BE动词和DO.doc

be是一个连系动词，它有自己不同的形式 现在时：be 进行时：being 过去时：was/were 过去分词：been 它的后面必须跟形容词或名词作表语，与之构成系表结构，充当句子的谓语。 i am a student主语：i 谓语：am a student（系表结构） being是它的现在进行时态，一般不单独用，而是用于现在进行时的被动语态。（being+动词过去分词） the bike is being repaired.单车正在被修理中。 it is being finished by him这正在被他完成中。 been是它的过去分词，也不一般单独使用，而是用于现在完成时、过去完成时以及需要它的句子。 i have been here for a long time.我已经到这里有一段时间了。 至于你的问题，这与你想表达的意思有关。 你的工作是什么？ what do you do? what is your job? 那么这里选用do和is有什么根据呢？ 第一句里面，第二个do是指你做什么，也就是你的工作，就是一个实义动词。按中文说，what you do已经足够了。可是英语里面就不行，必须跟一个助动词，也就是do. 这里就有了一个结论：当句子中有动词时，我们就用助动词do或是does.如果没有动词时，我们就选用is或是are，也就是b“Be”除了原形的“be”之外，还有另外七种形式：am, is, are, been, being, was, were. 在句子中，“be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb). 当主动词时，“be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The Complement)。例如： 1. The man is a science teacher. 2. Marys new dresses are colourful. 3. I have been there before. 4. Mother is in the kitchen now. 这四个都是陈述句，可以变成疑问句，方法简单，把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可： 5. Is the man a science teacher? 6. Are Marys new dresses colourful? 7. Have I been there before? 8. Is mother in the kitchen now? 当“be”要在祈使句中出现时，它必须借重助动词“do”或“dont”之助，如： 9. Dont be silly! 10. Do be obedient! 11. Dont be a fool! “Be”有两种缩写法，如下： 12. Hes not./He isnt. 13. Youre not./You arent. 但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个： 14. Im not. 有人用“aint”, 但这并不是标准英语。 谈过了“be”作主动词的功能，现在看看“be”作助动词时，有些什么用法： 1.“Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses)，如： 15. Tonys maid is washing his new car. 16. The children are playing in the field. 17. Samuel was eating when I came in. 18. We have been living here since 1959. 2.“Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态(The Passive Voice),如： 19. Her money in the drawer was stolen. 20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners. 21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America. 22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park? 23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom. 24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours. 25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with. 当陈述句的谓语是实义动词时，助动词do通常用于疑问句和否定句中。如：I go to school every day.我每天上学。Do you go to school every day?你每天都上学吗？I don”t go to school every day.我不是每天都上学。另外，助动词do还可用于强调句中，用于强调谓