高二语法之构词法.doc

现在分词过去分词不定式做状语详讲及分析一现在分词做状语（表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语例如： Hearing the news , they got excited. When they heard the news,they got the news现在分词 逻辑主语.从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系she got home, feeling very tird. 逻辑主语现在分词主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系Crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. When I was crossing the road, I saw a girl crying. 注： 当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行除了省略其连接词because, if , once, when ,从句中的主语，还要省略其be 动词When he was climbing the step, he heard terrible voice. Climbing the step, he heard terrible voiceBecause he is a child, he cant enter into the interbar.Being a child, he cant enter into the interbar 当从句中出现主n/adj, 且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be 动词的现在分词形式即Being +n/adj.Being excited, he speaks incoherently. Because he is excited, he speaks incoherentyly.注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时，那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。Wheather permitting, well go camping. If wheather permits, well go caming. 主语 现在分词主语 主语不一致 形成主谓关系 从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语He sat in the chair, his glaring eyes looking at her. I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first. I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first.3）有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如jugging from/by, gernerally speaking, turning to Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Generally speaking , his answer is right.Turning to the left, he saw a bus passing.二 过去分词1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果。） 过去分词与主句的主语的关系是动宾关系，即过去分词与主句主语是被动关系。 The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students Teacher 与followed 形成被动关系 句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。 The teacher came into classroom, following the students. The teacher 与following 形成主动关系。 Given a chance, I can surprise the world. He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。 All things considered, her survey is of great value than yours. 不是同个主语 从上面中，我们可以看到，things 与her paper 不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。 三，不定式。不定式做状语往往表示目的，原因，结果，比较和独立的成分。表是原因，结果时，不可置于句首。 She shut the window in order to (keep the insects out) (表目的) To get a job, he need a PHD.He need a PHD in order to get a job 注：当不定式位于句首时表目的时，相当与in order to 或so as to To find a job, he attended many interviews He attended many interviews in order to find a job. You were silly not to have have locked your car (不定式表原因) To be honest, I dont think we have a chance of winning. 常见的这类短语有to be frank (坦白的说)， be be exact(确切地说)，to begin with(首先)，to make a long story short(长话短说)等。Practice 1. The prisoner(罪犯),_ the guard and run away, was caught the next days.A killed B killing C having killed D being killed by2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless_ every day.(2007四川高考)A watered B watering C water D to water3. He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.(2007北京高考卷)A studied B studying C to have study D to be studying4.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.A to let B letting C let D having let5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.A finished B finishing C having finished D was finished.6. _in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A Having lost B Lost C Being lost D Losting7. Whether you believe it or not, it is _ that cause you illness.A because of your overweight B you are so overweightC because you are overweihgt D your being overweight8. All flights_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A had been canceled B have been canceledC having been canceled D being canceled9. _ the old houses, they built a beautiful garden in that area.A Pulled down B Having pulled down C Pulling down D To pull down 10 Thousands of people have been moving to Shenzhen since 1992, its population_ to over 10,000,000.A increasing B increased C has increased D has been increased11. Studies show the electronic devices people have made use of_ music may be causing hearing loss in many people.A enjoy B to enjoy C enjoying D enjoyed12._, the vitamin C in them will be destoryed.A Vegetable cooked too long B Cooked too long C Cooking too longD Vegetables cooking too long13. The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street,_ a small red cap.A each of them has B they each have C every wears D each wearings.14. Taiwan-borned filmmaker Ang Lee won the best director Oscar at the 78 Academy Awards,_ the highest honor in American movie fields.A to consider B considering C consider D considered15._ the public shcools with the private school, the guide book gives us a clear idea aobut the differences between them.A Having compared B considered C To compare D To be compared.过去分词作定语 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，它既保留了动词的某些特征，又具有形容词和副词的特征。下面重点谈谈它的定语功能。1. 位置单个过去分词作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前，过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后。如：Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. 被污染的空气和水对人们的健康有害。Is this the book recommended by the teacher? 这是老师介绍的书吗？请根据汉语提示完成下列句子。His father is _ (一个有经验的英语老师). _ (大多数被邀请参加会议的人) were my old friends. Key an experienced English teacher Most of the people invited to the conference 2. 意义过去分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句；作非限制性定语，则相当于一个非限制性定语从句。如：The glass broken by my son has been swept away. (=The glass which was broken by my son has been swept away.) 被我儿子打破的玻璃已经扫走了。Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly. (Hangzhou, which is known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.) 以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发生很大变化。请同学们仿照以上例句转换下列句子。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. _ The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners. _ Key This will be the best novel of its kind that have ever been written. The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.3. 特征一般来说，及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示该动作已完成，不表示被动意义。如：All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired. 所有打破的窗子都已被修好。In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground. 秋天地上有许多落叶。高考链接 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳答案。The Town Hall _ in the 1800s