届高考英语 通用题型考前指导与仿真模拟系列资料 单项填空指导（教师版）.doc

2013届高考英语 通用题型考前指导与仿真模拟系列资料 单项填空指导（教师版）（一）动词考点显然动词考点是单项选择题的重中之重。与动词有关的题权重占了41%，计107道题。 1.动词的非谓语形式；2.动词的时态和语态； 3.情态动词与虚拟语气；4.动词（短语）的辨析。 （二）句法考点句法考点是单项选择题考查的重点。与句法有关的题其权重为四分之一，计65道题。1.主从复合句（名词从句、定语从句、状语从句）及连词；2.特殊句式（强调句、省略句、倒装句、祈使句及反意问句）。（三）其他考点 以下这些也是单项选择题考查的重点。其它考点计89道题，其权重为34%。1.形容词和副词用法；2.情景交际； 3.代词用法；4.介词(短语)用法； 5.名词用法；6.冠词。注：主谓一致偶尔考到。纵观17套试题的单项填空题，我们可以得出这样的结论：单项填空题考查的重点突出，考查知识覆盖面广（除湖北卷只考词义辨析）。以下我们以2012年（课标卷）为例进行具体分析。21.Which one of these do you want? Either will do .A. I dont mind B. Im sureC. No problem D. Go ahead22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step .”A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed24.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what25. I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. althoughC. since D. unless26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much .A. the best B. bestC. better D. the better27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can_ almost every word her teacher says. A. put out B. put down C. put away D. put together28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit29. This restaurant wasnt_ that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustntC. shouldnt D. neednt31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.A. swim B .swumC. swam D. had swum34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. so B. orC. and D. but35. If she doesnt want to go, nothing you can say will her.A. persuade B. promiseC. invite D. support考点题 号解 析答案动词考点非谓语动词28“名词+非谓语动词”构成独立主格结构。“weather permitting”=“if weather permits”。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会就在花园举行。A32“compare A to B”的变形。“when compared to”=“when film is compared to”。句意：尤其是跟诸如音乐、绘画这样的艺术形式相比，电影的历史要短得多。D时态和语态23上下文讲的是哲理性的话，上文用的是一般现在时，下文回答时也用同样时态。不要受“Granny used to say”的影响，因为是直接引语。句意：奶奶过去常常说：生活就像在雪地中行走，因为每一步都能看见。C33分析句子结构我们可以发现，整个句子是并列句，所以空格处不能用非谓语动词，故排除B选项；根据上文句子的时态排除A选项；上文用的是过去完成进行时，很显然“swim”应该发生在其后，故用一般过去时。句意：我做数学做了整整一个下午，这些数字弄得我眼花缭乱。C情态动词30根据下文“at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house（每天早上六点有火车从我家附近驶过）”所以我没有必要用时钟叫醒我。D动词（短语）27“put down”有“write down（记下，写下）”的意思。句意：玛丽确实擅长于记课堂笔记。她能够几乎把老师说的每一个字都记录下来。B35句意“如果她不想去，你说什么都没用”即“不能劝服她”。选用“persuade”A句法考点名词从句24“what”既要引导主语从句，又要在从句中充当宾语。句意：总统可能采 取什么样的行动来结束这次罢工人们根本就不清楚。D状语从句与连词25上下文存在逻辑上的“转折关系”。句意：我想我们以前没有见过面，不过我还是得说你看上去面熟（似曾相识）。B34考查并列连词的意义。上下文存在着逻辑上的条件关系，所以用“or”意为“否则的话”。句意：你得挪一挪位置，否则卡车过不去。B其它考点形容词和副词26貌似考查比较等级，实际上就是一搭配。so much the better 甚至更好，那就更好了。句意：结果对我们来说并不重要，但是如果我们确实赢了，那就更好了。D29考查形容词倍数比较的句型。表示倍数的词放在“asas”前。句意：这家餐馆不如我们去过的另一家餐馆一半好。A代词31上文中“Larry请Bill 和 Peter两个人与他一起去野炊”，下文中的“因为他们（指Bill 和 Peter两个人）有工作要做”，据此可以推断“他们俩”都不去。“两者都不”用“neither”。句意：拉瑞请比尔和皮特和他一起去野炊，但是他们俩都不想去，因为他们两个人有工作要做。C情景交际21根据下文“Either will do（两个都行）”说明“我不介意”。Im sure我确信。No problem没问题。Go ahead继续做。A冠词22第一空为特指，特指“已经画完的油画”。第二空为固定用语：with satisfaction（满意地），不用冠词。C二、命题探究命题探究是一个非常大的话题，要我们考生来探究其中的奥秘不可能，也没有必要。但是我们却完全可以从微观上来探究命题者是如何设置单项填空题的干扰因素的。所谓干扰因素就是指给解题设置一定的思维障碍，达到增加试题难度的目的，进一步提升高考试题的选拔性功能：对考生灵活运用英语语言知识的能力进行比较准确的甄别。干扰因素一：句型结构 在句型结构上做文章，运用某些命题手段（如：倒装、分隔、被动、强调、顺装、挪位等手段）来避开考生常见或非常熟悉的句子结构。Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad. (2012辽宁卷)A. he had considered B. had he considered C. he considered D. did he considerThe notice came around two in the afternoon _the meeting would be postponed. (2012江苏卷) A. whenB. thatC. whetherD. howHaving finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students. (2012江西卷)A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spokenIt is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work most. (2011陕西卷) A. who B. which C. that D. what【分析】如果去掉“It is”和空格“_”，我们就可以发现这是一个强调句：Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.考题是对两个并列的主语从句“Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do”进行强调。I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. (2012大纲卷)A. when B. than C. until D. afterIn our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. (2012四川卷)A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of themYou cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. (2007辽宁卷)A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking干扰因素二：思维定势利用“思维定势”命题来设置陷阱。所谓思维定势，指的是人们的一种思维倾向，它是人们在长期的思维过程中形成的一种思维条件反射英语学习中的思维定势，对于我们是有利也有弊的。其利在于：它可以帮助我们利用以前所学知识迅速联系所接触的语言现象，从而解决具体的语言实际问题；其弊在于：有时它会误导我们对于一些比较特殊的句子或语言现象，想当然的套用已形成的思维定势，从而导致我们得出错误的结论。Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. (2010上海卷)A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduceIn order not to be disturbed,I spent three hours _ in my study. A. lockingB. lockedC. to lockD. to be lockedWhich do you enjoy your spare time?Playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?A. spendingB. to spendC. spentD. spendIt was 10 oclock _ the front doorbell rang.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which答案：BBB干扰因素三：规则硬套“规则硬套”指不从语言实际出发，不考虑特定的语言环境，而是机械地套用语法规则，生搬硬套语法的条条框框，从而错误地作出选择。命题者正是利用考生的这一心理特点来设置题目的。First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. (2010北京卷)A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; aThat evening ,_ I will tell you more about later ,I ended up working very late. (2012大纲卷) A. that B. which C. what D. when Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets life has developed gradually. (2010福建卷)A. that B. where C. which D. whose利用上下文创设一个语境，在题干中不直接了当地将情景发生的时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地用上文或下文或是上下文来说明。此类题需要我们对语境进行正确推理才能做出正确选择，否则稍不注意就会错选。Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. (2012重庆卷) A. will take B. took C. had taken D. takeWe lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. (2012福建卷)A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited(原题)Has Sam finished his homework today?I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (2004全国卷)(改编)Has Sam finished his homework today? Yes. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done【分析】语境变化，答案不同。关键信息I have no idea和Yes。正确答案为CA。原题句意：“山姆今天做完作业了吗？”“我不知道。（我只知道）他今天 此类题把解题的关键信息隐藏得比“语境推理题”还要巧妙：解题的的关键信息既来源于题干，又游离于题干，即要我们理解“画外音”。Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.(2006陕西)A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra jobNext to biology ,I like physics _.(2012大纲卷) A .better B. best C. the better D. very wellWhen he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside. (2012上海卷) A. each B. every C. other D. another所谓“母语迁移”是指在第二语言即外语的习得过程中，学习者的第一语言即母语的使用习惯会直接影响第二语言的习得，并对其起到积极促进或消极干扰的作用。命题者往往利用“母语迁移”中的消极干扰作用这一点来设置陷阱。Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? (2012北京卷)A. at B. on C. to D. across 【分析】如果用汉语去套英语，必定误用介词on。其实答案为D。across含有from one side to another的意思。比如：back across指背宽。Excuse me,do you have the time?_.(2007福建卷)A. Yes,I doB. Of course, I haveC.A quarter to tenD. No problem1.Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now.OK. _ .（2004全国卷）. Take it easy B. Go slowlyC. Stay longer D. See you(按照中国人习惯，你可能要选或，而正确选项是D。)Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. (2004天津卷)A. seriouslyB. heavilyC. badlyD. hardly(按照汉语习惯，你可能要选A或，而正确选项是B。)干扰因素七：上行下效汉语中，人们常用“上行下效”来形容上面的人喜欢怎么做，下面的人便也跟着怎么做，常含有贬义的意思。这种情况反映到解单项填空题时，就是指考生往往会借助原题干的动词时态或结构来判断选项，结果造成错选。命题者正是利用这一点来设置陷阱的。 Mr.Gordonaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Dontyouforgetit!OK,I_.(2006重庆)干扰因素八：词义词形在题干的配备上做文章。四个备选项要么是“貌似神离” 即：四个备选项组成形式相似，但是意义相差甚远；要么是“貌离神似” 即：四个备选项组成形式不相似，但是意义用法很相近，不过有质的区别。I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me. (2012四川卷)A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 【分析】四个备选项组成形式及其相似，让人看得眼花缭乱。该题只要知道“that”是副词同“so”的用法一样：that/so + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），我们就可以轻而易举地选出正确答案D项。Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陕西卷) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure 1.还原句型把题干中的句型还原成我们比较熟悉的结构，答案便可一目了然。Was it by cutting down staff _ she saved the firm?No, it was by improving work efficiency. (2012上海卷)A. when B. whatC. how D. thatAs Jack left his membership card at home, he wasnt allowed _ into the sports club. (2012上海卷)A. going B. to go C. go D. goneDistinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友) from home and abroad. (2009江苏卷)A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended【解析】还原句型：Our alumni （校友） from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning. 答案为C项。Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江卷)A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. (2011辽宁卷)A. since B. as C. when D. than3.辨认句式分析题干中所给的句式，确认是否有特殊要求；对题干中句子结构进行分析，确认是简单句、并列句还是复合句。句式确认后许多问题就会很容易地解决。Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. (2012辽宁卷)A. will do B. has don