连 词.doc

连 词一、连词的定义 连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词，叫连词。例如：It is neither too cold nor too hot in spring.（neithernor连接两个词）You can read either in the morning or in the afternoon.（eitheror连接两个短语）Hu Lan was late yesterday because she woke up too late. （because连接两个句子）二、连词的种类和常考连词的用法 从连词本身的含意及其所连接的成分的性质来看，可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 一）并列连词。用来连接有并列关系的词、短语或分句的连词是并列连词；并列连词连接分句构成并列句。（一）常用来并列同类性质的词与词、短语与短语的并列连词and,or, neither.nor,either.or,not only.but also, both.and：1. and 和，并且 My uncle lives and works in Shanghai.我叔叔在上海居住和工作。Hes big and tall. 他很高大。2. or 或（非否定句中）、和（否定句中） Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生？ I dont like reading or writing. 我既不喜欢读，也不喜欢写。 3.either.or, 要么要么，或者或者neither.nor, 既不也不both.and, 既又not only.but also.不仅而且 You can come to see me either on Sunday or on Saturday. 你要么在周日来，要么在周六来。 I dont like its color, it is either too dark or too light. 我不喜欢它的颜色，不是太暗就是太浅。 The boy is both tall and fat. 那个男孩又高又胖。 My daughter can not only sing but also dance.我的女儿不仅能唱，还会跳。 注：当either.or., neither.nor, not only.,but also.并列主语时，谓语动词与最靠近的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。如： Either his parents or he himself is at home now. 要么他父母在家，要么他自己在家。 Neither my classmates nor I am reading now. 我和同学们都没有阅读。 Not only her friends but also Lucy was here yesterday. 昨天，不仅仅她的朋友在这儿，Lucy也在这儿。（二）常见的并列分句构成并列句的连词有and，or，but，so1. or 否则 相当于一个否定条件句。Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点，否则你就要迟到了。 (If you dont hurry up, youll be late.)2. and这样的话，就会，相当于一个肯定条件句 Study hard, and you can get good grades.努力学习，你就会取得高分。 (If you study hard, you can get good grades.)3. but 但是，可是，而 前后分句是转折关系Mr Mott is very poor, but he feels happy. Mott先生很穷，但他感到快乐。4. so于是，因此 并列具有因果关系的两个分句。 We wanted to learn the English songs, so we asked the teacher to teach us. 我们想学英文歌，于是请老师教我们。 （二）从属连词。引导从句的连词叫做从属连词，分连接代词和连接副词两种。1. 引导宾语从句的有that, when, where, who, why, what, if, whether1). that用于引导陈述句的宾语从句，可以省去，如： She says that she likes watching TV very much. 2). when, where, who, why, what等连接副词连接由特殊疑问句转化过来的宾语从句。如： Do you know when the train arrives? Can you tell me where you come from? 3). if, whether连接有一般疑问句转化过来的宾语从句。 They are wondering if they can get the money back.She asked the librarian whether she had to pay for the lost book. 注：下列几种情况下不能使用if来引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句不能使用if 引导 Are you interested in whether she will come here? 后跟or not时，不能使用if引导 Im not sure whether or not the shop is open. 当后跟动词不定式时，不能使用if引导 Do you know whether to go to the Great Wall tomorrow?2. 引导状语从句的连词有when，until，after, before, as soon as, since, for, although，if，because，so that，as if, sothat, while等。 1) 引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while, until，after, before, as soon as, since 2) 引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless 3）引导原因状语从句的连词有because 4）引导结果状语从句的连词有 so.that/suchthat 5）引导比较状语从句的连词有than, asas 注： 1). 当主句为一般将来时时，when, as soon as, until, after, before引导的时间状语从句及if, unless引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的含意。如： She will tell you when she sees you. I wont give you the money unless you give me the book. 2). 当if引导宾语从句时，一般将来时不发生变化。试对比： I dont know if he will come tomorrow. (宾语从句) I will tell him the story if he comes tomorrow. (状语从句) 3. 常用引导状语从句的连词的用法1) after 在之后 I arrived at the station after the train had left. 我到车站时火车已走了。 2) as soon as 一就 I will call on you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿，就去拜访您。 3) before在之前 Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom. 离开教室前请把灯关掉。4) till直到（=until）,till多用到肯定句，且不用到句首。 Last night he worked till his father came back. 昨晚他工作到爸爸回来。 注：until用到肯定句中时，谓语动词必须是持续动词，until引导的句子用来说明主句持续动词的结束点，主句不能用进行时；until用到否定句中时，谓语动词一定是短暂动词，表示“不到（短暂动词）不发生”，相当于汉语的“直到才”。如： The student studied until his teacher came in. 那个学生一直学到老师进来。 She didnt leave until she saw me. 她不见我不走。（直到见到我她才走。）5) when当，当之时，就在那时 （1）当，当之时 When I got home, he was having supper. （2）就在那个时候We were picking apples, when it began to rain.我们正在摘苹果，忽然天下雨了。6) while当的时候（状语从句的动词必须是延续性的） Please dont talk so loud while people are working.注：1)只有从句谓语是表示延续性动词时，when, while才有可能互相替代。例如：While/when we were dancing, a stranger came in.When he has finished his homework, he takes short rest. When my mother came back, we were watching TV. 2) 从句的动作比主句的动作先（后）发生时，不能用while只能when。从句中是瞬间性动词时，只能用when。 7) if 假如 He will come if you ask him. 你如果请他，他就会来。 8）unless除非，如果不 We go fishing every Sunday, unless it rains.9) though (although)/ but Though he was old, he still worked hard. The boy is young, but he can look after his sick mother. 注：以though或although引导的主从复合句中，若从句有though或although，主句之前不能用but；反之，当后面的句子之前有but连接，其前的分句也不可用though或although，二者只能择一。10)because因为She was late because it rained heavily. = She was late because of the heavy rain. 注：（1）because 和because of 均可表示“因为”。前者是连词，引导从句，后者是介词，后跟名词或名词短语。 （2）不可受汉语“因为所以”的影响，把so, because用于同一个句子，只可用其一。11）since自从以来 It is ten years since I left Beijing.12）sothat/suchthat 如此以至于（表示结果）He worked so hard that he forgot to have supper. He is so hard-working that he will surely pass the examination. He works so hard that he will surely pass the examination. He is such a hard-working student that he will surely pass the examination.注：在结果状语从句中不能使用其它形容词或副词与that对应，只能使用so或such。so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。13）than比Winter is colder than any other season. 冬季比任何其他季节都冷。14）asas 和一样This building is as high as that one. 这幢楼和那幢楼一样高。中招试题( ) 1. Look! Here comes our school bus. No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped.A. until B. after C. since D. when( ) 2.Do you remember _ he came here?Of course I do. His father drove him here.A. whether B. when C. how D. why( ) 3. _the story is short and there are no new words in it, it is difficult to understand. A. But B. though C. And D. For( ) 4.He didnt tell me anything _ he left.A. until B. before C. after D. since( ) 5.Tony is a clever boy，_he usually fails in Chinese exams. A. so B. but C. orD. because( ) 6.The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped.A. if B. untilC. whenever( ) 7.Youd better_smoking, _you will get ill.A. go on；soB. give up；andC. give up；or( ) 8.She still failed in the exam, _ she tried her best.A. though B. because C. if ( ) 9.The red suitcase is expensive _ its made of leatherA. when B. if C. because D. though( ) 10. I have been trying my best to study English _ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A. until B. because C. though( ) 11. Do you know _ she worked out the difficult problem?With the help of her mother. I think.A. whenB. thatC. how( ) 12. I can _ swim _ skate. Im going to have some training next year.A. either, orB. neither, nor C. both, and D. not only, but also ( ) 13. My brother is going to look for another job _ the company offers him more money. A. after B. whenC. unless D. besides( ) 14. What did you say to your mother just now?I asked her _ she cooked for dinner.A. that B. ifC. how D. what( ) 15. Kate is _ busy _ she cant have a picnic with us this weekend.A. sothatB. tootoC. soas( ) 16. Nancy looked around, _ didnt see anybody.A. andB. so C. butD. because ( ) 17. Andy worked hard _ everything would be ready in time.A. unless B. so that C. whenever D. even though( ) 18. Id like to go shopping with you, _ Im too busy today.A. butB. andC. soD. or( ) 19. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday，_he had to stay at home.A. because B. but C. or D. so( ) 20. _ you turn on Home With Kids家有儿女, youll never be able to turn the TV off.A. If. B. Because C. Although D. As( ) 21. Study hard, _ youll pass the exam.A. or B. and C. but ( ) 22. “You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again.” the old man said angrily. A. because B. since C. when D. until( ) 23. When someone is ill, he _ she should try to smile at life.A. andB. butC. orD. so( ) 24. I hear Jay Chou will come to our city. Really? _ he comes, Helen will be very happy because she is a big fan of Jay.A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before( ) 25. _ you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings.A. UnlessB. BecauseC. If D. When( ) 26. I could speak _ Japanese _ Chinese, so I had to talk with him in English.A. not only, but also B. both, andC. neither, nor D. either, or ( ) 27. I didnt know he came back _ I met him in the street.A. since B. when C. until D. after( ) 28. Usually we dont realize how important nature is to us _ it is too late.A. unlessB. until C. if D. after( ) 29. Stop, _ we will shoot at you. A. so B. and C. or( ) 30. More and more people in Beijing are learning English_ they can better serve the 2008 Olympic Games.Im sure they will.A. because of B. so thatC. even though D. as if ( ) 31. Hurry up. The bus is coming.Oh, no. We mustnt cross the street_ the traffic lights are green.A. after B. since C. while D. until( ) 32. A lot of tourists will come to Lu Xun Museum tomorrow, _ you had better get up early if you want to visit it.A. orB. butC. soD. though( ) 33. He met many problems _ he was going over his lessons.A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while( ) 34. How are you feeling here?Its quite hot. I dont know _ to go or stay.A. howB. whenC. whether D. where( ) 35. Tom, keep away from the fire, _ you will get burnt.A. and B. soC. orD. but( ) 36. He rushed into the fire to save the kid _ it was dangerous for him to do so.A. unlessB. becauseC. although ( ) 37. I wont take part in the party _ Joe invites me.A. ifB. when C. unless D. because( ) 38. When youre learning English, use it, _ you wont make great progress.A. or B. thenC. and( ) 39. Its summer now, _ the weather in Dalian is not too hot.A. butB. and C. then D. or( ) 40. My grandma didnt go to sleep _ I got back home.A. where B. until C. as soon as D. while( ) 41. She worked so quietly _ no one knew she was there. A. which B. afterC. as D. that ( ) 42. _the water was cold, Wei Qinggang jumped into it to save others.A. Although B. When C. If D. Because( ) 43. All of us enjoy playing computer games, we cant spend too much time on it.A. and B. orC. butD. so ( ) 44. The dress fits me well, I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.A. so B. and C. orD. but ( ) 45. Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng said, _we didnt see the Great Wall, we felt excited when we passed over China.A. Because B. If C. Although D. As ( ) 46. Youll do much better _ you re more careful with your spelling.A. if B. before C. although D. unless ( ) 47. Hurry up, Jack. We have to get to the station before 11:45 _ we can catch the 12:00 train.A. since B. after C. as soon as D. so that ( ) 48. Who in Toms family will come to your birthday party?Either Tom any of his sisters is coming.A. and B. but C. or D. nor( ) 49. Somebody is waiting outside. He wants to see you._ no one knows Im here.A. ForB. AndC. ButD. So( ) 50. “You cant have them both, You can choose the kite the toy car,” said Mother.A. either; or B. both; and C. not only; but also ( ) 51. 12,500 kilometers is too long a journey!Yes. the journey was long and hard, the Red Army（红军）pushed on.A. ThoughB. BecauseC. AsD. While ( ) 52. He missed the train this morning he got up late.A. or B. ifC. but D. because ( ) 53. Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in Beijing in 2008?I dont think so. Now the young the old are learning to speak English.A. only, exceptB. either, orC. does, will mineD. not only, but also( ) 54. You watched the fashion show last night, didnt you?Yes, I missed the beginning.A. soB. andC. butD. then( ) 55. Hurry up, _ you will be late for the film.A. yet B. and C. but D. or( ) 56. It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home and watch TV.A. that B. so C. but D. because ( ) 57. Uncle Wang gave all his savings to the Hope School he himself was not rich.A. becauseB. as if C. thoughD. or( ) 58. Dont be afraid of asking for information _it is needed.A. when B. after C. although D. unless ( ) 59. I hear a new film is on these days. Shall we go to the cinema together, Lucy and Lily?_ Lily _ I will go with you because one of us must be at home to help our father in the garden.A. Either; nor B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Both; and ( )1.How do you like the two pairs of shoes?They dont fit me well. They are_too big_too small.A.not only;but also B.both;and C.neither;nor D.either;or( )2. _Lily_Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.A.Not onlybut also B.Neithernor C.Bothand D.Eitheror( )3.What do you think of the book about Harry Potter?I like it very much.Its_interesting_exciting.A.neither,nor B.not,but C.not only,but also D.either,or( )4.Mary got up late this morning._she didnt catch the first bus.A.because B.for C.so D.or ( )5.-Would you like to go to the concert with me?-Id love to,_I cant.I have a lot of homework to do.A.or B.but C.so D.and ( )6.When youre learning English,use it,_youll lose it.A.but B.or C.then D.and ( )7.-You watched the fashion show last night,didnt you?-Yes,_I missed the beginning.A.so B.and C.but D.then ( )8.-Its a long story,but there are few words in it.Good! _it will be hard for children.A.So B. Or C.But D.And ( )9. The doctors tried their best to save the patients life,_failed.A.or B.so C.but D.because ( )10.Remember to return the book to the school library in time,_you will be fined（罚款）A.or B.and C.but D.then ( )11.Study hard,_you are sure to have a good result in the exam.A.or B.and C.for D.but ( )12.How about going out for a walk with us?I wish I could, _I have to finish my homework first.A.and B.so C.but D.or ( )13.I didnt finish my homework, _my teacher was angry with me.A.so B.不填 C.or ( )14.All of us will be happy_you can come with us.A.while B.if C.but D.or ( )15.The story is hard to understand_there are no new words in it.A.but B.so C.though ( )16.The little boy is only six years old,_he can write novels.A.so B.but C.if ( )17.-Do you know_well get there at 3:00 this afternoon?-Im afraid well be late.A.that B.how C.why D.whether( )18.I havent seen her _she left Lanzhou.A.while B.when C.since D.from ( )19.I tried to call you_I heard from him,but you were not in.A.since B.while C.until D.as soon as ( )20.I left my umbrella in my room.Could you wait_I go back to get it?A.when B.if C.while D.before ( )21.I hardly knew anything about it_you told me.A.since B.after C.until D.when ( )22.Why hasnt Mr Li come to work today?-_he has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.A.If B.Until C.Though D.Because ( )23.The sports meet will continue_it rains this afternoon.A.if B.since C.as soon as D.unless ( )24.Mom,Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning.Oh,good. But be sure to phone me_you get to Beijing,please.A.when B.while C.because D.if ( )25.Tomorrow well go to the city park_it is sunny.A.as soon as B.when C.if D.as ( )26.I knew nothing about the accident_my friend told me yesterday.A.because B.since C.until D.after ( )27.Mary is waiting for her parents.She wont have supper_they come back.A.after B.when C.since D.until ( )28.-He was_tired_he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.-Oh,we can go out and let him have a good rest.A.too;to B.so;that C.enough;to D.such;that