仁爱版九年级上英语复习重点.doc

仁爱版九年级上英语复习重点Great changes have taken place in recent years. 近年发生了很大的变化。I have been to Mount Huang with my parent. (have/has been to+地方 到过)我和我的父母去过黄山。She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer. (have/has gone to+地方 去了)她去了古巴当志愿者。There goes the bell. 上课铃响了 have a lift 过着的生活give support to sb. 向某人提供支柱 be crowded in+地方 挤在keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联络She has seen the changes in Beijing herself. （see sth./sb. Oneself 亲眼目睹） 她已亲眼目睹北京的变化Succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 Call sb. Up 打电话给某人It seens that+从句 “看来” ； seem to do sth. “看来要做某事” ）Increase by +数量 “增长” Carry out 实施、执行Be short of sth. 缺乏某物People have to study and work hard to keep up with the quick development of modern society. 人们得努力学习和工作跟上相待社会的迅速发展at home and abroad 在国外 whats more. 而且 in the past 在过去 at present 现在 dream about+sth / doing 梦想/做not only but also不但./.而且 make progress取得进步，取得进展happen to sb. /sth. 发生在身上 in the open air在户外draw up 拟定，起草 thanks to幸亏，由于（一）现在完成时：表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即“过去的动作 + 现在的结果”， 强调结果。如： I have bought a new bike. (= I bought a new bike, and I have a new bike now.) 我已经买了一辆新的自行车。（强调我现在有了一辆新车。） 构成形式： 助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词肯定句： I have seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影。否定句： I havent seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句： Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影了吗？回答： Yes, I have. 是的，我看过了。 No, I havent. 不，我没看过。特殊疑问句： What have you done? 你已经做了什么？（二）have/ has been to与 have/ has gone tohave/ has been to + 某地， 到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。have /has gone to + 某地， 说明去了某地， 说话时人还没回来。 如：I have been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。 - Where is Jim? 吉姆在哪儿？ - He has gone to the library? 他去图书馆了。 because of 因为，由于 one-child policy 独生子女政策 be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求 be strict in / about sth. 对某事严格要求any other + 单数名词 any other country 其它任何一个国家 in recent years = recently最近几年increase by +倍数或百分数 “增加了倍或百分之 increase to 增加到Whats the population of China？= Whats the number of people in China？中国有多少人口？in developing countries在发展中国家 in developed countries 在发达国家So it is. 的确是, 确实如此 carry out 实行，执行 one fifth 五分之一be short of 短缺 be short for 是的缩写 so far 到目前为止 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 be known as = be famous as作为而著名现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1already 和 yetalready “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句）如：He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句）如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇”Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 neverever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。nevernever“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before. -Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？ -No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前）如： I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4beforebefore “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。decide on+n.v-ing = decide to do sth 决定要做某事lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人borrow sth from sb向某人借来某物provide sb.with sth. =offer sb. sth.提供给某人某物be sucessful in doing sth=succeed in doing sth 成功完成某事feel good 感到愉快或有信心 return to a normal life 重新回到正常的生活obey /disobey the rules遵守违反规则 take drugs 吸毒 Project Hope 希望工程in the past+时间 在过去的里in the past sixteen years在过去的16年里the people at home and abroad 国内外的人们thousands of数以千计的hundreds of 数以百计的millions of数以百万计的aim to do sth 目标是做某事为了做某事pay for 付款 in poor areas 在贫困地区 send to 把送到/派到现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。构词法合成词：由两个或者更多独立的单词组合成一个单词。 如：motherland, basketball, filmmaker, birthday; hometown, greenhouse, etc.派生词：一词通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 如：常见的前缀：dis-; un-; im- 表示“不”， 如：dislike（不喜欢） disappear（消失） disagree （不同意）unhappy（不快乐） unfair（不公平） unlike（不像） impolite （不礼貌） impossible（不可能）re- 表示“重复”， 如：retell（复述） review（复习） rewrite（重写） return（重返）super- 表示“超”， 如：supermarket（超市） superman（超人） superstar（超级明星）mis- 表示“错误”， 如：mistake（错误） misunderstand（误解）2) 常见的后缀：名词后缀：-er, -or; -ness; -tion; - ment 如：worker（工人） player（选手） teacher（教师） visitor （参观者） inventor（发明者） translator （翻译者）question（问题） invention （发明） education （教育） movement（运动 ） agreement（同意） development（发展）useful （有用的） careful（认真的） helpful （有帮助的） dangerous（危险的） famous （著名的） delicious （可口的） homeless （无家可归的） careless（粗心的） useless（无用的）changeable （易变的） countable（可数的）cloudy （多云的） windy （有风的） sleepy（困倦的） not all不是所有的都quite a few/a lot/ bit 许多，大量very few 几乎没有几个no better than “同（几乎）一样”, 和(几乎)一样坏in public 公开，公众all sorts of = all kinds of 各种各样的disturb others打扰别人with the increase in随着的增长high blood pressure高血压in many ways在很多方面as well 也in strong, changeable light 在强而多变的灯光下直接引语和间接引语在引用别人原话时，被引用的部分称为直接引语；如： “What are you reading,Jane?” Maria asked.当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述部分称为间接引语。如：Maria asked Jane what she was reading.直接引语和间接引语可互相转换，但要注意以下几个变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，引导词要根据句子类型的不同有所变化。1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that或省略。如：She said, “Im very glad to have such a chance.”She said (that) she was very glad to have such a chance.2）如果是一般疑问句时，则用whether或 if。如：Maria asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine?”Maria asked Jane whether/ if they could get good food and medicine.3）如果是特殊疑问句时，则用相应的疑问词what, where, which, how等。如：Maria asked Jane, “ What are you reading?”Maria asked Jane what she was reading.4）如果是祈使句时，则多用动词ask, tell, order引导的不定式结构。如：Mother said to me, “ Try again.” Mother asked me to try again.“ Dont be afraid”, Tom said to Dick.Tom told Dick not to be afraid.语序的变化：若是从句，一律为陈述语序。时态的变化。1）主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变；如：He says, “Im tired.” He says he is tired.He will say, “ The boy was lazy.” He will say the boy was lazy.2）主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都有改成相应的过去时态，但表示自然科学和真理之类的仍以现在时出现。如：He said, “Im sorry.” He said he was sorry.The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.人称的变化。如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class.” The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class.时间状语的变化。如：nowthen; todaythat day; tonightthat night; this morningthat morning; agobefore; yesterdaythe day before;last nightthe night before; the day before yesterdaytwo days before;tomorrowthe next day; next weekthe next week.地点状语的变化。如：herethere 指示代词的变化。如：thisthat; these those动词的变化。如：come go; bring taketurn off 关闭turn on 打开 turn up 开大，调大（音量等）turn down调小，关小（音量等） on earth 在地球上millions of 数以百万记 refer to提到take up占去（空间） deal with 处理 不定代词和不定副词：(一) 不定代词： 指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody everyone/everybody 指物：something anything nothing everything（二）不定副词指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere（三）用法：1 some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。2 any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：I didnt see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。There isnt anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。He hasnt gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。3 no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。4 every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。 some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？ any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；如：If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished. 如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。 如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。 no= not any nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anythingShe didnt say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。There is nobody strange here.= There isnt anybody strange here.这儿没有一个陌生人。I have sth. important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉大家Please be on time.请准时 Thats all.我要