华兹华斯诗歌语言风格.doc

四川师范大学成都学院本科毕业论文 To Analyze the Pastoral Poetry Language Style of William Wordsworth学生姓名杨莎学 号2008119197所 在 系外语系专业名称英语班 级2008级4班指导教师 李咏梅四川师范大学成都学院二一二年五月四川师范大学成都学院本科毕业论文To Analyze the Pastoral Poetry Language Style of William WordsworthAbstract: William Wordsworth, one of the distinguish Romanism poets in 19th century, is the representative of “Lake School”. His verses are good at describing the natural scenery, the pastoral landscapes, the life of plain people and teenagers. The language style of writing is simple, natural, fresh and spontaneous, which is on the opposite of the neo-classical plate and elegant language style, thus creates a new fresh and lively Romanism poetry. Wordsworth poetry adopts blank verse which is from the old poetry genre and free from the bonds of it. Free verse has its own features in genre, syllable and language and is in search of freedom from them and to refresh them. In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge joint-polished Lyrical Ballads declared the birth of Romanism of new poetry. In 1800, in the preface of Lyrical Ballads of the second edition, William Wordsworth advocates to describe the plain things, plain thoughts and plain feelings with plain language, and the work is latter known as the declaration of Romanism poetry. Since then, Wordsworths poetry gets its further development in depth and the breadth. He endows his description is his poetry with philosophic ideas of under-lied thinking, self-reflection and life meaning-searching. The thesis is to illustrate that the authors intention is to build his ideal society by analyzing the naturality, metaphoricality and university of his poetry language. The thesis is also in an attempt to analyze his poem Daffodils as the representative his poetry to draw a conclusion that on the basis of inheriting from the traditional poetry, Wordsworth not only creates a new era of poetry genre of fresh and plain language style, but also bring us the significant and passionate feelings by his poetry.Key words: pastoral poetry language style William Wordsworth Daffodils华兹华斯田园诗歌语言风格分析学生：杨莎 指导教师：李咏梅内容摘要：威廉华兹华斯是19世纪英国杰出的浪漫主义诗人，“湖畔派”的代表人物。华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。文笔朴素清新，自然流畅，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。华兹华斯的诗歌多采用自由体。自由诗从旧式诗词格律的镣铐里脱胎而出，在诗体、音节、语言方面力求解放，显示出新的特色 。1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的抒情歌谣集宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。华兹华斯在1800年抒情歌谣集第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论，主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情，被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言。此后，华兹华斯的诗歌在深度与广度方面得到进一步的发展，在描写自然风光、平民事物之中寓有深意，寄托着自我反思和人生探索的哲理思维。通过分析华兹华斯诗歌语言的自然性、隐喻性和普世性，本文试图说明作者旨在其自然诗中构建自己心中理想社会。本文将以华兹华斯的咏水仙为代表分析其田园诗歌的语言风格，得出了华兹华斯在继承传统诗学语言风格的基础上，不仅开创了一代语言清新自然，内容淳朴的诗歌风格结论，而且还赋予其诗歌以气势恢弘，激情洋溢的情感。关键词：华兹华斯 田园诗歌 语言风格 咏水仙 Table of Contents1. Introduction11.1 Background11.2 Poetry Genre of William Wordsworth11.3 The ideal and the pastoral style of William Wordsworth22. Pastoral style of Wordsworth32.1Naturality42.2 Metaphor52.3University63. Analysis of the language style of Daffodils73.1 Rhyming Scheme83.2 Title and theme83.3 Figures Used83.4 Imagery Skill in this poem94. Conclusion10Works Cited12III四川师范大学成都学院本科毕业论文To Analyze the Pastoral Poetry Language Style of Wordsworth1. Introduction1.1 Background William Wordsworth was from a rich family. His father ,a well-educated lawyer encouraged all his children to be learned. Wordsworth had a wonderful childhood on the whole. Unfortunately, when his mother Ann died in 1778, William was sent away to a grammar-school, where he was allowed to run wild and became a quite young sportsman. Then he studied in Cambridge, but soon he realized Cambridge was not the place for him. After graduation, Wordsworth wandered aimlessly through France, where the country was undergoing the French Revolution. The Revolution was at its turning-point into degrading. So he backed to London living with his young sister Dorothy in a little cottage. He was in love with the pastoral secenery of the place he lived in. During this period, he and his friend Coleridge published a joint volume of poetry called Lyrical Ballads in 1798. People knew nothing about his poetry genre when Lyrical Ballads was published. Since William settled in the lake district, so people called him the poet of the “Lake School”. He was also honoured the title of “Englands Poet Laureate”. His description of poetry set a milestone as “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”of a new world of English literature. In Wordsworth Romanticism poems, we can see there is a main melancholy in his poems. Besides, romanticism age is an era of verse in which poets poured into overflowing and spontaneous feelings and emotions. Hence, as one of the representatives of Romanticism, William Wordsworth liked to adopt a free verse form rather than the tradition form of “Heroic couplets” frequently used by neo-classic writers. 1.2 Poetry Genre of William WordsworthWordsworth poetry mostly uses free verse. “Free verse from the old rules and the chains of poetry in the inferno, the style, the syllable, and language, to literately show new features: first break rigid stale, vernacular to join with classical poem. Especially in public speaking to advocate concise kind natural language, syllables of the poetry rhymes, break traditional poetry, as well as the abolition of aspects such as the bondage of rigid accidentally allusion, exquisite natural music and not with limited phonological”(胡适 115). The poetry of syllables priorities, reason and the cadence of speech but a poet with their own emotions of natural back up the feeling and mood natural rhythm.In addition, the pursuit of the style is not restraining free expression. Not bound by rules for rhyme, without any thought the heart of things, the pour out branch is not rhyme, even if the stanza branch also completes according to the content of his works and optional arrangement to form the main characteristics of free verse the artistic form. Free verse has some praise labor significance sing praise to working-people and demonstrates the excellent quality of ideal society and the bright future of the vision and these works is particularly valuable works of ideological characteristics which are often in the praise words revealing the feudal theme and optimistic clear positive enterprising, reflecting the tendency of new times spirit.1.3 The ideal and the pastoral style of William WordsworthIn his poem, he describes the nature scenes, pastoral landscapes, the plain people and teenagers. The subject or the theme also should be mentioned. Wordsworth is the honest worshiper of nature and great caution in collecting and finding the feelings of ordinary people. For instance, short lyrics as To the Cuckoo，I wandered lonely as a Cloud，The Solitary Reaper，We are seven，Lines composed a Few Miles above Tinder Abbey， My Heart leaps up，Intimation of Immorality and Daffodils. He tries his best to describe rivers, mountains, flowers, birds, kids, peasants and reminiscences of his own childhood and youth. The language is fluent, simple, fresh. There is no strike MITRE. The free verse expresses the civilians minds and feelings. Free verse is praised as the declaration of Romanticism. After that, Wordsworth poem gets a further development in the depth and the wild degree. Besides, it has a deep idea at describe natural thing of scene and consign to introspect to philosophy thinking that investigates life by ones own. Because the verse of Wordsworth not only on the one hand advocates to use the common peoples simple language, but also on the other hand emphasizes the polishing refining of achievement. The language of the verse of Wordsworth is not only naturally clear and expressive but also lofty and greathearted.In the preface of Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth said “the main purpose of poem is to choose the affairs and details in the daily life, to make greatest efforts to adopt people the language which is used by common people to describe and depict affairs happened in their daily life”( William and Samuel 23). As to language used in his verse, Wordsworth “endeavored to bring his language closer to the real language of men”(William and Samuel 98). He advocates that language should use everyday language spoken by civilians but opposes to the poetic diction used by neo-classic writers. In his verses he makes own language that come close the public possibly. This kind of “coming close the publics language seemed to be emollient, realistic, nature and full of philosophy means”(William and Samuel 154).Finally, Wordsworth poem negates the means of Middle Age taking words as centre and then expands to completely overturn the lately classicism. His verse doesnt divide stanza intentionally. And that all of free bodies dont use tail rhyme is a character that a lot of poets can not do it at the same time. Wordsworth free verse gets rid of old type poem and tries hard for liberation in the body type, syllable and language, displaying a new special feature. For instance, the voice is away from the old body poem phrasing on the syllable MITRE rhyme, standard even zee, rescinded pain. It is very important to pay attention to suit natural music but emphasize the rhyme. The voice of verse spirit syllable has older of priority and melodious modulation in tone begging to conform poets cheerful nature of oneself emotion and tone of natural rhyme. He keeps eyes on the moral education influencing of nature, on the varied relationships of a love of nature and on a fond of humanity. His writing style influences exerted on him by the American and French revolution through which there arouses a beginning of democratic feelings. Whats more, it is worth praising the increasing belief of human beings. Hence, from the object in his poems, he speaks favorably the spirits of men, living in harmony with the natural environment and away from corrupt society. 2. Pastoral style of WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth lives more than thousands years apart from Tao Yuan Ming,but they choose the same way of life, that is, with the ideal and the reality of conflict. They withdraw from complex social life and retirement rural. Chinese culture has heavy light personal characteristics, which standards the key dominant position. Individual character is being excluded to light position. Similarly, British culture that focuses on the collective, the individual is personal collective control, less personal obeying to the collection. Tao Yuan Ming and Wordsworth, the fomer regards chrysanthemum as his favorite that quiet elegance and symbol beyond Chinese literature pursuits of a kind of the unity of nature and the light of the beautiful realm to high taste; But the latter is like a strong romantic rose, representing the great unselfish love. It is important for Wordsworth to use “language really used by men”(William Wordsworth 3). Wordswoth think: “I usually choose the humble rural life as subject matter. Because in this life, people heart of the main enthusiasm found better soil, can reach to mature and less situation by some at home, and give a more honest and strong language”(张德旭 24). In Wordsworth view, the language is a growing soil of a kind of specific life atmosphere, there can be a very natural search to a quite proper language to express feelings. At the same time, in the poem he reflects his thoughts and feelings and poetics. The natur of poetry cant be carved and polished. In conclusion, Wordsworth poem leaves deep imprint of nature. For British romanticism literary character, “nature is just one of its main themes, namely: nature, dream and human” (林芸 56). Each of English romantic poets is attracted to the natural singer. In this respect William Wordsworth is particularly outstanding. Wordsworth natural language with three distinctive characteristics:naturality, metaphor ,university.2.1NaturalityCommon between Wordsworth and Tao is poetry creation in pastoral scenery and daily life as the main description object. Tao Yuan Ming had crops at rural, experienced the poor farmers live, the scenery of the rural areas. In the poems has a vivid expression. He loves nature and put own true feelings. Hes poem encouraged into the field most of the harmonious and natural scenery, entirely new. For example Return Home vegetable Garden was praised by many other poets. Tao Yuan Ming in idyllic, still praise the labor life. These poems feelings Portsmouth the sincere, sending out of full-bodied life breathe. This poem reflects the significance of labor and farmers hardships. While, Wordsworth in his masterpiece of lyrical ballads (The second edition of the preface Ballads) shows that their writing poetry principle-the choice by ordinary. Garden life as subject matter, because in the heart of inter his love can find better growth mature soil. His poems to rural express the lower peoples life and pastoral scenery of subject matter, such as river lake passion, fields and woods, the sky white cloud and so on. In his writings, there are vivid farmers and innocent children, such as Solitary Reaper, We are Seven, Lines Composed A Few Miles above Tinder Abbey. These are the author describings of the relationship between nature and man masterpiece. The poet thinking natural life is the source of joy and wisdom. His poem is full of his love for nature.2.2 MetaphorWordswoth and Tao Yuanming both advocate use natural language to writing. Wordsworth is especially good for using plenty of imagination. Metaphor and personification are used mixed William verses.While,Tao Yuan Ming is through the metaphor and symbolism techniques such as the euphemism, reservation of insipid to let the significant emotion and natural mutual infiltration. Tao Yuan Ming often uses uncluttered approach, while. In their poems, there are similar naturalism and metaphoricality. They desicrib the natur as the poem picture. Between Tao Yuanming Be Bird and Wordsworth To A Cukoo, both of them borrow the bird to express out of bondage, free,and return to the natur of the cheerful mood. In the rhythm is bright, the former is full of light output of the rhythm and the appeal, the latter is filled with positive romantic breath. Language is simple, natural,consise and lively without any polishment. They are the objective things as well as embody the subjective feelings and poets characters.The language of the Tao poem is natural, plain and simple. The author introduces accurate and simple statements to make the poem presenting a profound artistic conception and the light natural interest. Differently, Wordsworth thinks, the role of poetry is that it can give daily life of the people and things the unusual charm, as with the prism will present a colorful sunlight. Only through thinking process of the lawsuit, the poem encourages to send out a full-bodied intoxicating fragrance. Besides,just like Tao poem ,Wordsworth also use natural animals such as birds and clouds as poetic objects. In “To a Cuckoo”the writer rest in a quiet mountain. Laying the valley, the writer suddenly hears sweet song. With a cuckoo in his imagination, this is not just a bird, but a floating towards voice, talking dream of things. The voice of overlap, he returnes to the far away childhood. The earth seems to reproduce the disembodied fairyland, thats what cuckoo birds dream place.In Solitary Reapers the writer describes in a hike, he happenes to see a countryside launches by contrast, imagine technique. On the one hand, write the girl singing might sound, on the other hand also expresse her songs with the inner beauty which is difficult to explain in words. This is just like the new life for small island perfusion, but they are not so fantastic as the girl singing and moving. Be like again in To Butterflies” ，Early Spring sent sentence (written in Early Spring) and The in Westminster Bridge (upon Westminster Bridge), and other psalms. The rich imaginations also get sufficient playing. Therefore, through the rich imagination, using an image or personification rhetoric figure, the objective thing and feelings about things is the important features of the language style.2.3UniversityWordsworth and Tao Yuan Ming poems exprese the social recognitions, the life experience, and the great love of nature. Besides their poems show loving for simple life. But two poets express feelings in different ways: Tao poem lyrical implicative, affection, scene. However, Wordsworth expresses his inner feelings directly and emphasizes using the language understood by people. In poetry the scenery of Tao Yuan Ming describing does not seek similar to the objects. Matter also dont pursue plot twists and turns, but through all things, general visible the ordinary things of life, or express the feeling. In Tao poem appeareing humans, chrysanthemums, isolated cloud, bird, are no longer unusual scenery. Taos poem is full of imagery as well concept. In Worsdworth poetry, the author will connect the feeling of the natural scenery and illustrates the deep together expressing life philosophy, forming a complete artistic conception. In his poem, although without any word expresses the feelings of the sentence, but we can still make sense directly, if you read between the lines. In his poet wonderful scenery containing the poet of the life is profound enlightenment. To sum up,Wordsworth expressed feelings directly. For instance, Tinder Abbey “In hours of weariness, sensation sweet，Felt in the blood，and felt along the heart；And passing even into my purer mindWith tranquil restoration：feelings tooOf unremembered pleasure：such，perhaps，As have no slight or trivial influenceOn that best portion of a good mans life，His little，nameless，unremembered，actsof kindness and of love”Generally, the William Wordsworth poem Tinder Abbey marked its real meani