 _are all to be bought.所列的这些东西全都是要买的。3. 增加，积累；（逐步）建立（事业等） build up John built up a bank account by saving regularly. John_ Fred exercised to build up his muscles. _ The movie company has done so much to build up its honour and prosperity. 这家电影公司为宣扬它的荣誉和繁荣做了如此多的工作。4. 担负不起（做某事）cant afford （to do）afford sth to sb：向某人提供某物 Id love to go on holiday but I cant afford the time. _ They walked because they couldnt afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣.。 These trees afford a pleasant shade. 这些树提供了荫凉。5. 另外，除此（）之外 in addition （to）In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。 In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. 除此（名单上的名字）之外, 还有六个申请人. In addition, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 另外，我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。 6. 至多 at most7. （以防）万一；如果in caseIt may rain youd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). 可能下雨-你最好带把伞, 以防万一（下起来）。in any case无论如何，总之in case of如果发生：Call this number in case of emergency. 万一发生意外就打这个号码。in no case 决不In no case will I let out your secret. 我决不会泄漏你的秘密。 In no case have I noticed that he left early. 我根本没有注意到他早退了。 8. start out 开始(出发,着手进行)Do she start out at nine or eight this morning? 她是今天早上9点还是8点出发的？ Did they tell you when to start out? 他们告没告诉你什么时候出发？ It was going to rain and we started out to speed up. 天要下雨了，我们开始加速。9. 立刻，马上at no time10. 扭伤脚踝twist ones ankle11. 预订（客车座位、旅馆房间）make a reservation12. 被预定满了be booked full13. 到目前为止；就此范围(程度)来说so farGrammar and usage倒装是一种语法手段，是句子语法结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。必须掌握构成倒装的条件，熟练使用完全倒装和部分倒装的句型：.1 倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的有：1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 Then came the chairman. 那时主席来了。 Here is a letter for you. 这里有你的信。2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如： Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下射出一枚导弹。 Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. 两栋楼之间有一棵大树。注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。2 倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1） 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。 Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： I have never seen such a performance. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1）Why cant I smoke here? At no time_ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know 答案D. 看到Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。 改写为正常语序为Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 3 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner than等，要倒装。例如：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not onlybut （also）, no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when等等。注意：只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装 用这些词表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。例如：Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I careB. nor do I careC. I dont care neitherD. I dont care also答案：B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 -Its raining hard.-So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。5 only修饰状语放在句首要倒装。例如： Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 如果only修饰主语则不要倒装。如：Only Tom can work it out.6 as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。但需注意：1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。注意：让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。7 其他部分倒装 1） so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。典型例题：1）Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat isA. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know答案为D.否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realize 答案为B。3） Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。 巩固练习1. Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion.A. can you B. you can C. would you D. you would2. _ that this region was so rich in natural resources.A. Little he knew B. Little did he knowC. Little he did know D. Little he had known3. Never again _ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.A. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought B. seriously Alfred E. Smith soughtC. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek D. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek4. Only in recent years _ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.A. people have B. since people have C. have people D. people who have5. _, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.A. What may come B. Come what may C. May what come D. What come6. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice _ his head.A. that he turned B. did he turn C. he didnt turn D. he had turned 7. _ received law degrees as today.A. Never so women have B. The women arent everC. Women who have never D. Never have so many women8. Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, _.A. so does a liquid B. so a liquid does C. as does a liquid D. so is a liquid9. On no account _ to anyone.A. my name must be mentioned B. must my name mention C. must my name be mentioned D. my name must mention10. _ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots areC. So clever are the construction robots D. Such clever construction robots are11. _ do we go for picnics.A. Certainly B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once12. _ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.A. Either B. Often C. Nor D. Usually13. Her answer is not acceptable, and _.A. neither am I B. either is mine C. neither is mine D. mine is neither14. _, I must do another experiment.A. Be it ever so late B. It is ever so lateC. It be ever so late D. So late it be ever15. So fast _ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A. light travel B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel16. A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, _ be easily suppressed.A. nor it can B. nor can it C. it cannot D. and cannot it17. _ notebook and report that I promised you last week.A. Here is the B. Here are the C. Is here the D. Are here the18. _ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.A. If he took B. If he has taken C. had he taken D Should he take19. Beneath our feet _ that our life depends on for food and clothing.A. the earth lay B. the earth lies C. lie the earth D. lies the earth20. _ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.A. At B. By C. Up to D. Not until 21. Hardly _ he got out of the court _ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him. A. had when B. hadthan C. didwhen D. hasthan22. Among these books _ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.A. have included B. is included C. has included D. are included23. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; _ is this more true than in Europe.A. nowhere B. hardly C. little D. seldom24. Important _ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.A. to B. for C. as D. although25. According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.A. there seem to be B. it seems C. it seems to be D. here seems26. Here _ you want to see.A. the manager comes B. comes the manager C. comes a manager D. is coming a manager27. Barry can hardly drive a car, _.A. so cant Molly B. cant Molly either C. Molly cant too D. neither can Molly28. _ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.A. Had not it been B. Had it not been C. There was D. Is there29. _ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there30. Not only _ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.A. the computer can memorize B. can the computer memorize C. do the computer memorize D. can memorize the computer31. Not once _ his view of life.A. did the gentleman mention B. the gentleman mentioned that C. the gentleman mentioned D. does gentleman mentioned32. By no means _ their own language well.A. a. it is true that all English people know B. b. is it true that do all English people knowC. c. it is true that do all English people knowD. d. is it true that all English people know33. The molecules of gases move more freely than _.A. do liquids and solids B. liquids and solids doC. do those of liquids and solids D. those do of liquids and solids34. The worlds birth rates are on a decli