仲宫中心代 词专项.doc

代词中考考点1人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。2反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。3不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。考点一 人称代词1分类人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表： 类别人称人称代词主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehim单数sheher单数itit复数theythem2.用法You cannot eat your cake and have it.鱼与熊掌，不可兼得。Tell him to call back a little later.告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。Who gave out the news? 谁把消息传出去的？Its I/me.是我。注意 (1) 几个人称代词并列时的次序(2)it的用法可代替前面提到过的事物，也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。This is a watch. It is new.这是一块手表，它是新的。指时间、天气、距离等。Hows the weather today？今天天气怎么样？Its sunny.天气晴朗。Its eight oclock in the evening.现在是晚上8点钟。可代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。Itsadj./n.(for/of sb.)to do sth.(it作形式主语)sb. find/think itadj.to do sth.(it作形式宾语)Take it easy. (it用于固定句式中)_hard for me_the homework on time.对我而言，按时完成作业有困难。We think it helpful_a walk after supper.我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。_him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。中考题( ) 1. I saw _ playing basketball on the playground at that time.A. themB. theyC. theirD. theirs( ) 2. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and _ like him very much.A. we B. usC. our D. ours( ) 3. You are a kind man. What about _?A. she B. he C. hersD. her( ) 4. My father is ill in bed. I have to look after _ at home. A. heB. hisC. himD. himself( ) 5. _ can help _ with his Chinese.A. I, he B. I, himC. Me, heD. Me, him考点二 物主代词1分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表： 类别人称物主代词形容词性名词性第一人称单数mymine复数ourours第二人称单数youryours复数youryours第三人称单数hishis单数herhers单数itsits复数theirtheirs2.用法(1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，只能用于名词前作定语，起形容词的作用；(2)名词性物主代词可单独使用，起名词的作用。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。This is his computer.This computer is his.这是他的电脑。物主代词前不能再用a, an, the, this, that等词来修饰，如my book前面不能再加a。中考题( )1. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. It doesnt matter.You can have . A.we B.us C.our D.ours ( )2. Mary and Gina are my cousins. father works in Dongfeng Company. A.Their B.They C.Them D.Theirs ( )3. (2008广东)Is that dog? No. is white. A.his；His B.her；His C.he；His D.her；Her ( )4. Sarn, who teaches Chinese? Mrs.White.She has lived in China for years. Chinese is very good. A.you; Her B.your; Hers C.you; Him D.your; She 考点三 反身代词1含义反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表： 类别人称反身代词第一人称单数myself复数ourselves第二人称单数yourself复数yourselves第三人称单数himself单数herself单数itself复数themselves2.用法(1)反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语)，和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作用。God help those who help themselves.天助自助者。I am not feeling myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。Mary herself worked out the problem.玛丽自己解决了这个问题。I want to see Bob himself.我想见鲍勃本人。3固定搭配leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下_ 随便吃/喝/用by oneself 单独地_ 过得快乐；玩得开心learn by oneselfteach oneself 自学_ 伤害某人自己come to oneself 苏醒say to oneself 心里想；自言自语make oneself at home 别拘束lose oneself in 沉迷于look after oneself 保重look at oneself in a mirror 照镜子巧学妙记 反身代词莫乱用，能作句中宾(宾语)、表(表语)、同(同位语)，主语、定语不能用，固定搭配要记清。 中考题( )1. Boys,dont lose in playing Angry Birds.It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time. A.himself B.yourself C.themselves D.yourselves ( )2. I guess Peter and his sister Sally enjoyed at the dancing party. A.myself B.himself C.herself D.themselves 考点四 指示代词指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有：单数复数用法this (这个)these (这些)指近处that (那个)those (那些)指远处1.this, that可用于电话用语中，this代表自己，that则代表对方Hello! This is Jane. 喂！我是简。Is that Mike？你是迈克吗？Who is that？你是谁？2it, one, that的用法区别为了避免重复，可以用it, one, that代替上文出现的名词。但使用时应注意以下几点：(1)it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况；代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting. 她喜欢这个故事，因为它很有趣。The food is delicious. I like it very much.食物很可口，我很喜欢。(2)one用于避免重复单数可数名词。它既可代替事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，也可以代替人；其复数形式为ones，其所有格形式为ones, 如save ones life 拯救某人的生命； do ones best尽某人的最大努力。My sweater is very old. Ill buy a new one.我的毛衣很旧了，我要买一件新的。The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine. 绿色铅笔是你的，红色铅笔是我的。(3)that可以代替物，但不能代替人，它既可以代替单数可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词，其复数形式为those。The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。The apples in the box are different from those on the table. 箱子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。3this, that, these, those的用法区别this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点：他是一个诚实的人。He fell ill. That is why he didnt come. 他病了，那就是他没来的原因。He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花费了他5美元。巧学妙记this，these靠近我，that，those离我远。 this，that指单数，these，those不指单。 都可用the来代替，劝君务必记心间。 中考题( )1. (2014广东)Hello, Linda speaking.Whos ? Hello, this is Martin. A.he B.one C.that D.this ( )2. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai. A.this B.it C.that D.one 考点五 不定代词1定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词和形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词：some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, a lot of, lots of以及some, any, no, every与thing, body或one构成的复合不定代词。2常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析(1)few, a few, little与a little用法肯定意义否定意义修饰可数名词复数a few(几个，一些)few (几乎没有)修饰不可数名词a little(一点儿)little(很少，不多)He has _ friends，but he has _ good friends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。Theres still _ meat at home，but theres _ bread.家里还有点肉，但是几乎没有面包了。(2)some与any二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。在疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。Would you like _？ 你想来点儿茶吗？Will you please get _ for me?请你帮我弄点儿水好吗？(3)(the)other, (the)others与anotherother泛指“另外的”，不能单独使用，后接名词。others等于“other复数可数名词”，泛指别的人或物。the other(单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one， and the other”结构。the others等于“the other复数可数名词”，表示“其余所有的人或物”。another 泛指“三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个”。Do you have any other ideas? 你有别的想法吗？I have two brothers._ is a doctor, and_ is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教师。He is always ready to help _他总是乐意帮助别人。Five of them are in the classroom.What about _？他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？ Dont lose heart.Have _ try.别灰心，再试一次。(4)复合不定代词由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing构成的代词称为复合不定代词。onebodythingsomesomeone (某人)somebody (某人)something (某事，某物)anyanyone (任何人)anybody (任何人)anything (任何事)everyeveryone (每个人)everybody (每个人)everything (每件事，一切)nono one (没有人)nobody (没有人)nothing (没有什么)注意以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。Is there _ in todays newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？复合不定代词作主语视为第三人称单数。如：Nobody _ his name. 没有人知道他的名字。(5) each与every each 每个(强调个体)作主语、宾语、定语、同位语两者或两 者 以上可与of搭配every每个(整体描述)只能作定语三者或三 者 以上不可与of搭配Every one of the students in his class studies very hard. 他班上的每个学生学习都很用功。Each of the students has something to do.每个学生都有事干。 (6) either与neither either意为“两个中的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式，意为“两个都不”，在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Will you go there by bus or by bike? 你坐公交车去还是骑自行车去？Neither.I will go there by car. 都不，我乘汽车去。Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen? 你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔？(7) no one与noneno one常指代人后接名词只能为可数名词用来回答who的提问none指代人或物后接可数、不可数名词均可用来回答how many/much的提问 None of them is/are in the classroom.他们当中没有一个在教室里。 Who is absent from classes today? 今天谁上课缺席？No one, sir.没人缺席，先生。Tickets for Friday？星期五的票？Sorry, weve got none left.对不起，一张也没有了。(8) many与much many意为“很多”，与复数可数名词连用；much意为“很多”，与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。I dont have many friends here.在这里我没有很多的朋友。They havent got much work to do.他们没有多少工作可做。(9) all与both all指三者或三者以上的人或物都，用来代替或修饰名词。both指两个人或物，用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。I know all of the four British students in their school.他们学校的四名英国学生我全认识。Would you like this one or that one? 你要这个还是那个？Both.两个都要。中考题( )1. (2012广东)Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? of them.Lin shuhao is my favorite. A.All B.None C.Either D.Neither( )2. We have red and yellow T-shirts.Which color do you like? Im afraid .I think blue will be OK. A.both B.either C.neither D.none ( )3. (2012广东)Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? of them.Lin shuhao is my favorite. A.All B.None C.Either D.Neither( )4. Could we see each other at 9 oclock tomorrow morning? Sorry, lets make it time. A.others B.the other C.another D.other 考点六 疑问代词(1) who与whom who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语；whom只能作谓语动词的宾语。Who put the light out before I finished my work？谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了？Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble？当你处于困境时，通常向谁求助？(2) what与whichwhat常泛指“哪一类”；which常在具体的范围内进行选择。Which color do you like better, pink or purple? 粉红色和紫色，你更喜欢哪一种？中考题What color do you like？你喜欢什么颜色？( )1. is Jeremy Lin? He is a famous Harvard-educated, Asian-American NBA basketball player. A.Where B.What C.Why D.How old ( )2. is your father? A bank clerk.He works in a bank near my home. A.Where B.How C.What D.Which对点专练( ) 1. I saw _ playing basketball on the playground at that time.A. themB. theyC. theirD. theirs( ) 2. Are the keys over there _? No, they may belong to Mary.A. your B. yoursC. yourselfD. you( ) 3. Mr. Wang is very friendly, and _ like him very much.A. we B. usC. our D. ours( ) 4. Look! Whats _ in the sky?A. this B. that C. thoseD. these( ) 5. Is there _ in todays newspaper? A. anything interestingB. nothing interesting C. something interestingD. everything interesting( ) 6. Some students are cleaning the windows and _ are sweeping the floor.A. othersB. anotherC. the othersD. other( ) 7. He has two daughters. One is a doctor, _ is a teacher.A. the otherB. othersC. the othersD. another ( ) 8. The small girl teaches _ English.A. themselvesB. herselfC. himselfD. myself( ) 9. _ is more beautiful, the blue one or the red one?A. What B. WhoseC. WhichD. Who( ) 10. _ have you studied in middle school? For 3 years. A. How soonB. How oftenC. How manyD. How long( ) 11. Their mother wished the twins to be teachers, but _ of them liked teaching.A. none B. bothC. neitherD. all( ) 12. He planted _ trees, but he didnt take care of them.A. a few B. fewC. a littleD. little( ) 13. They are very good students. They have washed so _ coats for the old people.A. many B. much C. fewD. little( ) 14. Have you found your lost mobile phone? No, I havent found _, but I bought _ this morning.A. one, thatB. that, one C. it, oneD. one, it( ) 15. Im in trouble. Could you give me _ help?A. some B. anyC. little D. few( ) 1. You are a kind man. What about _?A. she B. he C. hersD. her( ) 2. _ classroom is clean, but _ is dirty.A. We, heB. Ours, hisC. Our, hisD. We, him( ) 3. Whose watch is it? Its _. I saw her wearing it this morning.A. his B. mine C. hersD. yours ( ) 4. TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as _ made in Shanghai.A. this B. that C. thoseD. these( ) 5. Toms father said _ at the meeting. He just sat there silently.A. somethingB. everythingC. anythingD. nothing( ) 6. This shirt is too large. Can you show me _?A. other B. anotherC. othersD. the other( ) 7. There are only 12 students in the classroom. Where are _?A. the otherB. othersC. the othersD. another( ) 8. Enjoy _, Tom and Lucy.A. yourselfB. himselfC. themselvesD. yourselves( ) 9. _ does Lucy surf the Internet? Every day.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How manyD. How long( ) 10. _ of the students understood the foreign teacher because he spoke too fast. A. All B. None C. EachD. Neither( ) 11. The poor boy had _ money, so he couldnt go to school.A. a few B. fewC. a littleD. little( ) 12. Please dont put _ coffee in our cups. We dont like coffee.A. too manyB. too muchC. much tooD. many( ) 13. Jack has _ close friends. But he hasnt written _ letters to them for half a year.A. some, some B. some, anyC. any, anyD. any, some( ) 14. All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. thatC. itD. them( ) 15. _ came to see you yesterday afternoon. Really, who can _ be?A. Somebody, he B. Somebody, sheC. Somebody, it D. Anybody, the one中考链接( ) 1. We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? (2009广东) No. Can you show me _?A. anotherB. each otherC. the otherD. others( ) 2. My father is ill in bed. I have to look after _ at home. (2010广东)A. heB. hisC. himD. himself( ) 3. _ will you come back? In an hour. (2010广东)A. How soonB. How oftenC. How farD. How long( ) 4. Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. (2011广东) It doesnt matter. You can have _. A. weB. usC. ourD. ours( ) 5. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? _ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite. (2012 广东)A. All B. NoneC. EitherD. Neither( ) 6. Boys, dont lose _ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time. (2013 广东)A. himselfB. yourselfC. themselvesD. yourselves( ) 7. - _ is it from the village to your farm?- About 10 minutes walk. (2013 广东)A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. How far( ) 8. Hello, Linda speaking. Whos _?(2014 广东) Hello, this is Martin.A. he B. oneC. thatD . this过关测试( ) 1. _ can help _ with his Chinese.A. I, he B. I, himC. Me, heD. Me, him( ) 2. This is _ book. _ is over there.A. mine, YoursB. my, YourC. my, YoursD. mine, Your( ) 3. The children heard _ on the island. They were a little scared.A. something strange B. anything strange C.something important D. anything important( ) 4. We study Chinese, English and some _ subjects.A. othersB. other C. anotherD. the others( ) 5. _ of the shoes in the shop were the right size for me. They were either too big or too small.A. Both B. Neither C. NoneD. Either( ) 6. The village was quite small. There were only _ houses.A. few B. a fewC. little D. a little( ) 7. Will you buy _ stamps for me?A. some B. anyC. noD. none( ) 8. Is _ here today? No, Li Lei isnt here.A. someoneB. somebodyC. everyoneD. anyone( ) 9. Who has a dictionary, children? I have _.A. itB. this C. oneD. that( ) 10. The population of Harbin is smaller than _ of Shanghai.A. itB. this C. oneD. that( ) 11. Thats a bird. _ name is Polly.A. It is B. Its C. ItsD. It( ) 12. I borrowed two books. _ is about music, and _ is about math.A. It; anotherB. One; another C. The one; anotherD. One; the other( ) 13. Rose and Alice were tired, but _ of them stopped to have a rest.A. eitherB. neither C. bothD. none( ) 14. I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language.A. this B. that C. itsD. it( ) 15. Nobody taught _. She learnt all by _.A. she, herB. her, herselfC. her, her D. herself, herself( ) 16. Lucy hasnt done as _ work as you have.A. much B. manyC. lotD. more( ) 17. _ of the three buses can take you to the Palace Museum, so you can get there easily.A. EitherB. AllC. NeitherD. None( ) 18. _ is your favorite star? Zhou Jielun is.A. What B. WhoC. WhichD. How( ) 19. A lot of story books are on sale, but _ are good ones.A. any B. some C. fewD. many( ) 20. Though they cleaned the floor, there was still _ water on it.A. little B. a littleC. fewD. a few ( ) 21. Who is _ speaking? _ is John speaking.A. you, I B. that, ThisC. that, ThatD. this, This( ) 22. The light is on. There must be _ in the office.A. somebodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. everybody( ) 23. Do you often talk to _ like this? I hope you can change.A. other B. othersC. the othersD. another ( ) 24. They know something can be learned by _.A. themselvesB. himselfC. ourselvesD. yourselves( ) 25. _ will you go back to your motherland? In a week.