英语语法改错练习及详解.doc

改错练习1.平行结构(1) At the heart of the NEA survey is the belief that our democratic system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyze texts and writing clearly.【解析】这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write.(2) Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in effect, faulty wiring in the brain-not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment. 【解析】这里的lazy应该与stupidity和a poor home environment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness.(3) The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. 【解析】本题中 efficient和laborious与boring并列,根据并列成分意思一致原则,也可以推断出这里的efficient应该换成它的反义词inefficient.2. 动词(4) Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack.【解析】本句的主语the modern footballer是view的逻辑主语，根据view的词性和句子的意思，两者之间应该是被动关系，所以只能用view的过去分词形式。(5) Culture refers to the social heritage of a people - the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.【解析】分析该句结构可知，谓语是refers to，因此include必须改成including才符合语法规范。(6) Do not send a photo unless specifically requested. If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting, rather than a holiday snap.【解析】根据上文可知，one代替前面的photo，其后的分词短语充当one的后置定语，表示“被拍的照片”，故应将taking改为taken。3. 介词短语固定搭配(7) If you are sending your CV electronically, check the formatting by sending it to yourself first. Keep up the format simple.【解析】keep在此处的含义应该是“保持”，是及物动词，后面后面可以接形容词充当宾补，keep the format simple意为“保持格式简洁”。而keep up意为“(使)保持或继续下去”，后面可以跟名词，但不能接形容词充当宾补，因此应将原文中的up去掉。(8) But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience we share with other members of our group.【解析】分析句子的结构可知，because of 后面是一个完整的句子。当表示原因时because of 后跟名词，because 后跟句子，所以此处的of应该去掉。(9) As we know, smoking not only gives harm to smokers health, but also non-smokers who live with them.【解析】此处考查固定搭配do harm to，意为“对有害”，所以此处的gives应改为does。4. 名词(10) There is so much voice outside that I cant concentrate on my study and thinking.【解析】本题中voice意思是“(人的)声音”，而noise指的是噪声。因此此题为词的误用。(11) If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoke and troubles, heart disease and lung cancer.【解析】本题中smoke作名词时意为“烟雾”，作动词时意为“吸烟”。此处指吸烟和肺部疾病的关系故使用smoking。5. 冠词(12) Most American businesses are open five days a week. American school children attend the school five days a week as well.【解析】attend school意为“上学”，而不是特指“学校”，所以将the 去掉。相类似的词还有go to bed, in hospital（住院），in the hospital（在医院）等。6. 代词(13) The fast-growing populations demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation.【解析】此处是说，迅速增长的人口对食物的需求很快将超过“食物”的supply(供应)，因此supply前面的代词应与food保持一致，故应该将their改成its。(14) Traditionally, the American farmer has always been independent and hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient. The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. The surplus crop would be sold to buy a few items in the local general store.【解析】上一句说“在18世纪农民是自给自足的”，那么接下去应该是“农民生产自己生活的一切东西”才符合逻辑，所以应该将nothing改成everything.7. 易混词(15) His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 【解析】句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。(16) A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues.【解析】动词value有两个含义：第一，to think that someone or something is important，比如I value our friendship。第二，to decide how much money something is worth，比如we decide to get this house valued。不论哪个含义，用于此都不适合。从文中可以推测这些人碰头人是为了judge how good, useful, or successful the paper is，因此要用evaluate。8. 词性(17) Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri- can public.【解析】“在国内舞台”应该是on a national stage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。(18) Most experts believe this can continue even if the population doubles by the mid-21st century,although feeding I0 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons.【解析】reasons有三个修饰词politics, economic， environmental , 后两个是形容词，第一个也应该是一致的，所以把politics改称political。9. 时态、语态、虚拟语气(19) In the mid-1980s the frequency of infections and deaths started to pick up again around theworld. Where tuberculosis vanished, it came back【解析】这句话的意思是：结核病在已经绝迹的地方又卷土重来。从句谓语动词发生在主 句 谓语动词came之前，所以要用过去完成时，故在vanished前加had。(20) We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.【解析】句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“is”应改为“be”或“should be”。类似的动词还有demand,insist,order，等等。(21)Science should not only be“fun”in the same way as playing a video game, but “hard fun”-a deep feeling of connection made possibly only by imaginative engagement.【解析】make sth possible, possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sth be made possible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible.10. 句子结构不完整(22) If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey. 【解析】这是由一个条件状语从句引导的复合句。但主句只有谓语动词enjoys，缺少主语，因此要步上主语。根据从句的his aim可推断应该加上主语he。 (23) Nuclear physicists who interested in the structure of atoms cannot observe protons, electrons and neutrons directly. 【解析】如果将who后面的部分作定语从句，那么它绝少谓语，故将who去掉，此时分词短语interested in直接作定语修饰前面的physicists。或在who后加are，补全定语从句。11. 句子结构混乱(24) In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language - the person who is familiar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history. 【解析】这个句子出现了两个位于动词，在英语中不符合语言规范，从下文可以看出后面部分是修饰individual的定语从句，缺少了引导词，所以要在can前加who或that。 (25) There are backward towns on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nineteenth- century Paris. 【解析】本句大意是：在孟买或巴西利亚周边有一些落后的城镇，正如17世纪的伦敦或19世纪初期周边也有一些落后城镇一样。两句之间的连词应该表示比较，“与.相同”，使后一句成为前一句的比较状语从句。连词as意为“像.一样”，前面just强调程度表示“正如，与.相同”。因此要将though去掉。12. 从句关系代词误用(26) Doctor Brundtland says leprosy is no longer a disease that requires life-long treatments by medical experts. Instead, patients can take that is called a multi-drug therapy. 【解析】本句中take后面的部分应该是做take的宾语，that不能既做take的宾语又连接宾语从句，所以应该把that改为what.(27) Theres also convincing evidence which dyslexia is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a “phase”. Scientists have also discarded another old stereotype that almost all dyslexics are boys【解析】evidence后面是同谓语从句，解释说明evidence，所以应该将which改为that。(28) Tobacco companies had encountered the reports, that purported to show links between smoking and cancer and other serious diseases.【解析】这里是非限定性定语从句，又因为从句缺少主语，所以只能使用引导词which，故将that改为which。13. 主谓一致(29) There is therefore a need for resources and methods ofteaching that facilitates a deep understanding of science in an enjoyable way.【解析】这句话that引导的是一个定语从句，在找错误前首先要了解先行词究竟是哪个（teaching，resources and methods还是need？）。根据意思，应该是“教学资源和教学方法使得对科学的深刻了解变得更容易”，所以这个定语从句的先行词应该是resources and methods，of teaching只是作resources and methods的定语。先行词是复数，从句的谓语也应该用复数形式，所以将facilitates改为facilitate。(30) Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words lead to considerable difficulties. 【解析】这样的长句子首先要找出主谓部分。Any attempt是主语，to trace the development from the noises是attempt的定语，babies make to their first spoken words则是做定语从句修饰noises，那么这个句子的谓语就是lead了。主语any attempt是单数，所以谓语也要改成单数leads。14. 特殊句型(31) Animation（动画）means making things which are lifeless come alive and move. Since earliest times, people have always been fascinated by movement. But not until this century we managed to capture movement, to record it, and in the case of animation, to reinterpret it and recreate it.【解析】状语not until提前，后面的主句主谓倒装，根据上下文和谓语managed可推断该句应为完成时。故在we 前加have。拓展：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前。 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until. 等。以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little, seldom, , never, no sooner than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, Not only.but also, Hardly/ Scarcely .when, No sooner. than等以及only。(32) The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not. 【解析】这个是省略句，完整为The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to play football in