医学英语呼吸系统ppt课件.ppt

MedicalTerminology 3 TheRespiratorySystem110 1 IntroductionoftheRespiratorysystem Themainfunctionoftherespiratorysystemistoprovideoxygentobodycellsforenergymetabolismandtoeliminatecarbondioxide abyproductofmetabolism Becausethesegasesmustbecarriedtoandfromthecellsintheblood therespiratorysystemworkscloselywiththecardiovascularsystemtoaccomplishgasexchange 2 TheLung Exchangeofgasesbetweentheatmosphereandthebloodtakesplaceinthelungs twocone shapedorganslocatedinthethoraciccavity Adoublemembrane thepleura 胸膜 coversthelungsandlinesthethoraciccavity Theouterlayerthatisattachedtothewallofthethoraciccavityistheparietalpleura 胸膜壁层 theinnerlayerthatisattachedtothesurfaceofthelungsisthevisceralpleura 胸膜脏层 Theverythin fluid filledspacebetweenthetwolayersofthepleuraisthepleuralspace 胸膜腔 3 UpperRespiratoryPassageway Airentersthroughthenose whereitiswarmed filtered andmoistenedasitpassesoverthehair coveredmucousmembranesofthenasalcavity Cilia 纤毛 microscopichair likeprojectionsfromthecellsthatlinethenose sweepdirtandforeignmaterialtowardthethroatforelimination Materialthatiseliminatedfromtherespiratorytractbycoughingorclearingthethroatiscalledsputum 痰 4 Inhaledairpassesintothethroat orpharynx 咽 whereitmixeswithairthatentersthroughthemouthandalsowithfooddestinedforthedigestivetract Thepharynxisdividedintothreeregions 1 anupperportion thenasopharynx 鼻咽 behindthenasalcavity 2 amiddleportion theoropharynx 口咽 behindthemouth and 3 alowerportion thelaryngealpharynx 喉咽 behindthelarynx Thepalatinetonsils 腭扁桃体 areoneithersideofthesoftpalate 软腭 intheoropharynx thepharyngealtonsils oradenoids 咽扁桃体 areinthenasopharynx 5 LowerRespiratoryPassagewaysandLungs Thepharynxconductsairintothetrachea atubereinforcedwithC shapedringsofcartilage 软骨 topreventitscollapse Ciliaintheliningofthetracheamoveimpuritiesuptowardthethroat wheretheycanbeeliminatedbyswallowingorbyexpectoration 咳痰 Thelarynxisshapedbyninecartilages themostprominentofwhichisthethyroidcartilageatthefrontthatformsthe Adam sapple Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsistheglottis 声门 Thesmallleaf shapedcartilageatthetopofthelarynxiscalledtheepiglottis 会厌 Whenoneswallows theepiglottiscoverstheopeningofthelarynxandhelpstopreventfoodfromenteringtherespiratorytract 6 Atitslowerend thetracheadividesintoarightandaleftmainstembronchus 支气管干 thatenterthelungs Therightbronchusisshorterandwider itdividesintothreesecondarybronchithatenterthethreelobes 肺叶 oftherightlung Theleftbronchusdividesintotwobranchesthatsupplythetwolobesoftheleftlung Thesmallestoftheconductingtubes thebronchioles 细支气管 carryairintothemicroscopicairsacs theaveoli 肺泡 whroughwhichgasesareexchangedbetweenthelungsandtheblood 7 TheProcessofBreathing Airismovedintoandoutofthelungsbytheprocessofbreathing technicallycalledventilation Thisconsistsofasteadycycleofinspiration inhalation andexpiration exhalation separatedbyaperiodofrest Thecyclebeginswhenthephrenicnerve 膈神经 stimulatesthediaphragm 隔膜 tocontractandflatten thusenlargingthechestcavity 8 ISuffixforRespiration 9 Exercise1 Usethesuffix pneatobuildawordwitheachofthefollowingmeanings 1 painfulordifficultbreathingdyspnea2 easy normal eu breathing3 lackof a ofbreathing4 rapidrate tachy ofbreathing Dyspnea 呼吸困难 Eupnea 平静呼吸 Apnea 呼吸暂停 Tachypnea 呼吸急促 10 IIRootsfortheRespirationPassageways 11 IIRootsfortheRespirationPassageways 12 Exercise2 Writeawordforeachofthefollowingdefinitions 1 nearthenoseparanasal2 inflammationofthepharynx3 pertainingtothelarynx4 endoscopicexaminationofabronchus5 inflammationofthebronchioles6 narrowing stenosis ofabronchus7 plasticrepairofthelarynx8 surgicalincisionofthetrachea Paranasal 鼻侧的 pharyngitis 咽炎 laryngealbronchoscopy 支气管镜检 bronchiolitis 毛细支气管炎 bronchostenosis 支气管狭窄 laryngoplasty 喉成形术 tracheotomy 气管切开术 13 Definethefollowingwords notetheadjectivalendings 9 intranasalwithinthenose10 bronchiolar11 bronchiectasis12 peribronchial13 endotracheal14 nasopharyngeal 9 withinthenose10 pertainingtoabronchiole11 dilatationofthebronchi12 aroundthebronchi13 withinthetrachea14 pertainingtothenoseandpharynx 14 IIIRootsfortheLungsandBreathing 15 IIIRootsfortheLungsandBreathing 16 Exercise3 Writeawordforeachofthefollowingdefinitions 1 between inter thepleura2 belowthediaphragm3 surgicalincisionofthephrenicnerve4 anydiseaseofthelungs pneumon o 5 recordofbreathingvolumes 6 surgicalpuncture centesis ofthepleuralspace Interpleuralsubphrenic 膈下的 phrenicotomy 膈神经切断术 pneumonopathy 肺脏疾病 spirogram 肺量图 呼吸描记图 pleurocentesis 胸腔穿刺术 17 Definethefollowingwords 1 pneumonitis2 pleuropulmonary3 pneumoplasty4