【推荐】名师导学导练精析精解专题三：阅读理解——文化、历史、地理类(北师大版).doc

文化、历史、地理类 考题1)(NMET 典型例题 Treasure hunts (寻宝) have excited peoples imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island. Kit William, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (线索) found in a book when he wrote a childrens story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of red herrings, or false clues, to mislead them.Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an imlportant clue at the start. He had realized that the words: One of Six to Eight under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIIIs six wives. Even here, how- ever, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedforshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.1. The underlined word them (Paragraph 1) refers to . A. red herrings B. treasure huntsC. Henry VIIIs six wives D. readers of Masquerade2. What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare? A. Two stone crosses in Ampthill. B. Stevensons Treasure Island. C. Katherine of Aragon. D. Williams hometown. 3. The stone crosses in Ampthill were built . A. to tell about what happened in 1773 B. to show respect for Henry VIIIs first wife C. to serve as a roadsign in Ampthill Park D. to inform people where the gold hare was 4. Which of the following describes Roberts logic in searching for the hare? a. Henry VIIIs six wives b. Katherines burial place at Kimbohon c. Williams childhood in Ampthill d. Katherine of Aragon e. Stone crosses in Amphill Park A. a-b-c-e-d B. d-b-c-e-a C. a-d-b-c-e D. b-a-e-c-d 5.What is the subject discussed in the text? A. An exciting historical event. B. A modern treasure hunt. C. The attraction of Masquerade. D. The importance of logical thinking. 解析 1.D.本题测试考生根据上下文信息推断代词含义的能力。解这首题主要依据文章的第一段最后一句话：句中misled意为：“误导”，通常后接人作宾语，故C、D两面三刀项中选择。而代词通常指代前面出现过的名词，故选择前半句中出现过的名词readers。 2C本题考查考生综合概括的能力。本题主要依据文章第二段看出中心线索为 Katherine Aragon。 3B本题检测考生依据文中信息确定事情性质的能力。文中第二段最后一句话中的 her就是指上句中出现的Katherine of Aragon。根据上文介绍Katherine of Aragon，the first of Henrys six wives。因此确定B项为正确答案。 4C本题考查考生给事件发生时间排序的能力。本题的主要信息来自于文章第二段，不难排出正确答案。 5B本题的命题意图是检测考生对全篇主旨的概括能力。文章的第一句涉及treasure hunts；接下来又讲到had the idea of combining the real excitementwith clues found in a book when he wrote a childrens story文章第二段、第三段具体介绍了Ken Roberts的trea sure hunt过程。由此可能看出文章的主题为a modem treasure hunt。 考题2(北京典型例题 The tower of Big Ben, Londons most famous building, has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament. To control the towers movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimetres, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer. Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 meters north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the JubiLee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a .safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres. To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The towers, additional lean went between 10 and 25 mil- limetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres. After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. Since 1971 the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction. The latest measures taken this year suggest that the towers lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But fol- lowing regular reexaminations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilized (稳定 ). A spokesman for London Underground says: We understand the tower has stabilized and returned to its normal movement cycle. From Modern Construction, 16 September 典型例题 Which of the following drawings correctly shows how the propping up construction was carried out? 2. What does the word review (in Paragraph 5) mean?A. Observation. B. Description. C. Discussion. D. Re-examination.3. Why was the propping up construction necessary? A. To stop the tower of Big Ben from leaning. B. To stop sharp-eyed people from seeing the lean. C. To stop the Tower of Pisa from leaning too much. D. To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit.4. What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was written?A. 220 millimetres. B. 255 millimetres. C. 35 millimetres. D. 27.5 millimetres. 5. We can infer from the article that A. the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Borlands opinion C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake D. the propping up work has proved to be successful解析 1A这是一道识图题，根据文章第三段第一句话可以判断出，选项A的图示是正确的，即在钟塔以北31米处挖了一个40米深的洞，并向钟塔底座灌入水泥浆。 2D这是一道猜义题，文章最后一段第三句话有所提示。 3D这是一道细节题，从文章最后二段及第四段可以看出，灌入水泥浆可以控制塔的倾斜，使其不超出安全底线，但并不能完全阻止其倾斜。 4B这是一道计算题，文章第三段告知，到1997午实际倾斜了220毫米，写这篇文章时，又倾斜了35毫米，所以共倾斜了255毫米。5.D.这是一道推题，从文章最后一句话可知，支撑工作取取得了成功。考题 3 （典型例题， A） I needed to get some money so, after Christmas, I took a job in the clothes department at Grahams for the first fortnight of the January sale. I cant say that I enjoyed it, but it was an experience Ill never forget.I could never understand why there were so many things in the sales, where did they all come from? Now I know the secret! Firstly, there is the special winter stock(货物)and the stock that people buy all the year round; some of these things are slightly reduced. Secondly, there are the summer clothes they couldnt sell last year; these are heavily reduced to clear them, Thirdly, there are cheap clothes bought in specially for the sales; these are put out at high prices ten days before the sale begins and then are reduced by 60% in the sale. Clever! Lastly, they buy in seconds (clothes not in perfect condition) for the sale and they are sold very cheaply.When I arrived half an hour before opening on the first day of the sale, there was already a queue around three sides of the building. This made me very nervous. When the big moment arrived to open the doors, the security guards, looking less confident than usual, came up to them, keys in hand. The moment they had unlocked the doors, they hid behind the doors for protection as the noisy crowd charged in. I couldnt believe my eyes; this wasnt shopping, it was a battlefield! One Ix)or lady couldnt keep her feet and was knocked over by people pushing from behind. Clothes were flying in all directions as people searched for the sizes, colors and styles they wanted. Quarrels broke out. Mothers were using their small children to crawl (爬行) through peoples legs and get hold of things they couldnt get near themselves. Within minutes I had half a dozen people pushing clothes under my nose, each wanting to be the first served. Where had the famous English queue gone? The whole day continued like that, but I kept my temper (脾气) ! I was taking money hand over fist and began to realize why twice a year, Grahams were happy to turn their expensive store into a battlefield like this. In the sale fever, people were spending money like water without thinking whether they needed what they were buying. As long as it was a bargain it was OK. You wont believe this. But as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale.1. What kind of clothes is likely to be .sold 5 % cheaper? A. Last summers clothes. B. Clothes not in perfect condition. C. Clothes bought in specially for the sales. D. Clothes for winter. 2. Which of the following statements is true? A. The customers gave up the queuing, for which the English are famous. B. The customers kept their temper while looking for clothes they wanted. C. Small children enjoyed crawling through peoples legs. D. The security guards were fearless of the crowd. 3. In the authors opinion, why were Gradhams happy to make their expensive store into 10attleheld . A. There were too many clothes and they wanted to clear them in the sales. B. They were eager to show that they were clever at doing business. C. They could take the chance to raise the prices of all their clothes. D. They wanted to make more money by having sales. 4. The expression crashed out means . A. chatted with her friends B. slept soundly C. broke down D. dined out 5. What would be the best title for the passage? A. The Best Bargain. B. Hunting for a Job. C. Sale Fever. D. A Pleasant Fortnight. 解析 1D第二段Firstly，there is the Special winter stock；some of these things are slightly reduced中slightly“稍微”。 2Agave up the queuing“放弃排队，不排队等候”。第六段people pushing clothes undermy nose，where had the famous English queue gone? 3D第七段In the sale fever，people were spending money like water“人们花钱如流水，钱都流人商店的口袋。” 4ncrashed out“熟睡”。紧张、疲劳的工作之后，酣然入睡。 5CSale Fever“抢购热潮”。 考题4(NMET 典型例题 Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, ac- cording to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbour, St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral (葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second-and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land-is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbour, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous. On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory (智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day. 1. It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha . A. was named after its discoverer B. got its name from Holland settlers C. was named by the British government D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records 2. Which of the following is the most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island.C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena. 3. Which country does Easter Island belong to? A. Britain. B. Holland. C. Portugal. D. Chile. 解析 确切地说，这是一篇包含地理、历史和文化于一体的文章。 1A这是一道事实细节题。文章第一段首句叙述了38平方英里的Tristan da Cunha岛是世界上最远的有人类居住的岛屿。我们再从该段中所提供的信息：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in l506得知，该岛是以于1506年发现葡萄牙的海军上将的名字命名的。 2C这是一道事实询问题，从文章第三段叙述的giving themplentyof time tobuild more than 1000 huge stone figures，called moai，for which the island is most famous可以看出， Easter Island是以岛上居民建造的一千多个被叫作moai的巨大石像而著名， 3D这是一道推理判断题，该题问Easter lsland属于哪一个国家。四个选项的国家分别为英国，荷兰，葡萄牙，智利。我们从短文的最后一段中叙述的Today 典型例题oplelive on the Chilean territory They share one street， a small airport， and a few hours of television perday可以推断出，属于智利领土。考题5(北京.典型例题Native Tongue At first Kate thought the Romanian girl could not speak and understand English. Nadia would not reply to anything Kate said. Kate was in charge of showing Nadia around on her first day at Buck minster Grade School. Kate could not figure out why the school had put Nadia in a class where she could not understand what people were saying. Why did they do this? Kate wondered aloud. I mean, you cant learn if you cant understand the teacher.Nadias voice was a whisper. I understand English. I will learn. Nadias English was perfect. Kate was perplexed. She couldnt understand why Nadia did not like to speak. Then she realized that moving to a new country probably wasnt the easiest thing to do. There were hun- dreds of unfamiliar and unusual things to learn all at the same time. Therere a lot of new things to learn, huh.? said Kate. Nadia nodded rapidly. In a quiet voice she replied, Many things people say, I do not understand. I have been speaking English and Romanian all my life, but I do not know what some children are saying. For example, yesterday a boy asked if I could help him find the USB port on a thin black box he was carrying. Isnt a port a place for ships? It made no sense to me. Dont worry, said Kate. Youll figure everything out in time. You see, that thin black box was a computer. A USB port is a place where you can connect other machines to a computNadia and Kate were quiet after that. They took notes while the teacher gave a maths le: son. To Kates surprise, Nadia put up her hand and offered to answer questions at the blacl board.Nadia handled every question the teacher gave her. Some of the questions were really diff t, and no one understood what was going on except Nadia and the teacher. When the teach, d that Nadia answered everything correctly, the whole class clapped their hands. Nadia was smiling when she sat back down next to Kate. Some things, she said in a no 1 voice, are the same all over the world.1. At the beginning of Nadias first day at school, she was . A. disappointed B. helpful C. lively D. shy2. The underlined word perplexed probably means . A. puzzled B. angry C. shocked D.serious 3. We can infer from the passage that . A. Nadia did not like Kate B. Nadia had lived by the sea before C. Nadia had never seen a computer before D. Nadia spoke in a soft voice out of politeness4. Which of the following statements is true? A. Nadia was better at maths than other students. B. Nadia found some of the maths questions difficult. C. Nadia was encouraged to answer questions in class. D. Nadia understood the maths teacher better than other teachers. 5. What is the message of the story? A. Talking about something familiar gives you confidence in communication. B. Answering questions in class makes you better understood by classmates. C. Language plays an important role in communication between cultures. D. Mathematics helps to improve communication between cultures. 解析 1D推理判断题。根据文章前一部分可知在Nadia去上学的第一天一句话也不说，以至于Kate以为她不懂英语。而事实上她的英语非常好，再从第三段Nadias voice was a whisper可知，她是一个腼腆的女孩。 2丸词义猜测题。根据下文She couldnt understand why可推断出应选A项。 3C推理判断题。Kate不明白那位男同学说的是什么，很显然她没见过计算机。 4丸根据最后二段内容可推知答案。 5A.从文章最后一段可以看出，谈论她熟知的事情使她充满了自信。在该故事中，Nadia在交际过程中实际上并没有什么语言方面的障碍，所以本题最大的干扰项C不可选。 考题6(典型例题春季，E) Children have their own rules in playing gamesThey seldom need a referee(裁判)and rarely trouble to keep scoresThey dont care much about who wins or loses，and it doesnt seeln to worry them if the game i