校本义(2) Microsoft Word 文档.doc

江苏省黄桥中学校M10U2本讲义（2）Reading1 expand vi./ vt. expansion n.1）使膨胀 Metals expand when they are heated. 金属遇热膨胀。2）扩张, 发展; The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. 这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了。Our students vocabulary expands through reading. 学生的词汇量通过阅读扩大。3）expand on/upon sth 详述， 详细阐明Could you expand on that point, please? 你能详细阐明那要点吗？2 commit vt. committed committed committing 1）犯(错误), 干(坏事) commit a crime犯罪 commit an error做错事 commit suicide自杀2）承诺, 保证 He would not commit himself in any way. 他不愿作任何承诺。 commit sb/oneself (to sth/doing sth) 专心致志于He is committing himself to working for the preventing the spread of Aids.3）commitment n. 承诺, 允诺 make a commitment to do sth 承诺做某事3 The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) defines intellectual property as ideas, which include inventions, writing, artwork, symbols and designs used in business. (P62) 分析句子结构：which非限制性定语从句；used in business过去分词做定语 翻译句子：世界知识产权组织(WIPO)将知识产权定义为智力创造成果, 包括发明, 著作, 艺术品和商业中使用的标志和设计。 define: vt. 定义; definition (n.) 定义; defineas 把定义为 对这个词下定义很难。Its hard to define this word. 翻译: Life imprisonment is defined as 60 years under state law. 按照州法律终生监禁定义为60年。4. Many countries are in legal straits now, as they had not passed laws to protect intellectual property until recently. (P62 L21-22) 分析句子结构：本句as引导的是原因状语从句；句中straits “困境、窘境”常指经济方面的困难局面。 翻译：许多国家目前正处于法律困境，因为他们一直没有保持知识产权的法律，直到最近才通过了有关法律。 那家公司正处于严重的财务困境。 The company is now in terrible financial straits.5. However, in everyday life, we are now faced with decisions about how to respect intellectual property rights.(P63 L 32) 翻译：但是在日常生活中, 我们现在面临着如何保护知识产权的决定.face: vt 面对 If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it.如果你面临问题，或者问题和你面对面，你只好处理它。 This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers. 这是在职母亲面临的许多问题之一。be faced with 面对 你面临着一个艰难的选择。Youre faced with a very difficult choice there.高考链接：( ) _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. FacingWord study6 offence= offense n.C违反，罪； U,伤害人的感情; 攻击 _ offend _ v. 犯罪, 得罪, 使.不愉快; _ offensive _ adj. 冒犯的，攻击性的；讨厌的短语：触怒, 得罪 give/cause offence to生气，不高兴 take offence 他违反了法律。He committed _ an offence _ against law. 她动不动就生气。_ She is quick to take offence. The doctors advice gave offence to his patient. 医生的忠告使他的病人不高兴。 In most countries, it is an illegal _ to pour dangerous chemicals into lakes and rivers.A. offence B. defence C. fence D. preference7. identify vt. 认定; 识别; 鉴定 _ identifiable _ adj. 可以确认的; _ identification _ n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明; _ identity _ n. 身份 短语： 把视为与等同：identify sb.(sth.) with 我识别不出这个是谁的签字。I cannot identify this signature. 你不应该认为财富就等同于幸福。You shouldnt identify wealth with happiness. After years of research, scientists have _ the virus that is responsible for the disease. A. distinguished B. identified (此处：发现) C. realized D. recognized( ) _ many witnesses and much evidence, the police could not _ the criminal. A. In spite of; realize B. Because of; tell C. Although; recognize D. Despite; identify8. classification n. 分类； _ classify _ v. 把分类/分级；把归类 _ classified _ adj. 可分类的 classifiable /_ classify _ adj. 分类的 We will _ these subjects under three topics so that we may find it easier to discuss them. Do you understand the system of _ classification _ used in a university library? 短语：将归类为: classify sb./sth. as; 把分成：classify sb./ sth. into I classified my books by subjects.我把书按照主题分类。 Would you classify her novels as serious literature or a mere entertainment? 你将她的小说归属文学类，还是通俗读物类？ Children in school are _ into grades, according to how much they know.A. combined B. listed C.classified D. catalogued 9. accuracy n. 精确，准确_ adj. 正确的，精确的accurate It was impossible to state with _ the number of the injured in the flood. He is _ in what he says and does.短语： 正确地: with accuracy; 在上正确无误: be accurate in / at 他的判断正确无误。He is accurate in his judgment. They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file. 他们怀疑档案信息的正确性。 It is impossible to say with any accuracy how many are affected. 无论如何也说不准受影响的有多少。10. aboard adv./ prep. 在船(或飞机,车)上;上船(或飞机,车) 注意: on board = aboard ; aboard abroad (adv.往国外, 到处, 海外) All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘客皆落入河中。 他们是最后两位上船的。They were the last two to go aboard the ship. 11. regarding prep. 关于 _ v. 认为 regard注意: regarding (prep.) = as regards / concerning 我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。I wrote a letter regarding my daughters school examinations. 关于你的要求，她什么也没说。She has said nothing regarding your request.The company is being questioned as regards its employment policy. 关于这个公司的就业政策正受到质疑。Word power & project1.spy1) vt: 暗中监视；侦察出；发现Therefore , when I spied the tin on the class monitors desk, I lifted the lid and took some money, putting it in my overcoat. 当我发现班长桌子上的金属盒时，我打开盒盖，拿了一些钱放到我外衣的口袋里。2) vi. 暗中监视，侦察 spy on/upon sb暗中监视某人 spy into sth 侦察某事3) n. 间谍；密探 Its a dangerous thing to be a spy. set spies after /upon 派密探监视2.apply v.1) apply (to.) for 申请; 请求, 接洽2)apply oneself to 致力于, 集中精力做某事 3)apply sth. to 把.施于.; 把.运用于.4)applied adj. 应用的 application: n. 适用; 应用 applicant n. 申请者applied mathematics/science 应用数学/科学 the application of this research in the treatment of cancer 这项研究运用到癌症的治疗上3.deserve v. 值得；应受；应该得到1) These people deserve our help. 这些人值得我们帮助。/deserve attention /sympathy 值得注意/同情2) deserve to be rewarded / punished 该奖/罚= deserve rewarding/ punishingIf someone spends his or her time, effort and money writing a book, he or she deserves to be paid for it, even if it is just a draft.如果有人化时间、精力、钱来写一本书，即使只是草稿，他或他也值得他人为此付费。4.draft n.草稿, 草案, 草图 vt.起草, 为.打样；选拔, 征召the first draft 初稿 a draft for/ of a speech draft a bill 起草法案 be drafted into the army 应征入伍5. enforce vt.强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强 The police enforce the law. 警察执法。enforce sth on sb. 强迫- enforced/compulsory education 强迫教育, 义务教育6.further 1)adv. （距离、时间上）更远地（= farther） Its not safe to go any further /farther.2)adv. 进一步地，而且The police decided to investigate further. 警察决定进一步调查。Further/Furthermore, it is important to consider the cost of repairs. 而且考虑修理成本是很重要的。3)adj. 较远的，更远的（=farther）；进一步的，更多的at the farther end of the room 在屋子的那一头 further education/study深造，进修They need further help. 他们需要更多的帮助。想想你更小的时候，回忆一下你的童年。 Think farther back into your childhood. 博物馆现在闭馆，开馆时间另行通知。 The museum is closed until further notice.4) vt. 促进，增进To help further the fight against piracy, people should buy CDs and DVDs in trustworthy shops instead of downloading them illegally or buying pirated versions.为帮助反盗版斗争更加深入，人们应该在值得信赖的商店购买CD和DVD，而不是非法下载或者购买盗版版本。7.charge v./n. 控告；要价；充电charge sb. with sth = accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人犯了罪Shes been charged with murder. 她被指控杀人.charge sb