语法专题之非谓语结构课件.ppt

非谓语动词简述 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中 已经存在一个主句 谓语动词 又没有连词的情况下 还有别的动词出现时 Shegotoffthebus leavingherhandbagonherseat Shegotoffthebus butleftherhandbagonherseat 非谓语的分类 todo doing done非谓语的不同形式 todo不定式tobedoingtohavedonedoing现在分词havingdone过去分词 donehavingbeingdone 非谓语动词的句法功能 可充当成分 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 一 不定式 1 不定式作主语 Toloseyourheartmeansfailure Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither 2 不定式作宾语 Youneedn tbothertocomeyourself Theyareconsideringwhattodonext Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday afford promise refuse expect hope learn offer wish want fail plan agree forget like prefer decide manage try arrange determine desire Idon twant likeI mspeakingillofanybody butthemanager splanisunfair tosoundB tobesoundedC soundingD tohavesounded2 Ithinkyou llgrow himwhenyouknowhimbetter A likingB tobelikeC tolikeD tobeliking 1 A2 C 3 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheU S A thisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard 3 D 注意 1 介词but except besides otherthan todo时 介词前有行为动词do或其某种形式时 不定式要省去to 例Wedidnothingbut exceptwaitthen Theydidnothingbutcomplain Wehadnothingtodootherthanwait 2 某些特殊结构cannotbutdo只好做 candonothingbutdohadbetterdosthhavenochoicebuttodocan tchoosebutdocan thelpbutdowouldratherdoAthandoB 3 不定式作表语 Whatshewantstodomostnowis to travelabroad Themostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution 主语的内容或性质 HeistomarryRose 表按计划要做的事情 注意不定式符号to作表语时的省略 当主语部分有行为动词do 作表语的不定式to可省略 例 WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread 4 不定式作定语 Ineedapentowritewith CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant thewaytounderstandotherstheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish 注意 有 字结构havesthtodo如 Ihavesomeclothestowash Ihavesomeclothestobewashed 2 thefirst sb sth todosecondthird3 givemeaknifetocutwithpentohouseto工具 地点 writewith livein 5 不定式作宾语补足语 Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney 1 see watch notice observelookatmake let havehear listentofeel 吾看三室两厅一感觉 被动语态中加to sbdo 如 Iheardhimsingasongjustnow Hewasheardtosingasongjustnow Wemadehimcleantheclassroom Heismadetocleantheclassroom 2 五看 一室 两厅 一感觉find catch keep leave如 Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet Hewascaughtstealing Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime sb doing 3 主要动词 todotellsbtodopersuadesbtodoforbidsbtodoencouragesbtodoconvincesbtodorequiresbtodoforcesbtodobegsbtodowantsbtodoadvisesbtodoordersbtodoremindsbtodogetsbtodocausesbtodowarnsbtodoteachsbtodoinvitesbtodo 4 做主补的结构sbisrequiredtodo tobedoing tohavedonesaidbelievedknownconsideredfoundreported如 Heissaidtohavegoneabroad Heatisconsideredtobeaformofenergy 5 find it n adj todothinkfeelmakeconsiderexpect如 Wemakeitaruletogetupearly ShefindsiteasytolearnEnglish Myadvisorencouraged asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills A formetakingB metakingC formetotakeD metotake 6 不定式作目的状语 Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm Theathletespracticedhardtowinthematch 相当于用inorder not to soas not to引导的目的状语 1 Helenhadtoshout abovethesoundofthemusic A makingherselfhearB tomakeherselfhearC makingherselfheardD tomakeherselfheard2 Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately intimeforChristmas A inordertohavereceivedB inordertoreceiveC soastobereceivedD soastobereceiving 1 D2 C 3 moreaboutuniversitycourses call 920 746 3789 A TofindoutB FindingoutC FindoutD Havingfoundout4 Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust alookatthesportsstars A hadB havingC tohaveD have 7 不定式作结果状语 常用enoughtodo sufficient 足够的 todo onlytodo too todo so 形容词 副词 astodo such 名词 astodo引导Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway please Itriedthedoor onlytofinditlockedinside HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat 1 Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport only thefilmstarshadleft A totellB tobetoldC tellingD told2 Hehurriedtothestationonly thatthetrainhadleft tofindB findingC foundD tohavefound 8 不定式作原因状语 常放在表示心理感觉的形容词后Iamhappytoseeyou Shewassadtohearthebadnews Youweresillynot yourcar tolockB tohavelockedC lockingD havinglocked B 9 不定式的完成式 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作 Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished seem appear besaid besupposed bebelieved bethought beknown bereported等动词常用于上面句型 此外 glad happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed后也接完成时 但要注意与一般时的区别 I msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute 对不起 请稍等 说话时还未等 I msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting 对不起 让你久等了 说话时已等了很久 1 Idon tknowwhetheryouhappen butI mgoingtostudyintheU S A thisSeptember A tobeheardB tobehearingC tohearD tohaveheard2 IsBobstillperforming I mafraidnot Heissaid thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial tohaveleftB toleaveC tohavebeenleftD tobeleft 1 D2 A 1 Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople A haveitdoB haveitdoneC havedoneitD havingitdone2 We vemissedthelastbus I mafraidwehavenochoicebut ataxi A totakeB takingC takeD taken 1A2 A 10 不定式后动词的省略 动词love mean want hate like wish expect hope try intend plan refuse prefer seem及beglad pleased delighted happy to等后面接不定式时 为避免重复 常省略与上文相同的动词 只保留to不定式符号 1 WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight A Yes IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight B I dloveto butIhaveanexamtomorrow C No Iwouldn tD That sallright2 DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman Yes heintends A B toC soD that 句式wouldhavedone shouldhavedone oughttohavedone needn thavedone usedtobe 等省略形式为wouldhave shouldhave oughttohave needn thave usedtobe 要保留不定式后的be或have 例 Areyouasailor No butIusedtobe asailor 11 评注状语 tobehonesttotellthetruthtobefrank 不定式的主动表被动结构1 adj todo easy difficult heavy hardinteresting light 如 Theproblemiseasytosolve Themanisdifficulttogetonwith Theboxisheavytocarry wh todo如 Idon tknowwhattodonext tolet toblame toseek 如Thehouseistolet Thereasonisnotfartoseek 3 Hegivesmesomebookstoread There snothingtodo There snothingtobedone There snothingtosee There snothingtobeseen 现在没事干 现在没什么办法了 没东西值得看 看不见什么东西 二 动名词 充当成分 主语宾语表语定语 1 动名词作主语 Seeingisbelieving Playingchessisfun It snousewaitinghere 2 动名词作表语 Thenurse sjobislookingafterthepatients 请对比下面的句子 Thenurseislookingafterthepatients 2020 1 29 41 可编辑 3 动名词作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词 suggest finish avoid stop can thelp mind enjoy require practise miss escape pardon advise consider imagine keep appreciate permit如 Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows 注意 动名词复合结构Mycomingbackhomelatemademymotherangry Ican timagineGeorgesailingacrosstheoceaninaboat 2020 1 29 43 可编辑 下列动词短语接动名词 leaveoff putoff giveup lookforwardto feellike havetrouble difficulty in doingdevoteto getusedto payattentionto befondof beworth burstoutcrying keeponwring IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening 非谓语区别 trytodomeantodoregrettodotrydoingmeandoingregretdoinggoontoforgettodoremembertodogoondoingforgetdoingrememberdoingstoptodocan thelpdoingneeddoingstopdoingcan thelp to doneedtodo 1 wantdoingrequiredoingneeddoing2 beworthdoing nbeworthy ofbeingdoneof ntobedone 4 动名词作定语 动名词作定语时 动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系 动名词作定语表示事物性质特点asleepingbagasleepingcarawalkingstickareadingroom请对比下面 runningwaterdevelopedcountryasleepingboy IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening Iamsorryforhavingwastedsomuchofyourtime Hecameintotheroomwithoutbeingseen Hedeniedhavingbeenbeatenbyhisfather 5 动名词的时态和语态 doing beingdonehavingdone havingbeendone 1 Themaninsisted ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby A findB tofindC onfindingD infinding2 It snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp A TohavehadB HavinghadC HaveD Having 高考点击 1 C2 A 3 Ireallycan tunderstand herlikethat youtreatB youtotreatC whytreatD youtreating4 Hegotwell preparedforthejobinterview forhecouldn trisk thegoodopportunity toloseB losingC tobelostD beinglost 3 D4 B 三 分词 现在分词与过去分词 充当成分 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 一 现在分词 1 现在分词作状语 现在分词可在句中作时间 原因 伴随 条件 结果等状语 时间状语 分词作状语前面可加when while等 Hearingthegoodnews hejumpedwithgreatjoy 原因状语Seeingnobodyathome hedecidedtoleavethemanote 伴随状语Thegirlscamein followingtheirparents 结果状语Thepooroldmandied leavingnothingtohischildren 注意 现在分词作状语的几个特性 时间性 与谓语动词同时发生 用一般时 如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone 语态性 与句子的主语之间的关系 是主谓关系或动宾关系 遵循的规则 主动进行 被动完成 人称一致性 分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 Heglancedoverather thatthoughshewastiny sheseemedverywellputtogether notingB notedC tonoteD havingnoted2 theprogramme theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks NotcompletingB NotcompletedC NotcompletingD Nothavingcompleted 3 Themanager itcleartousthathedidn tagreewithus leftthemeetingroom A whohasmadeB havingmadeC madeD making4 Thestormleft alotofdamagetothisarea A causedB tohavecausedC tocauseD havingcaused 5 fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld A BeingseparatedB HavingseparatedC HavingbeenseparatedD Tobeseparated 2 现在分词作定语 1 Thepicture onthewallispaintedbymynephew A havinghungB hangingC hangsD beinghung 2 ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV therearepictures inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes A toformB formC formingD havingformed3 Theflowers sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature A tosmellB smellingC smeltD tobesmelt 二 过去分词 1 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语 相当于一个状语从句 用来说明原因 时间 条件等 1 过去分词作原因状语Tiredbythetrip hesoonfeltasleep Lostinthought healmostranintoacar 2 作时间状语Seenfromthehill thecitylookslikeagarden 3 作条件状语Givenmoretime Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem 4 伴随状语Theteachercamein followedbysomestudents 分词短语作状语时 通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为独立主格结构 如 Hergrandfatherbeingill shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim 1 withthesizeofthewholeearth thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall A CompareB WhencomparingC ComparingD Whencompared2 inthemountainsforaweek thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA HavinglostB LostC BeinglostD Losing 2 过去分词作定语 1 LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany as3M A knowingB knownC beingknownD tobeknown2 Thedisc digitally inthestudio soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight A recordedB recordingC toberecordedD havingrecorded 3 Theprizeofthegameshowis 30 000andanallexpenses vacationtoChina A payingB paidC tobepaidD beingpaid4 Therepairscostalot butit smoneywell A tospendB spentC beingspentD Spending 3 分词作宾补 1 跟分词作宾补的动词有 catch have get keep hear find feel leave make want start notice observe watch set等2 在复合宾语中 用现在分词作宾补 说明宾语是动作的发出者 形成逻辑上的主谓关系 用过去分词作宾补 表示宾语是动作的承受者 构成逻辑上的动宾关系 Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn tmakehimselfheard Whenheawoke hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman 如 1 Don tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth A runB runningC beingrunD torun2 Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents worriedB toworryC worryingD worry 3 Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow You vehadit oftenenough A explainingB toexplainC explainD explained 非谓语动词的其他考点 1 主语一致 1 Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists A doctorscametotheirrescueB thetallbuildingcollapsedC anemergencymeasurewastakenD warningsweregiventotourists 2 Whilewatchingtelevision A thedoorbellrangB thedoorbellringsC weheardthedoorbellringD weheardthedoorbellrings 2 with的复合结构 with 名词 doingtododone 1 Icouldn tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise A goingonB goesonC wentonD togoon2 andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease thepatientsoughtherdoctor shelptoendherlife A HavinggivenuphopeofcureB WithnohopeforcureC TherebeinghopeforcureD Inthehopeofcure 独立主格结构 功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中 其作用相当于一个状语从句 常用来表示时间 原因 条件 行为方式或伴随情况等 1 表示时间Themeetingbeingover allofuswenthome 开完会后我们都回家了 Herworkdone shesatdownforacupoftea 她干完了活 坐下来喝茶 2 表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable hemaysucceed 若条件有利 他或许能成功 3 表示原因Therebeingnotaxis wehadtowalk 没有出租车 我们只好步行 Hewrappedherupwithgreatcare thenightbeingdarkandfrosty 夜又黑又冷 所以他把她裹得严严实实的 4 表示伴随情况Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors silverbeingthebestofall 几乎所有的金属都是良导体 而银则是最好的导体 Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors andsilveristhebestofall 例如 常见的独立主格结构 1 名词 主格代词 现在分词 名词 主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系 如 Thegirlstaringathim Asthegirlstaredathim hedidn tknowwhattosay 姑娘两眼望着他 他不知道说什么好 Timepermitting Iftimepermits wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow 如果时间允许的话 我们明天去郊游 2 名词 主格代词 过去分词 名词 主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系 如 Theproblemssolved Astheproblemsweresolved thequalityhasbeenimproved 随着问题的解决 质量已经提高了 Herglassesbroken Becauseherglasseswerebroken shecouldn tseethewordsontheblackboard 由于眼镜摔坏了 她看不见黑板上的字 3 名词 主格代词 不定式 名词 主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系 且强调的是一次具体性的动作 如 Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane someoldpartstohelp 借助于一些旧零件 他要做一个飞机模型 Theysaidgood byetoeachother on