M5U5柯林斯词典(精简).doc

M5 U5Collins Senior English-Chinese Dictionary柯林斯高级英汉双解词典M5 Unit 51. aid /ed/ ( aids, aiding, aided, to aid )1. N-UNCOUNT Aid is money, equipment, or services that are provided for people, countries, or organizations who need them but cannot provide them for themselves. 援助例：.regular flights carrying humanitarian aid to Cambodia.向柬埔寨运送人道主义援助的定期班机。例：They have already pledged billions of dollars in aid.他们已经承诺了数十亿美元的援助。2. N-UNCOUNT If you perform a task with the aid of something, you need or use that thing to perform that task. 帮助例：He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.借助于一个他所发现的全新方法，他取得了成功。3. V-T To aid a country, organization, or person means to provide them with money, equipment, or services that they need. 援助例：.U.S. efforts to aid Kurdish refugees.美国援助库尔德难民的努力。-aided COMB in ADJ援助的例：.government-aided research.政府援助的研究。4. V-T To aid someone means to help or assist them. 帮助WRITTEN例：.a software system to aid managers in advanced decision-making.一个帮助经理们做高级决策的软件系统。N-UNCOUNT Aid is also a noun. 帮助例：He was forced to turn for aid to his former enemy.他被迫向他以前的敌人寻求帮助。5. V-T/V-I If something aids a process, it makes it easier or more likely to happen. 促使; 有助于 (事情发生)例：The survey suggests that the export sector will continue to aid the economic recovery.该调查表明出口产业将继续促进经济复苏。例：Calcium may aid in the prevention of colon cancer.钙可能有助于预防结肠癌。6. PHRASE If you come or go to someones aid, you try to help them when they are in danger or difficulty. 向某人提供帮助例：Dr. Fox went to the aid of the dying man despite having been injured in the crash.尽管他自己在撞车事故中也受了伤，福克斯医生仍然去救助那个奄奄一息的男子。2. first aidN-UNCOUNT First aid is simple medical treatment given as soon as possible to a person who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill. 急救例：There are many emergencies which need prompt first aid treatment.有很多紧急情况需要迅速的急救治疗。3. temporary /tmprrli/ADJ Something that is temporary lasts for only a limited time. 暂时的例：His job here is only temporary.他在这儿的工作只是暂时的。例：Most adolescent problems are temporary.多数青春期的问题都是暂时的。temporarily ADV暂时地例：The peace agreement has at least temporarily halted the civil war.该和平协议至少已暂时中止了内战。4. fall ill 生病例：Individuals who are ill should delay travel plans and returning travelers who fall ill should seek appropriate medical care.患病的个人应当推迟旅行，处于归途的生病的旅行者应当寻求适当的医疗救助。5. injury /ndri/ ( injuries )1. N-VAR An injury is damage done to a persons or an animals body. 伤害; 损害例：Four police officers sustained serious injuries in the explosion.四名警官在爆炸中受了重伤。Note that when someone is hurt accidentally, for example, in a car crash or when they are playing sports, you do not use the word wound. You use injury instead. A man and his baby were injured in the explosion. Many of the deaths that occur in cycling are due to head injuries. In more formal English, injury can also be an uncount noun. Two teenagers escaped serious injury when their car rolled down an embankment. Wound is normally restricted to soldiers who are injured in battle, or to deliberate acts of violence against a particular person. .stab wounds2. N-VAR If someone suffers injury to their feelings, they are badly upset by something. If they suffer injury to their reputation, their reputation is seriously harmed. (对感情或名誉等的) 伤害LEGAL例：She was awarded $3,500 for injury to her feelings.她获得了3500美元的精神损伤费。3. to add insult to injuryPHRASE You say to add insult to injury when mentioning an action or fact that makes an unfair or unacceptable situation even worse. 更糟糕的是例： It is the victim who is often put on trial and, to add insult to injury, she is presumed guilty until proven innocent of provoking the rape.受到审问的往往是受害者，更糟糕的是，她被假定为有罪，直到证明强奸并非由她挑逗而引起。6. bleed /blid/ ( bleeds, bleeding, bled, to bled )V-I When you bleed, you lose blood from your body as a result of injury or illness. 流血例：His head had struck the sink and was bleeding.他的头撞到了洗脸池上，正在流血。例：He was bleeding profusely.他正大量流血。bleeding N-UNCOUNT出血例：This results in internal bleeding.这导致内部出血。7. nosebleed /nuzbli:d/ n. 鼻出血；衄血例：After his daughter found him and called an ambulance the old man died because of a respiratory tract clogged by a nosebleed.他女儿发现了之后赶紧叫了救护车，但是这位老人仍然因为鼻血堵塞呼吸道而窒息去世。8. sprain /spren/ ( sprains, spraining, sprained )1. V-T If you sprain a joint such as your ankle or wrist, you accidentally damage it by twisting it or bending it violently. 扭伤 (关节)例：He fell and sprained his ankle.他跌了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。2. N-COUNT A sprain is the injury caused by spraining a joint. 扭伤例：Rubin suffered a right ankle sprain when she rolled over on her ankle.鲁宾摔倒时身体压到了脚踝上导致右脚踝扭伤。9. sprained adj. 扭伤的10. ankle /kl/ ( ankles )N-COUNT Your ankle is the joint where your foot joins your leg. 脚踝例：John twisted his ankle badly.约翰的脚踝严重扭伤。11. choke /tok/ ( chokes, choking, choked, to choke )1. V-T/V-I When you choke or when something chokes you, you cannot breathe properly or get enough air into your lungs. 使窒息; 窒息例：A small child could choke on the dolls hair.小孩子可能会因玩具娃娃的头发而窒息。例：Dense smoke swirled and billowed, its rank fumes choking her.浓密的烟雾盘旋翻腾，刺鼻的烟味使她窒息。例：The girl choked to death after breathing in smoke.那位女孩吸入烟雾后窒息而亡。2. V-T To choke someone means to squeeze their neck until they are dead. (卡住喉咙) 使停止呼吸例：The men pushed him into the entrance of a nearby building, where they choked him with his tie.那些男人把他推进了附近一座大楼的入口处，然后在那里用他的领带将他勒死了。3. V-T If a place is choked with things or people, it is full of them and they prevent movement in it. 使阻塞 usu passive例：The villages roads are choked with traffic.那个村庄的道路被车辆阻塞住了。12. cupboard /kbrd/ ( cupboards )N-COUNT A cupboard is a piece of furniture that has one or two doors, usually contains shelves, and is used to store things. 橱柜例：The kitchen cupboard was stocked with cans of soup and food.厨房食橱里储存着一罐罐的汤和食物。13. skin /skn/ ( skins, skinning, skinned, to skin )1. N-VAR Your skin is the natural covering of your body. 皮肤例：His skin is clear and smooth.他的皮肤光洁滑润。例：There are three major types of skin cancer.皮肤癌有3大类。2. N-VAR An animal skin is skin which has been removed from a dead animal. Skins are used to make things such as coats and rugs. 兽皮; 毛皮例：That was real crocodile skin.那是真正的鳄鱼皮。3. N-VAR The skin of a fruit or vegetable is its outer layer or covering. 果皮; (蔬菜的) 外皮例：The outer skin of the orange is called the zest.橙子外层皮叫“橙皮”。4. N-SING If a skin forms on the surface of a liquid, a thin, fairly solid layer forms on it. (液体表面凝结的) 薄层; 薄皮例：Stir the custard occasionally to prevent a skin forming.不时搅动蛋奶沙司，以免凝结奶皮。5. V-T If you skin a dead animal, you remove its skin. 剥去的皮例：.with the expertise of a chef skinning a rabbit.具有大厨剥兔皮的专长。14. essential /snl/ ( essentials )1. ADJ Something that is essential is extremely important or absolutely necessary to a particular subject, situation, or activity. 至关重要的例：It was absolutely essential to separate crops from the areas that animals used as pasture.把庄稼与牲畜的放牧区分开至关重要。例：As they must also sprint over short distances, speed is essential.由于他们还必须疾速短跑，因此速度是至关重要的。2. N-COUNT The essentials are the things that are absolutely necessary for the situation you are in or for the task you are doing. 必需品例：The apartment contained the basic essentials for bachelor life.这套公寓配有单身生活的基本必需品。3. ADJ The essential aspects of something are its most basic or important aspects. 基本的; 重要的例：Most authorities agree that play is an essential part of a childs development.大多数权威人士认为玩耍是孩子成长的一个重要部分。4. N-PLURAL The essentials are the most important principles, ideas, or facts of a particular subject. 要素; 要点例：.the essentials of everyday life, such as eating and exercise.饮食、运动等日常生活要素。15. organ /rgn/ ( organs )N-COUNT An organ is a part of your body that has a particular purpose or function, for example, your heart or lungs. 器官例：.damage to the muscles and internal organs.对肌肉和内脏的损伤。例：.the reproductive organs.生殖器官。16. layer /ler/ ( layers, layering, layered, to layer )1. N-COUNT A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things. 层例：.the depletion of the ozone layer.臭氧层的损耗。2. N-COUNT If something such as a system or an idea has many layers, it has many different levels or parts. 层次例：Critics and the public puzzle out the layers of meaning in his photos.评论家和公众苦思冥想出了他照片中的层层含意。17. barrier /brir/ ( barriers )1. N-COUNT A barrier is something such as a rule, law, or policy that makes it difficult or impossible for something to happen or be achieved. 障碍例：Duties and taxes are the most obvious barrier to free trade.关税及其他各种税是自由贸易最明显的障碍。2. N-COUNT A barrier is a problem that prevents two people or groups from agreeing, communicating, or working with each other. 障碍; 隔阂例：There is no reason why love shouldnt cross the age barrier.爱情没有理由不应跨越年龄障碍。例：She had been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier between them.她一直在等着西蒙来破除他们之间的隔阂。3. N-COUNT A barrier is something such as a fence or wall that is put in place to prevent people from moving easily from one area to another. 栅栏; 围墙例：The demonstrators broke through heavy police barriers.示威者们冲破了警方的重重关卡。4. N-COUNT A barrier is an object or layer that physically prevents something from moving from one place to another. 屏障例：A severe storm destroyed a natural barrier between the house and the lake.一场猛烈的暴风雨摧毁了房屋和湖泊之间的天然屏障。5. N-SING You can refer to a particular number or amount as a barrier when you think it is significant, because it is difficult or unusual to go above it. (数量) 大关例：They are fearful that unemployment will soon break the barrier of three million.他们担心失业人数不久将突破300万大关。18. poison /pzn/ ( poisons, poisoning, poisoned, to poison )1. N-MASS Poison is a substance that harms or kills people or animals if they swallow it or absorb it. 毒药例：Poison from the fish causes paralysis, swelling, and nausea.这种鱼的毒素会引起瘫痪、肿胀、恶心。2. V-T If someone poisons another person, they kill the person or make them ill by giving them poison. 毒死例：The rumors that she had poisoned him could never be proved.说她毒死了他的谣言永远不可能得到证实。poisoning N-UNCOUNT投毒例：She was sentenced to twenty years imprisonment for poisoning and attempted murder.她因投毒和谋杀未遂而被判处了20年监禁。3. V-T If you are poisoned by a substance, it makes you very ill and sometimes kills you. 使中毒例：Employees were taken to the hospital yesterday after being poisoned by fumes.雇员们昨天在烟雾中毒后被送进了医院。poisoning N-UNCOUNT中毒例：.acute alcohol poisoning.急性酒精中毒。4. V-T If someone poisons a food, drink, or weapon, they add poison to it so that it can be used to kill someone. 在中下毒例：If I was your wife I would poison your coffee.如果我是你的妻子，我会在你的咖啡里下毒。19. ray /re/ ( rays )1. N-COUNT Rays of light are narrow beams of light. 光线例：The suns rays can penetrate water up to 10 feet.阳光的光线一直能透射到水下10英尺处。2. N-COUNT An X-ray is a picture made by sending X-rays through something, usually someones body. X光片例：She was advised to have an abdominal X-ray.她被建议拍个腹部X光片。3. N-COUNT A ray of hope, comfort, or other positive quality is a small amount of it that you welcome because it makes a bad situation seem less bad. 一丝 (希望、安慰等其他积极因素)例：They could provide a ray of hope amid the general economic gloom.他们能在普遍的经济低迷中带来一丝希望。20. complex ( complexes )形容词读作kmplks，有时读作kmplks。名词读作kmplks。1. ADJ Something that is complex has many different parts, and is therefore often difficult to understand. 复杂的例：.in-depth coverage of todays complex issues.对当今复杂问题的深入报道。例：.a complex system of voting.一套复杂的选举体制。2. N-COUNT A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas. 建筑群例：.a low-cost apartment complex.一个低价公寓楼群。21. variety /vrati/ ( varieties )1. N-UNCOUNT If something has variety, it consists of things that are different from each other. 多样化例：Susans idea of freedom was to have variety in her life style.苏珊对自由的理解就是拥有生活方式的多样化。2. N-SING A variety of things is a number of different kinds or examples of the same thing. (同一事物的) 一些不同种类例：West Hampstead has a variety of good stores and supermarkets.西汉普斯特德有几家不同的高品质商店和超市。例：The island offers such a wide variety of scenery and wildlife.这座岛屿有如此丰富多样的景色和野生动植物。3. N-COUNT A variety of something is a type of it. 品种例：Im always pleased to try out a new variety.我一直乐于尝试新的品种。22. liquid /lkwd/ ( liquids )N-MASS A liquid is a substance which is not solid but which flows and can be poured, for example, water. 液体例：Drink plenty of liquid.饮用大量液体。例：Boil for 20 minutes until the liquid has reduced by half.煮沸20分钟直到液体减少一半为止。23. radiation /redien/1. N-UNCOUNT Radiation consists of very small particles of a radioactive substance. Large amounts of radiation can cause illness and death. 辐射物例：They suffer from health problems and fear the long term effects of radiation.他们受健康问题的困扰，还担心遭受辐射造成的长期影响。2. N-UNCOUNT Radiation is energy, especially heat, that comes from a particular source. 辐射能 (尤指热能)例：The $617 million satellite will study energy radiation from the most violent stars in the universe.这个价值6.17亿美元的人造卫星将研究宇宙中活动最剧烈的恒星所发出的辐射能。24. mild /mald/ ( milder, mildest )1. ADJ Mild is used to describe something such as a feeling, attitude, or illness that is not very strong or severe. 轻微的例：Teddy turned to Mona with a look of mild confusion.特迪转向莫娜，脸上带着些许困惑。mildly ADV轻微地例：Josephine must have had the disease very mildly as she showed no symptoms.约瑟芬那时一定病得很轻，因为她没表现出什么症状。2. ADJ A mild person is gentle and does not get angry easily. 性情温和的例：He is a mild man, who is reasonable almost to the point of blandness.他是个性情温和、理智到了近乎呆板的人。mildly ADV温和地 ADV after v例：Im not meddling, Ken said mildly, Im just curious.“我不是在管闲事，”肯温和地说，“我只是好奇。”3. ADJ Mild weather is pleasant because it is neither extremely hot nor extremely cold. 温暖的例：The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.这个地区以其非常温暖的冬季气候而闻名。In informal English, if you want to emphasize how hot the weather is, you can say that it is boiling or scorching. In winter, if the temperature is above average, you can say that it is mild. In general, hot suggests a higher temperature than warm, and warm things are usually pleasant. .a warm evening.25. mildlyPHRASE You use to put it mildly to indicate that you are describing something in language that is much less strong, direct, or critical than what you really think. 说得委婉些例：But not all the money, to put it mildly, has been used wisely.但是说得委婉些，并不是所有的钱都用得很明智。26. pan /pn/ N-COUNT A pan is a round metal container with a long handle, that is used for cooking things in, usually on top of a stove. 平底锅例：Heat the butter and oil in a large pan.在一个大平底锅里加热黄油和食用油。27. stove /stov/ ( stoves )N-COUNT A stove is a piece of equipment which provides heat, either for cooking or for heating a room. 炉例：She put the kettle on the gas stove.她把水壶放在煤气炉上。28. heal /hil/ ( heals, healing, healed, to heal )1. V-T/V-I When a broken bone or other injury heals, or if someone or something heals it, it becomes healthy and normal again. 治愈; 痊愈例：Within six weeks the bruising had gone, but it was six months before it all healed.6周内青瘀已经消退了，可是伤在6个月后才完全愈合。2. V-T/V-I If you heal something such as a rift or a wound, or if it heals, the situation is put right so that people are friendly or happy again. 弥合例：We have begun to heal the wounds of war in our society.我们已经开始抚平战争带给这个社会的创伤。29. tissue /tu/ ( tissues )1. N-UNCOUNT In animals and plants, tissue consists of cells that are similar to each other in appearance and that have the same function. (动植物的) 组织 also N in pl例：As we age we lose muscle tissue.随着年纪的增大，我们会失去一些肌肉组织。2. N-UNCOUNT Tissue paper is thin paper that is used for wrapping things that are easily damaged, such as objects made of glass or china. (包装易碎物品的) 薄棉纸例：.a small package wrapped in tissue paper.一个小包裹，用薄棉纸包着。3. N-COUNT A tissue is a piece of thin soft paper that you use to blow your nose. 面巾纸例：.a box of tissues.一盒面巾纸。30. electric shock ( electric shocks )N-COUNT If you get an electric shock, you get a sudden painful feeling when you touch something connected to a supply of electricity. 电击31. swell /swl/ ( swells, swelling, swelled, swollen, to swell )The forms swelled and swollen are both used as the past participle.1. V-T/V-I If the amount or size of something swells or if something swells it, it becomes larger than it was before. 使增大; 增大例：The human population swelled, at least temporarily, as migrants moved south.随着移民们南移，人口便增加了，至少是暂时增加了。例：His bank balance has swelled by $222,000 in the last three weeks.他的银行存款在过去的3周里增加了$222,000。2. V-I If something such as a part of your body swells, it becomes larger and rounder than normal. (身体部位等) 肿胀例：Do your ankles swell at night?你的脚踝晚上会肿吗？PHRASAL VERB Swell up means the same as swell. 肿胀例：When you develop a throat infection or catch a cold the glands in the neck swell up.当你咽喉发炎或感冒时, 脖子上的腺体会肿起来。32. swollen /swoln/ADJ If a part of your body is swollen, it is larger and rounder than normal, usually as a result of injury or illness. 肿大的例：My eyes were so swollen I could hardly see.我的眼睛肿得很厉害，几乎看不见东西。33. blister /blstr/ ( blisters, blistering, blistered, to blister )1. N-COUNT A blister is a painful swelling on the surface of your skin. Blisters contain a clear liquid and are usually caused by heat or by something repeatedly rubbing your skin. (皮肤上的) 水疱2. V-T/V-I When your skin blisters or when something blisters it, blisters appear on it. 使起水疱; 起水疱例：The affected skin turns red and may blister.受感染的皮肤会变红，并可能起水疱。例：The sap of this plant