高中英语名词性从句详细讲解课件.ppt

名词性从句 名词性从句nounclause 主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句objectclause 表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句appositiveclause 辨别下列名词性从句的类别 1 Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor 2 JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday 3 Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently 4 Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice 5 HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU S 6 ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 That wh clause v 主语从句S be link v that wh clause表语从句S vt that wh clause宾语从句S vi prep wh clause宾语从句 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词 that whether if连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which 连接副词 when where how why 1 that只起连接主句和从句的作用 在从句中不担任任何成分 本身也没有词义 宾语从句中可省略2 不充当介宾3 引导主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 that不可省略 4 thatwhether if asif asthough 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 一 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 1 It作形式主语 It作形式主语代替主语从句 主要是为了平衡句子结构 主语从句的连接词没有变化 例如 Itisapitythatyoudidn tgotoseethefilm Itdoesn tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot 1 It be 形容词 that从句 Itisnecessary important obviousthat 2 It be ed分词 that从句 Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntousallthat 众所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已经决定 3 It be 名词 that从句 Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 4 It 不及物动词 that从句 Itappearsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等语气时 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 should do 常用的句型有 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that Itissuggested requested proposed desired etc that what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分 如主语 宾语 表语 而that则不然 例如 1 yousaidyesterdayisright 2 sheisstillaliveisagoodthing Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive What That 2 what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 主语从句中的 主谓一致 1 主语从句通常被看作一个整体 主句的谓语动词用单数形式 Thattheywillcome certain 2 What引导主语从句时 主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定 Whathewants thesebooks Whathewants somewater 3 注意 is are is 1 intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure mailaccount 2005上海 A WhatisrequiredB WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD Itrequires2 TheForeignMinistersaid ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace 2006北京 A ThisB ThereisC ThatisD Itis3 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace 2004上海 A whereB whatC thatD how Exercises 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 2 Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 3 Iamafraid that I vemadeamistake 宾语从句 作动词的宾语 作介词的宾语 作形容词的宾语 注意1 在demand order suggest decide insist desire request command doubt等表示要求 命令 建议 决定等意义的动词后 宾语从句常用 should 动词原形 Iinsistthatshe should doherworkalone 我坚持要她自己工作 Thecommanderorderedthattroops should setoffatonce 司令员命令部队马上出发 2 用whether或if引导的宾语从句 其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒 仍保持陈述句语序 此外 whether与if在作 是否 的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether 不用if a 引导主语从句并在句首时 b 引导表语从句时 c 引导从句作介词宾语时 d 从句后有 ornot 时 e 后接动词不定式时 Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 3 宾语从句中的 时态呼应 与 否定转移 若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 例如 Hetoldmethathe hisjob 已经完成了工作 时态呼应 否定转移 我认为他不会来这里 Ithinkhewon tcomehere Idon tthinkhewillcomehere hadfinished 注意 4 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers 注意 如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时 一般用it来作形式宾语 把从句放在宾补后面 我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的 Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays Exercises it 作形式主语或形式宾语 1 Ihate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull A itB thatC theseD them2 Ifeel strangethatheshouldbesocareless A B itC thatD how3 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey A whileB thatC ifD for4Willyouseeto thattheluggageisbroughtback A weB yourselfC itD them A B B C 三 表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be look remain seem等 另外 常用的还有thereasonisthat 和Itisbecause等结构 例如 1 Thequestionis wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime 2 Thisis wecan tgetthesupportofthepeople 3 Butthefactremains wearebehindtheotherclasses 4 Thereason heislateforschoolis hemissedtheearlybus whether how why that why that 四 同位语从句 1 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 一般由that引导 例如 1 Theking sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople 2 Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 2 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面 而是被别的词隔开 例如 HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff 2020 1 29 21 可编辑 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 that作为关系代词 可以引导定语从句 充当句子成分 在从句中作宾语时可以省略 that引导同位语从句时 起连词的作用 没有实际意义 不充当句子成分 一般不能省略 Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere that引导同位语从句 不能省略 Haveyougottheidea that thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece that引导定语从句 作宾语 可以省略 Exercises 1 Doris successliesinthefact sheisco operativeandeagertolearnfromothers 2006上海春季 A whichB thatC whenD why2 Doyouhaveanyidea isactuallygoingonintheclassroom 2005辽宁 A thatB whatc asD which3 Thereisafeelinginme we llneverknowwhataUFOis notever 2002上海 A thatB whichc ofwhichD what4 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities A whileB thatC whenD as 1 Theywanttoknow dotohelpus A whatcantheyB whattheycanC howtheycanD howcanthey 2 Canyoumakesure thegoldring A whereAlicehadputB wherehadAliceputC whereAlicehasputD wherehasAliceput 3 SomeoneisringingMary Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis B C I 语序问题 考点归纳 D 归纳 在名词性从句中 除了关联词在从句之首外 其它部分应用 的语序 陈述 II 用if或whether填空 1 Idon tknow I llbefreetomorrow 2 Idon tknow ornotI llbefreetomorrow 3 Thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting 4 Itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow I llgowithoutyou whether if whether whether whether Whether If a 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 介词后面的宾语从句只能用 不能用if b 后面紧跟ornot时 用 归纳 whether whether III that与whether if的选择 1 knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall WhatB WhereC IfD That 2 Itmakesnodifference oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek A thatB eitherC whetherD when 3 Idoubt hewillcomesoon 4 Idonotdoubt hewillcomesoon 5 Doyoudoubt hewillcomesoon D C whether if that that 表示是否时用 表示肯定时用 归纳 whether if that 1 Ican tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind 2 theearthisroundisknowntousall 3 hewontheracewas weexpected that what 只起连接作用 在从句中不充当任何成分 没有词义 起连接作用 且在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 表示 所 的 That What That what 归纳 that what引导名词性从句的区别 what whateverwho whoeverwhich whichever 引导名词性从句的区别 1 isworthdoingisworthdoingwell 2 weneedismoretime 3 madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant 4 breaksthelawwillbepunished Whatever What Who Whoever 等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义 相当于名词后加一个定语从句 而 等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义 Whoever whatever Who what 1 It sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants whichB thatC whateverD allwhat2 ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo Icantosavethem whichB thatC whateverD allwhat3 kills sellsoreatswildanimalsorbirds istoblame AnyoneB AnyonewhoC ThosewhoD Those B C C Exercises 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 Hesuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Itwassuggestedthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hissuggestionwasthatameeting should beheldimmediately Hemadeasuggestionthatameeting should beheldimmediately 表示建议 请求 命令 要求 坚持等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气 归纳 2 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should do 常用句型有1 Itisnecessary important natural strange etc that 2 Itisapity ashame nowonderetc that e g Itisstrangethatshe should thinkso 试区分以下句子 Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar Doyouknowthefactthattheyweretalkingabout 注意 1 如果是定语从句 它的从句肯定是不完整的 关系词肯定在句中充当成分的 而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用 2 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用 而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容 同从 定从 拓展 高考再现1 NMET1995 isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage A ThereB ThisC ThatD It2 NMET1996 wecan tgetseemsbetterthanwehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what3 NMET2001春 Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother doesitmatteritwas A whereB whatC howD which4 NMET1997 It sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants A howeverB whateverC whicheverD wherever5 NMET1999 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff A whyB whenC whatD where D A D B A 1 Thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing A ifB whatC whetherD how2 Theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce A whichB whenC D that3 Thereason Ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed A why whyB why becauseC why thatD that because C C D Consolidation 4 Ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind A What whyB Which howC That whyD What because5 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain A That