计算机实验报告-网络诊断.doc

计算机学院实验报告 课 程 计算机网络 实验名称 网络诊断 实验地点 专 业 班 级 学 号 学生姓名 一、实验目的 通过实验掌握网络诊断的一些常用方法，了解网络协议特别是TCP/IP协议基本知识。二、实验内容：网络诊断工具： 开始-运行-输入CMD然后回车-进入命令行状态-输入网络诊断命令,如果输出太长,可以用管道输出到一个文本文件中. 例如: C:NETSTAT T1 / 结果输出到文本文件中,然后, 用EDIT T1 可以打开该文件.三、实验环境 工作站：WINDOWS 2000 PROFESSIONAL连通校园网，并可以访问INTERNET四、试验过程与运行结果 1. 了解媒体访问层(MAC):输入: ipconfig/all 观察输出结果Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : 3a Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : NoEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8139/810x Family Fast Ethernet NIC Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-1D-0F-19-8B-76 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 6 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2011年9月1日 10:40:01 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2011年9月1日 22:40:01 ipconfig/release 释放当前通过DHCP获得的IPWindows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ipconfig/renew 释放当前通过DHCP获得的IP并重新获得一个IPEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : ipconfig/displaydns 显示DNS缓存的记录.Windows IP C Record Name . . . . . : 27.. Record Type . . . . . : 12 Time To Live . . . . : 599941 Data Length . . . . . : 4 Section . . . . . . . : Answer PTR Record . . . . . : localhost - Record Name . . . . . : Record Type . . . . . : 5 Time To Live . . . . : 47 Data Length . . . . . : 4 Section . . . . . . . : Answer CNAME Record . . . . : localhost - Record Name . . . . . : localhost Record Type . . . . . : 1 Time To Live . . . . : 599941 Data Length . . . . . : 4 Section . . . . . . . : Answer A (Host) Record . . . : 2. NETSTATnetstat -a 显示建立在一个接口上的各种TCP和UDP会话Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP 3a:ftp 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:http 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:epmap 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:microsoft-ds 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:1026 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:1027 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:8888 3a:0 LISTENING TCP 3a:netbios-ssn 3a:0 LISTENING UDP 3a:microsoft-ds *:* UDP 3a:isakmp *:* UDP 3a:3456 *:* UDP 3a:ipsec-msft *:* UDP 3a:ntp *:* UDP 3a:1450 *:* UDP 3a:1499 *:* UDP 3a:3456 *:* UDP 3a:ntp *:* UDP 3a:netbios-ns *:* UDP 3a:netbios-dgm *:* UDP 3a:1958 *:* UDP 3a:1959 *:* UDP 3a:4605 *:* UDP 3a:51080 *:*netstat -e 显示以太网统计数据,包括有问题的数据包Interface Statistics Received SentBytes 103785209 2556808Unicast packets 8421 13107Non-unicast packets 144116 199Discards 0 0Errors 0 0Unknown protocols 198netstat -r 显示本地路由表的内容IPv4 Route Table=Interface List0x1 . MS TCP Loopback interface0x10003 .00 1d 0f 19 8b 76 . Realtek RTL8139/810x Family Fast Ethernet NIC=Active Routes:Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 10 20 1 10 10 20 10 55 20 55 55 10 10 20 10 10 20 55 55 10 10 1Default Gateway: =Persistent Routes: Nonenetstat -s 显示每个协议的统计数据ICMPv4 Statistics Received Sent Messages 351 333 Errors 0 2 Destination Unreachable 68 0 Time Exceeded 106 0 Parameter Problems 0 0 Source Quenches 0 0 Redirects 0 0 Echos 10 323 Echo Replies 167 8 Timestamps 0 0 Timestamp Replies 0 0 Address Masks 0 0 Address Mask Replies 0 0TCP Statistics for IPv4 Active Opens = 958 Passive Opens = 272 Failed Connection Attempts = 798 Reset Connections = 88 Current Connections = 0 Segments Received = 6445 Segments Sent = 4365 Segments Retransmitted = 1614UDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 135287 No Ports = 6418 Receive Errors = 157 Datagrams Sent = 7070IPv4 Statistics Packets Received = 146333 Received Header Errors = 0 Received Address Errors = 130411 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 0 Received Packets Delivered = 145202 Output Requests = 13412 Routing Discards = 0 Discarded Output Packets = 0 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 0 Reassembly Successful = 0 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 0UDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 135287 No Ports = 6418 Receive Errors = 157 Datagrams Sent = 70703. ping 可以使用 ping 命令发送 ICMP 回应请求消息并记录收到 ICMP 回应回复消息。使用这些消息，可以检测网络或主机通讯故障并解决常见的 TCP/IP 连接问题。I CMP 消息描述 回应请求： 确定 IP 节点（主机或路由器）能否在网络上使用。 回应回复： 回复 ICMP 回应请求。 无法访问目标： 通知主机数据报无法传递。 源减慢 ：通知主机由于拥挤而降低发送数据报的速率。 重定向： 通知首选路由的主机。 超时： 指明 IP 数据报的生存时间 (TTL) 已到期。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping Pinging 9 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 9: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=50Reply from 9: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=50Reply from 9: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=50Reply from 9: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=50Ping statistics for 9: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 11ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 11msC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=5ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Ping statistics for : Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 5ms, Average = 2msping -tPing 指定的计算机直到中断。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -t Pinging 2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=53ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=53ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=55ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=53ms TTL=50Reply from 2: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=50C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -t Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 timeping -a Pinging with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=58Ping statistics for : Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1msping-l length发送包含由 length 指定的数据量的 ECHO 数据包。默认为 32 字节；最大值是 65,527。C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -l 100 Pinging 5 with 100 bytes of data:Reply from 5: bytes=100 time=12ms TTL=50Reply from 5: bytes=100 time=12ms TTL=50Reply from 5: bytes=100 time=13ms TTL=50Reply from 5: bytes=100 time=12ms TTL=50Ping statistics for 5: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 12ms, Maximum = 13ms, Average = 12msC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorping -l 100 Pinging with 100 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=100 time=2ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=100 time=1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=100 time1ms TTL=58Reply from : bytes=100 timetracert Tracing route to over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms bogon 2 3 ms 1 ms 1 ms 45 3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 45 4 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 66 5