精读课：Unit 9 课件.docx

Unit 9 Globalizations Dual Power1. Theme : Globalization is a double-edged sword: a promise to help everyone and a peril to hurt everyone. 2.Structure:Part I (1-2): The author puts forward the topic-globalization and points out that it is a double-edged sword.Part II (3-17): The process of globalization and the positive effects of it.Part III (18-31): The negative effects of globalization.Part IV (32-34): Generalization about the role of globalization.3. Text Appreciation: Paragraph 1:P:At the edge of a new century, globalization is a double-edged sword: a powerful vehicle that raises economic growth, spreads technology and raises living standards in rich and poor countries alike, but also an immensely controversial process that assaults national sovereignty; erodes local culture and tradition and threatens economic and social instability. This is a typical introducing sentence, highly condensed yet conveys a huge amount of information: both positive and negative effects of globalization have been summarized by the author deliberately and comprehensively. Try to follow this pattern and give introducing sentences for the following topics. 总分式写法 （结论解释型） 1.Marketization 市场化 2.Liberalization 自由化 3. Democratization 民主化 4. Nationalization 国有化 5. Privatization 私有化 at the edge of: it means be very close to vehicle: here means sth. used to achieve sth. 工具，手段 e.g. Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. The play is an ideal vehicle for her talents. alike: (1) adj. very similar. (not before n.) e.g. My mother and I are in many ways. (2) adv. In a similar way./equally e.g. The twins are dressed . I benefit a lot from books and practice . assault national sovereignty: threaten national sovereignty 危害国家主权 assault: to attack erode, to destroy gradually e.g. Toms confidence has been slowly eroded by repeated failures.P: As the new century approaches, globalization means two different things. It can have both positive and negative effects. One the one hand, it can greatly increase economic production, spread new technology and improve the living standards in both rich and poor countries; on the other hand, it is highly controversial because it threatens national sovereignty, destroys local culture and traditions, and is likely to cause economic and social instability.Paragraph 3: in some respects: here respect means a particular aspect or detail of sth. e.g. in all/many/some respects In this respect we are very fortunate. in respect of sth. (fml.) 关于；就而言 e.g. money received in respect of overtime worked.trendy: (infml.) fashionable; of the latest fad or fashion. retard: v. to make the development or progress less slower n. (AmE.) (slang) a person who is stupid or who has not developed normally 弱智P: To some extent, globalization is not new. It has always been in the process of market expansion. What is new is the term “globalization”, which became fashionable only recently. Para 4: Cold war- a state of extreme hostility between countries with opposite political systems existing after WWII. “socialist group” “free world” (Warsaw Treaty Organization) NATO (headed by the Soviet Union) (headed by U.S) They fight each other not through shooting wars, but through fierce economic competition, as well as through political pressure and threats. During the Cold War, the U.S. fought for trade liberation partly in order to combat communism. champion: to fight for; to support or defend a principle, movement or person. e.g. He has always championed the cause of gay rights. combat: to fight against. e.g. combat crime/terrorism/inflation/disease/drug abuse. a succession of: a number of things or people following each other in time or order; a series of e.g. Last week we had a succession of visitors. The poor man had a succession of misfortunes. in succession 接连地 e.g. Victory followed victory in rapid succession. His words came out in quick succession. in succession (to) 继承 e.g. The eldest son is the first in succession to his fathers property. Paragraph 5: antidote: n. a chemical, esp. a drug, which limits the effects of a position. (fig.) a way of preventing or acting against sth. bad. e.g: an antidote for snakebite 毒蛇咬伤的解毒药 an antidote to boredom 解除厌倦的方法 an antidote against inflation 反通货膨胀的手段 P:Many far-sighted politicians in Europe regarded economic unification as a way to prevent nationalism, and now they also want to turn Europe into a political union. The development of technology also supports the political concern of unite Europe.favor: v. to be or tend to be in support of; to prefer; to treat better, esp. in an unfair way e.g. The warm climate favors many types of tropical plants. Many counties favor a presidential system of government. The teacher seems to favor beautiful girls. inflation: a persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money, caused by an increase in available currency and credit beyond the proportion of available goods and services 通货膨胀 ant. deflation 通货紧缩 monetary situation 银根 Paragraph 6:Q: What does this mean: “Now, this is becoming less true”? A: Nowadays countries are no longer viewed as distinct economic entities. disregard: not consider; to treat as unimportant multilateral: involving more than two groups or countries. credit: here means an amount of money placed by a bank at the disposal of a client, against which he may draw. 信贷Prefix multi-: from Latin, meaning“many, much, multiple, many times, more than one, composed of many like parts, in many respects” e.g:multicolored, multivitamin, multilateral, multinational mono-: from Greek, meaning “one, single, lone” e.g:monarch,monastery,monochrome,monogamy,monograph, monolingual, monotonous, monosyllable bi-: from Latin, meaning “twice, two”e.g:biennial, bisect, bicentennial, biped, bigamy, binoculars, bilateral, biweekly In some words referring to time periods, the prefix bi- has two meanings: “twice a+-” and “every two+-s”. Thus, biannual means both “twice a year” and “every two years”. tri-: from Latin, meaning “three” e.g. triatomic, trilateral quadri-: meaning “four” e.g. quadrilateral, quad penta-: from Greek, meaning “five” e.g. Pentagonsex-: from Latin, meaning “six” e.g. sexpartite octa-: from Greek, meaning “eight” e.g. octagon deci-: from Latin, meaning “ten”. e.g. decibel, deciliter poly-: from Greek, meaning “much, many” e.g:polyglot, polyandry (the custom of having many husbands) Asias 1997-1998 financial crises 亚洲金融危机flow: n. the steady and continuous movement of sth. in one direction. e.g:the flow of river/blood/information/refugees/goods. dwarf: v. to make sth. seem small by comparison.bond: n.a certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation guaranteeing payment of the original investment plus interest by a specified future date 债券 e.g. government bonds 国库券 equity investment 产权投资, 直接投资Paragraph 9: binge: n. (infml) a short period when you do too much of sth, esp. drinking alcohol 狂欢作乐，大吃大喝 e.g. Each holiday is a binge of eating and sleeping. vi. (on) To eat a lot of food in a short time. e.g. Whenever she is depressed, she binges on chocolates. to go on a binge: (infml.) to do too much of sth., such as eating, drinking, shopping e.g.He must have gone on a binge with his friends, because he is addicted to alcohol.cross-border: between countries. cross-: from one to another or between two things e.g. cross-culture, cross-state, cross-breed, cross-examination merger 兼并 n. (c) the act of joining together 2 or more companies or organizations to form one larger one. e.g. A lot of workers have been laid off as a result of the . merge: vt./vi A with B A and B together A and Bacquisition: e.g. They have made acquisitions in several EU countries. other meanings: e.g. theories of language acquisition The money will be spent on acquisitions for the university library. Para. 11 corporate conviction: a firm belief of corporations economies of scale 规模经济 stay abreast of=keep abreast of: to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subjectPara. 13: But it is not just multinational companies seeking bigger sales and profits that drive globalization. relentless: adj. (antonym-relenting) If sb is , he never stops being cruel,strict, determined, etc. e.g. struggle for social status and power. a king in oppression of citizens. relent: vi. to change your attitude and become less severe or cruel toward sb. 变宽容，变温和 e.g. I bumped into her on the street. At first she would shout at me, but she ed when she recognized me. hard-pressed: adj. having a lot of problems and not enough money or time（to do sth) 处于困境的，遭受巨大压力的 sb./sth. is to do sth.: it is difficult for sb. to do sth. e.g. Because of shortages, the emergency services were hard-pressed to deal with the accident. a widespread recognition: a general opinion; a general agreement; a general consensus hamstring: to cripple; to destroy or hinder the efficiency of e.g. The company is hamstrung by its poor management. fragmented: broken into parts e.g. a fragmented society. P: In Europe, the persistent and unremitting effort to turn all countries on the continent into a single market shows that there is a general agreement that if the European market remains divided into many small parts behind national borders, their companies will not be able to compete in the international market. Para. 14-15: clamor: a noisy outcry seek membership: to try to join; to apply for the membership engage: (fml.) vt. to win over or attract; to connect with or involve . e.g. His smile engages everyone he meets. WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织 Established in 1995 as a successor to GATT (General Agreement on Tariff and Trade). Above all, its a negotiating forum Its a set of rules And it helps to settle disputes China joined WTO on 11 December 2001 150 members on 11 January 2007. Para. 16:P: Despite its financial crisis, rapid trade expansion and economic growth sharply cut the number of the desperately poor. to cut the number: to reduce the number desperately poor: extremely poor P: In spite of the financial crisis, rapid increase of trade and economic growth drastically reduced the number of the very poor people. Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-Saharan Africawhose embrace of the world economy has been late or limitedfared much less well. sub-Saharan Africa: the African countries south of the Sahara Desert sub-: 1) below or under e.g. sub-Sahara; submarine 2) almost or nearly e.g. subtropical; subhuman; subconscious 3)less important or lower in rank e.g. subordinate; substandard 4)a smaller part of a whole e.g. subcontinent, subcommittee, subculture fare: (slightly dated) v. to get along; to turn out. e.g.The coal miners have fared badly in recent years because the coalmine is being worked out.reckon: to calculate; to think or expect. P: Meanwhile, Latin America and sub-Sahara Africa, whose integration with the world economy has been late and limited, were not so lucky. Para. 18: P: two problems could neutralize its potential benefits. neutralize: to offset; to negate; to make ineffective P: two problems could offset the possible benefits. This is the transitory sentence, and the following paragraphs are going to discuss the negative aspects of globalization. Para. 19: P:The global economy may be prone to harsher boom-bust cycles than national economies individually. be prone to: likely or inclined to do sth. e.g.The fierce competition makes students more prone to nervous breakdowns. boom: a period of sudden economic growth or prosperity as opposed to bust .There are many idiomatic pairs of nouns like boom and bust.e.g. She walked out, bag and baggage, and left him. (完全地, 连同行李地) I am all for it, body and soul. (全心全意) It was just a bread and butter job. (not very interesting) A new nation was born through the test of fire and sword. 杀人放火 We will never go to war against our own flesh and blood. They were bound hand and foot. Other examples: friend and foe; land and sea; heart and soul; part and parcel重要的部分; vice and virtue 善恶; skin and bone 皮包骨头; profit and loss; pins and needles（手、脚的）发麻 cloak and dagger关于间谍(电影或传说) Comment: Once integrated with the world market, nations will naturally be more vulnerable to the fluctuations of the world economy. The capital flows in and out of a country, for example, can create a boom or bust very quickly and with much harsher effects. Para. 20: P:The Asian financial crisis raised questions on both counts. count: (usu. pl.) n. a point made during a discussion or an argument 观点；问题；事项 on both counts: on both points under discussion e.g. I disagree with you on both counts. Q: “Both counts” refer to two questions, what are they? P: The Asian financial crisis brought these two questions to peoples attention: investment funds were not well used and trade flows became too lopsided. Para. 21: P:The ensuing spending boom in turn aided Europe, Japan, and the United States by increasing imports form them. ensue: (fml.) v. to happen as a result of sth. or immediately after sth. e.g. If the Middle East crisis is not resolved, terrible problems will ensue. in turn: in proper order or sequence 然后又 e.g. The government should respect peoples democratic rights, and the people in turn should obey government regulations. crony: a close friend or companion crony capitalism: an economic, political and social system controlled by a small gang of people bounded by private interests and based on favoritism inept: not effective; foolish; clumsy office buildings and apartments 写字楼和公寓房Para. 22:P:What prevented the Asian crisis from becoming a full-scale global economic downturn has been the astonishing U. S. economy. downturn: a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity Word-formation: adverb + n. e.g. upturn, downpour, downfall, uproar, input, output, outcome, outset, outlook, onrush P: It was the surprisingly vigorous growth of the U. S. economy that saved the Asian crisis from escalating into an all-round economic depression.Para. 23: current-account: an account of credits, debits, receipts, and expenditures between two countries 经常项目账目 balance of payments: the difference between a countrys imports and exports 国际收支 e.g. balance of payments surplus 国际收支顺差/盈余balance of payments deficit 国际收支逆差/亏损Para. 25: P:a slowdown or recession-reflecting a decline in the stock market, a loss of consumer confidence or higher interest rates-might snowball into an international slump.snowball into: to grow into; to escalate into; to develop into with escalating speed. Poor economic performance is usually described as:economic stagnation, a slowdown, a slackening, a downturn, a decline, a setback, a recession, a depression, a slump, or a crisis, roughly in the order of seriousness.Para. 26: gross domestic product: GDP 国内生产总值 C.f. GNP projection: forecast; estimate If the forecasts materialize-and the OECDs growth estimates for Japan exceed most private forecasts-they will restore some balance to the world economy and relieve fears of a global recession. materialize: to become actual fact; to come true relieve: to alleviate or to reducePara. 28: P:It remains possible that abrupt surges of global capital, first moving into Asia and then out, will have caused, with some delay, a larger instability. surge: a sudden and great increase. e.g. There has been a surge in house prices recently. P: It is still possible that sudden increase or withdrawal of the worlds capital, first moving into Asia and then out of it, will have made Asia more unstable.Para. 30: The street protesters at the Seattle meetingopposition to cross-border mergers. agenda: a list of things to be done a case against sth.: grounds for opposing sth. inspire: to stimulate; to create genetically modified food 转基因食品 nationalistic opposition: opposition based on your loyalty to your nations interests viewed as separate from international common interests P: The street protestersmay not have a common program or even well-reasoned case against free trade. But they showed clearly their worries and anger about globalization.Para. 32: irreversible: incapable of being reversed; impossible to return to a previous condition. e.g. Technology has had an irreversible impact on society. shield: v. to protect. e.g. The ozone layer shields the earth from the suns radiation. Several officials are accused of trying to shield the defendant.discriminate against sb.: to act on the basis of prejudice against sb. e.g. She felt she had been discriminated against because of her nationality. P: just because globalization on the whole occurred quite naturally as a result of better comm