强化班阅读判断讲义.doc

职称英语教材系列 强化班前 言l 职称英语等级考试介绍全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由国家人力资源和社会保障部专业技术人员管理司组织实施的一项外语考试，它根据英语在不同专业领域活动的应用特点，结合专业技术人员掌握和应用英语的实际情况，对申报不同级别职称的专业技术人员的英语水平提出了不同的要求。考试共分三个专业类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类。每个专业类别的考试各分A、B、C三个等级。A、B、C三个等级考试的总分各为100分，考试时间均为2小时。每个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难易程度不同。考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。1. 考试内容及试卷结构如下：题型材料内容答题要求题量分值第一部分词汇选项（四选一) 15个句子给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。1515第二部分阅读判断（三选一)1篇短文 (300450词.给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断(正、误、没有直接或间接提到.。77第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配). 1篇短文 (300450词.分两部分：1概括大意(6选4.；2完成句子(6选4.。88第四部分 阅读理解 (四选一)3篇短文(各300450词.每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。1545第五部分补全短文(选择搭配.1篇短文(300450词.短文中有5处空白，要求应试者通读短文并将移出的部分重新放回短文的相应位置(6选5.。510第六部分完形填空(四选一)1篇短文(300450词.短文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，要求应试者从中选出1个最佳答案。15152. 考试要求学员：级别阅读任务量词汇量语法阅读理解能力A3000词左右阅读任务6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语1. 考试不直接对应试者所掌握的语法知识进行考查，但应试者必须掌握基本的语法知识，主要包括：2. 英语句子的基本语序及其意义；3. 英语句子的结构和常用句型；4. 各种时、体的形式及其意义；5. 各种从句的构成及其意义；6. 句子中词语的所指、省略、替代、重复，以及句子之间的意义关系等。1. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；2. 了解阐述主旨的事实和细节；3. 利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义；4. 既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的意义关系； 5. 根据所读材料进行判断和推论；6. 领会作者的观点、意图和态度。B2600词左右阅读任务5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语C2200词左右阅读任务4000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语3. 职称英语考试词典的要求：职称英语考试是闭卷考，但允许考生携带词典进入考场。关于词典，国家有明确的规定，以下词典不允许带入考场： （1） 有职称字样的词典不要带入考场； （2） 针对职称英语考试编写的词典不能带入考场； （3） 电子出版物，即电子词典不能带入考场。 其它的词典国家没有明确的规定。因此建议尽量选择具备同义词、收词量相对较大的词典。提示：报名参加VIP保过班、豪华保过班的学员不要着急自购词典，我们会为您免费赠送纸质词典一本，通过快递方式邮寄。l 讲义使用说明强化班讲义的编写主要依据职称英语考试国家指定教材。授课老师会针对不同类别的文章内容进行全面系统的精讲，授课同时融合了老师对每个题型自己多年总结和积累的解题技巧和方法等，帮助学员在对教材中的重点文章有一个全面而深入了解的同时，提高综合分析和解题能力。通过强化班的学习，使学员对国家指定教材中的内容有一定的了解和记忆，且能在短时间内帮助学员得到综合阅读能力上的快速提高，为学员顺利通过考试、进行冲刺阶段的巩固学习打下坚实的基础。职称英语通过率居全国第一 目 录第三部分 阅读判断239Studies Show U.S. Spending Doesnt Get Health239Most Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease240TV Game Shows241American Sports242The Workers Role in Management243Food and Cancer244Stomach Ulcer245Smoking246Rescue Platform247Engineering Ethics248Red Meat Links to Higher Risk of Breast Cancer249Plants and Mankind250Brands251The Cold Places252The First Settlement in North America253Continuing Medical Education254Easy Learning255The Cold Places256The First Settlement in North America257Continuing Medical Education258Easy Learning259Micro-chip Research Center Created260Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention261Some Sleep Drugs Do More Than Make You Sleep262A New Start263“Own”Your Childrens Education264Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well266Will Hillary Be the Next American President?267A Dogs Dilemma268The National Trust269Lower Body Fat Means Better Performance271Inventor of LED272El Nino273Moderate earthquake Strikes England274Dangers Await Babies with Altitude276Irish Dolphins May Have a Unique Dialect277Computer Mouse278Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake279The Northern Lights281Biodiesel282Image Martian Dust Particles283Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy284First Self-contained Heart Implanted286Bill Gates: Unleashing Your Creativity287Center Launched to Fight Diseases288Beyond the Pap290阅读判断参考答案291 第三部分阅读判断阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后面都有七句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误还是在短文中没有提到。Studies Show U.S. Spending Doesnt Get HealthThe United States may spend twice as much on health care as other rich countries but it is not getting results to match, according to studies released on Tuesday.But in the study of five wealthy coutries, published in the journal Health Affairs, researchers found no single nation had clearly the worst or best health care system.Gerard Anderson at Johns Hopkins Universitys school of public health and colleagues came up with a list of 21 health fields they could evenly compare across the five countries Australia, Canda, Britain, New Zealand and the United States.“None of the five countries is consistently the best or the worst on all 21 indicators,” Anderson said during a telephone briefing for reporters.“If you are looking for the place to get the best care, there isnt a single place, Every country has at least one indicator where it scores the best of the five countries and each country has at least one indicator where it scores the worst of the five countries.”But, he said, the United States is not getting value for money. “The United States should be particularly concerned about these results, given that we spend twice as much on health care as any other country. So spending more doesnt necessarily result in better outcomes.”Andersons group of international health experts sponsored by The Commonwealth Fund spent five years working on the study, getting the latest possible data from the five countries on areas such as breast cancer and leukemia survival, suicide rates, death rates from asthma, vaccination rates and cancer screening.练习1. The U.S spends twice as much on health care as other rich countries. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned2. The U.S is the place where people get the best health care. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned3. Each year, the U.S. spends more money on health care than the previous one. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned4. The more a country spends on health care, the better care its people enjoy. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned5. The study involved 5 countries and lasted 5 years. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned6. The other four countries provide better health care than the U.S. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned7. The U.S. is determined to do something about its health care system. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentionedMost Adults in U.S. Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers. health policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population.” lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between 20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and me were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10year risk of heart disease, a large proportion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward, they add.练习1. The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned2. Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10year risk of heart disease. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned3. More than 100 thousand people participated in the survey. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned4. There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned5. The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned6. Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentioned7. The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk. A. rightB. wrongC. Not mentionedTV Game ShowsOne of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the “best seller” list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.This is the principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems .For instance, in the 1950s,quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the shows producers who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didnt like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal. Based on his story, a movie under the title “Quiz Show” is on 40 years later:Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they arent taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions. 练习：1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2.The principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3.Prizes and money for winners are usually provided by TV stars and large companies. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4.One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the shows producers to give him the answers beforehand. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5.The huge scandal of cheating on TV game shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie “Quiz Show”. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6.Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Winners of present-day TV game shows no longer get money from the shows. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentionedAmerican SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game. Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket. Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80, 000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur. Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing. 练习：1. Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. The professional baseball teams that play well are allowed to play in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Football can be classified as a spectator sport. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nation-wide university matches are held yearly. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentionedThe Workers Role in ManagementTraditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of laborthey have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.)Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning. At least 90 days-notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves. 练习：1. Traditional workers showed no interest in management. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the workers role in management with two major reasons. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Before closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it for 90 days. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. The workers participation in management might save a plant from closing down. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. An efficient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of his plant. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentionedFood and CancerMedical experts have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence that vitamins could reduce a persons chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the r