Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes.doc

Unit 2 Civil-Rights HeroesDetailed ReadingI. Difficult Sentences1.Josiah Henson was a man of principle.Paraphrase the sentence.(=Josiah Henson observed/followed moral principles.)2.I had traveled here to Hensons last home now a historic site that Carterformerly directed to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, anAfrican-American Moses.1) Who wasMoses?(=In the Old Testament, Moses was the Hebrew prophet and lawgiver who led theIsraelites out of Egypt.)2) Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?(=Henson, a black who lived in America,helped other blacks escape from the US.)3.Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and womenwho together forged the Underground Railroad, .What is thepart of speech of but in this sentence? And what does butmean? (=Here but is an adverb, which means “only”. )4.Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buyhis freedom.Translate thesentence into Chinese.(=后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。)5.In Kentucky,where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead oralive.Paraphrase thesentence.(=In Kentucky, anyone who captured him, nomatter he was dead or alive, would be rewarded $1000 and now he was going to Kentucky.)6.There was room for all but two.What does butmean? What is the part of speech of but in this sentence?(=Here but is a preposition, which means “except”.)7.The others made it to the Ohio shore,where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station”on the Underground Railroad the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada.1) What does madeit mean?=Make it means “succeedin doing something”. Here made it means “arrived (at the Ohio shore)”. 2) What does leg mean?=Leg means “a stage of a journey or course”. For example, the last legof the flight (飞行中的最后一段路程). 8.Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, .What is aQuaker?(=A Quaker is any member of the Society of Friends, a religious group establishedin Englandin the 1650s by George Fox. They were originally called Quakers because memberswere thought to “quake” or shake with religious excitement. Quakers worshipChrist without any formal ceremony or fixed beliefs, and their meetings ofteninvolve silent thought or prayer. They are strongly opposed to violence andwar, and are active in education and charity work.)9.Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in hisowners regard.1) What does lot mean in this sentence?(=Lot means “ones fortune in life,fate”.)2) Paraphrase “rose far in his owners regard”.(=He was regarded highly by his owner.)II. Words & Expressionsbreeze: n. - Agentle breeze blew over the garden. - 凉爽清新的微风(=acool, refreshing breeze)NB: All ofthe following words are related to wind. Can you match them with theirdefinitions?hurricanea strong, abruptrush of wind (=gust)gusta verystrong wind (=gale)galea severetropical cyclone, usu. involving heavy rains (=hurricane)tornadoa rotatingcolumn of air (=tornado)slender: adj. 1. (ofpeople) slim; not very wide but comparatively long or high- slenderfingers - aslender waist - 有苗条身材的女子 (=awoman with a slender figure)2. (ofthings) slight; inadequate - aslender income - 渺茫的希望(=slenderhopes)CF: slender,thin & slim这几个词都有细小、瘦弱之意。slender主要表示苗条之瘦，往往含有瘦得好看或匀称的意思。例如：- Filmactress Zhang Ziyi is a slender woman. (=电影演员章子怡身材苗条。)- Whenthe wind blows, the slender tree bends but never breaks. (=起风时，细长的树常被吹弯但决不会被吹断。)thin 表示人或物的直径与长度的比例较小。例如： - Peopleusually get thinner after an illness. (=生病后，人们通常变得瘦一些。)- Thismetal may be thin but is of great strength. (=这种金属虽然很薄，但强度却很高。)slim 用于指人与动物时，其含义与 slender 相同，但在引申意义上却侧重于贫乏和不足状态。例如：- As aslim boy, he has now filled out. (=他原是一个清瘦的男孩，现在胖多了。)- Totell you the truth, your chances to pass the exam are too slim. (=实话告诉你，你考试过关的希望实在是太小了。)stand up for: speak, work, etc. in favor of sb./sth.; support sb./sth - Dontbe afraid to stand up for your rights. - 我所有的朋友都会支持我。 (=Allmy friends will stand up for me.)standup to: to oppose fearlessly; to bear, tolast- Asoldier must stand up to the danger. (=士兵必须敢于面对危险。)- 你的论点根本经不起仔细检查。(=Yourargument just wont stand up to close scrutiny.)historic: adj. famous or important in history - ahistoric spot- 两位领导人的具有历史意义的会见(=ahistoric meeting between the two leaders)CF: historic& historical这两个词都是形容词，都有“历史上的”之意。historic泛指历史上有名的或富有历史意义的。例如：- Thischange in government is a historic event of our times. (=这项政府变革是当代具有历史意义的大事。)- Thesigning of The Declaration of Independence was a historic occasion. (=独立宣言的签署是具有历史意义的事件。)historical主要意思是属于历史的，历史上的，与历史有关的，真实的而不是传说中的。例如：- Hegave all his historical papers to the library. (=他把他所有的历史资料都赠送给这个图书馆。)- Thereis a historical society in our university. (=我们大学有一个历史研究所。)mission: n. particular task or dutyundertaken by an individual or a group- Mission accomplished. (=任务已完成。)- 代表团成功地完成了使命。(=Thedelegation completed its mission successfully.)- 炸毁那座桥梁的任务未能完成。(=Themission to blow up the bridge failed.)Collocation：carryout / perform a mission 执行任务 fulfilla mission 完成使命 cancela mission 取消一项任务forge: v. 1.create by means of much hard work- Theirfriendship was forged by shared adversity.- 他们和法国共产党建立了联系。(=Theyforged links with the French Communist Party.)2.make a forgery or counterfeit - Hegot the money dishonestly, by forging his brothers signature on a check.- 伪造签名(=forgea signature)be intent on doing sth.: be eager and determined to do sth. - Hewas intent on the job he was doing. - 他决心去法国继续深造。(=Heis intent on going to Franceto continue his studies.)close in (on/around): come near to, esp. in order to attack from several directions; surround- Thepeople were trapped when the enemy army began to close in on them. - Nightis closing in. conviction: n. firm opinion or belief - Sheexpressed her firm conviction that television was harmful to children.- 她坚信她是对的。(=Shehad a firm conviction that she was right.)Collocation：alifelong conviction 终身的信仰 politicalconviction 政治信念 strengthen/deepenones conviction that 增强/加深某人的信念impose: vt. 1.place (a penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb./sth.- Newduties were imposed on wines and spirits. - 征收进口税(=imposea tax on imports)2. tryto make sb. accept (an opinion or a belief) - Sheimposed her ideas on the group. - Imust perform the task that has been imposed on me.disguise: vt. give sb./sth. a false appearance - Hedisguised himself as a woman. - Thesoldiers disguised themselves by wearing white garments in the snow. - 这一事实是无法隐瞒的。(=Itis impossible to disguise the fact.)abolish: vt. end the existence of (a law, custom, system, etc.)- Thedeath penalty is to be abolished before the end of this year.- 废除奴隶制(=abolishslavery)- 坏的风俗应当废除。(=Badcustoms should be abolished.)compel: vt. make (sb.) do sth.; force- Dutycompelled the soldiers to volunteer for the mission. - 大雨迫使我们呆在屋内。(=Theheavy rain compelled us to stay indoors.)Collocation：compelsb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事becompelled to (do)不得不（做）at risk: threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc.; in danger- Thedisease is spreading, and all children under five are at risk.Collocation：at allrisks (=at any risk)无论冒什么危险；无论如何at therisk of 冒之险；不顾之风险pass for: appearlike; be accepted or looked upon as (same as pass as)- Hecan pass for a Frenchman. - Icant imagine how this place passes for a five-star hotel.- 他被认为是个医生。(=Hepasses for a doctor.)- 他被误认为是个有学问的人。(=Hepasses for a learned man.)After Reading Useful Expressions微风 agentle breeze 支持 standup for有原则的人 a man ofprinciple 历史遗迹 ahistoric site解放奴隶 liberateslaves 决定要做某事 be intent ondoing sth. 轻轻的敲门声 asoft knock 铸铁 ironmolding 传播消息 spreadthe news 宗教信仰 religiousconvictions 寻得庇护find refuge 下一段行程 next legof the journey 主要路线 principalroutes面临危险 facerisks 课以罚金 imposea fine 记录 keepa log of 路标 roadsigns 出殡队伍 afuneral procession 未开垦的土地 a virgin land在（某人）看来 in the eyes of(sb.)After Reading Sentence Translation1.Carters devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it isabout family honor.