语法-主谓一致.doc

主谓一致一、 指导原则（语法一致，意义一致，就近原则）1、 语法一致原则名词中心句为复数，动词为复数名词中心句为单数或不可数，动词为单数Many people want to go.Each boy has his own book.Much effort is wasted.2、 意义一致原则形式上为单数，意义上为复数family class 这类由个体组成的集合名词作整体讲述把它看成单数，强调其个体成员是就把它看成复数含义（但本身并不加复数形式）His family is a big family.His family get on well with each other.注意：people, cattle, poplice 属于另一类集体名词，他们只有复数含义，没有单数含义。形式上为复数，意义上为单数Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.Two hours is a long time to me.One hundred dollars is enough.3、 就近原则Either my brothers or my father is coming.Either my father or my brothers are coming.Neither Julia nor I am going.Neither I nor Julia is going.二、 以-s结尾的名词作主谓一致问题1. 以-ics结尾的学科名称Physics，mathematics，politics，economics，通常做单数用：Physics is an important subject in middle school.Mathematics is the study of numbers.但若这类名称表示“学科”以外的其他意义，可做复数使用：The economics(经济意义) of the project are still being considered.2. 以-s结尾的地理名称如果是国家，如the United States, the United Nations（联合国）, the Netherlands(荷兰)，尽管带有复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用：The United States is a country of people with varied origins.In 1976, the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.若不是国名，而是群山、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用：The West Indies (西印度群岛)are divided into two parts.The Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉) have lots of plants and animals.The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉大瀑布) are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world. 3. 其它以-s结尾的名词scissors（剪刀）, glasses（眼镜）, shorts（短裤）, trousers（裤子）等单独使用，通常作复数Johns new trousers are black and white.如带有单位词，则由单位词的单、复数形式决定动词的单、复数形式。One pair of trousers is not enough.Two pairs of scissors are broken.三、 以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题1. 通常作复数的集体名词Police, people, cattle, sheep等，通常作复数People in our country are kind and warm.The cattle in this farm provide us with milk and beef.2. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词machinery, equipment, furniture等All the furniture in his house is made in Europe.3. 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词Audience, committee, class, family, government, public等His family is a big family.His family get on well with each other.练习1. It seems the cattle here (was, were) the only living creatures in these surroundings.2. The British police (has, have) only very limited powers.3. A lot of machinery (was, were) imported from abroad.4. The public (was, were) convinced of his innocence.5. This pair of trousers (costs, cost) fifty dollars.6. Twenty hours (is, are) a long time to me.7. Politics (is , are) the art or science of government.8. The football team (is, are) having baths and (is, are) the