高级英语各单元修辞.doc

英语修辞手法总结 1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。暗喻又叫隐喻。 例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟哥德巴赫猜想）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。 4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称换喻，或借代。 9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。 10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。双关可使语言表达得含蓄、幽默，而且能加深语意，给人以深刻印象。 12) Syllepsis: (异叙）此修辞格的特点是用一个词（动词、形容词或介词）同时与两个词或者更多相搭配，巧用一词多义的特点。13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。 14) Irony: (反语）运用跟本意相反的词语来表达此意，却含有否定、讽刺以及嘲弄的意思 15) Innuendo: (暗讽）16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） 17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语）即短而机智之妙语，名言警句。18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）是将两个互相矛盾，互不调和，的词放在同一个短语中，产生特殊的深刻含义的一种修辞手段。 19) Antithesis: (对照） 即把两种相差、相反、相关的事物，或同一事物相差、相反、相对的两个方面，放在一起加以比照，使之相反相成，以更鲜明地表现事物特征，也称对比。 20) Epigram: (警句）一般是一句话或一段引语，主要用来激励和告诉当事人某些道理，提醒着使人们在生活中时刻保持着某种精神品格，所以也叫醒句。 21) Climax: (渐进或递升法）1、 以程度的深浅，语意的轻重的顺序来排列语句 2、 以范围的大小顺序来排列语句 3、 以时间的先后顺序来排列语句 22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降)23) Apostrophe： (顿呼）24) Transferred Epithet: (移就）就是有意识的把描写甲事物的词语移用来描写乙事物。 一般可分为移人于物、移物于人、移物于物三类。25) Alliteration: (头韵）头韵是指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头音相同的单词，简明生动，起到突出重点，加深印象，平衡节奏，宣泄感情的作用。26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）是指用词语模拟客观事物的声音,以增强讲话或文字的实际音感。Unit 1 The Middle Eastern BazaarMetaphor:dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etcform a closely knit guild.Simile:a vast sombre cavern of a roomPersonification:The Middle Easter bazaar takes you.dancing flashesThe beam sinkstaut and protestingHyperbole:takes you .hundreds even thousands of yearsevery conceivable, innumerable lamps, incredibly young, with the dust of centuriesOnomatopoeia:creak, squeak, rumble, grunt, sigh, groan, etc.tinkling, banging, clashingUnit2 Hiroshima-theLiveliestCity in JapanMetaphor :I had a lump in my throatAt last this intermezzo came to an end.I was again crushed by the thought.when the meaning . sank in, jolting me.Metonymy(借代): .little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers .struggle between kimono and the miniskirtI thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactEuphemism委婉语: Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.Irony:Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in Japanthe good fortune that my illness has brought meAnti-Climax:a town known throughout the world for its-oystersAlliteration:slip to a stoptested and treatedRhetorical QuestionWas I not at the scene of the crime?Unit4 Everyday UseSimile(明喻)The yard was like an extended living room.( Para.1)Maggies hand is as limp as a fish, and probably as cold, despite the sweat, and she keeps trying to pull it back.( Para.23)Metaphor(暗喻)Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.( Para.36)She was determined to stare down any disaster in her efforts. ( Para.12)Metonymy( 转喻) Out she peeks next with a Polaroid.( Para.22)The kettle boils.Parallelism （排比） She has been like this, chin on chest, eyes on ground, feet in shuffle.Irony (反语)“What dont I understand?” I wanted to know. Your heritage,” she said.( Para. 79-80)Onomatopoeia( 拟声) Like when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road (para.19)Personification （拟人）She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no” is a word the world never learned to say to her.Unit 5 Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Metaphor: cataract of horrorsrid the earth of his shadow.liberate people from his yokeThe scene will be clear for the final act.Alliteration: dull, drilled, docile.for his hearth and homewith its clanking, heel-clicking.Assonance: clanking, heel-clicking,cowing and tying .plodding on like crawling locusts, .smarting from many a British whipping.easier and safer preyRepetition: We have but one aim and one single purposenothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyParallelism: The past, with its crimes,its follies,and its tragedies.I see,.I see.the return of the bread-winner,of their champion,of their protectorWe shall fight him by land,we shall fight him by sea,we shall fight him in the airAny man or state.Any man or state.Let us.Let us.Noun phrases: I had not the slightest doubt where .With great rapidity and violencePeriodic sentences: When I awoke on.invasion of Russia.If Hitler imagines that. woefully mistaken.Unit 6 BLACKMAILMetaphor:.the nerves of both . were excessively frayed.his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone .withered.self-assurance.flickered.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himIll spell it out.Euphemism:.and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the bartheyll throw the book,.Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueUnit9 Mark Twain - Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain - Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night.main artery of transportation in the young nations heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books.that he soaked up.Steamboat decks teemed.main current of.but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand.the epidemic of gold and silver fever.Twain began digging his way to regional fame.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.took unholy verbal shots.Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of.a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:.cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.The cast of characters. - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember . the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personification:ife dealt him profound personal tragedies.the river had acquainted him with .to literatures enduring gratitude.an entry that will determine his course forever.the grave world smiles as usual.Bitterness fed on the man.America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:.between what people claim to be and what they really are.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreverEuphemism:.mens final release from earthly struggleAlliteration:.the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and daring.a recklessness of cost or consequences.Metonymy:.his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeSynecdocheKeelboats,.carried the first major commerce Unit 10 The Trial That Rocked the WorldMetaphor:No one,. that may case would snowball into.our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street .sprouted with .He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.champion had not scorched the infidels.after the preliminary sparring over legalitiesSimile:.swept the arena like a prairie fire.a palm fan like a sword.Metonymy.tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.The Christian believes that man came from above. .below.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldRidicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted .Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.Transferred epithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn.Repetition:The truth always wins.the truth.the truth.Pun:Darwin is right - inside.Oxymoron:Malone called my conviction a victorious defeat.bitter sweet memoriesproud humilityorderly chaosa damned saintan honourable villain.Irony:marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Metonymy.tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.The Christian believes that man came from above. .below.Unit 11 But Whats a Dictionary For?Personification:The storm.that greeted.An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment.The Yew York Times, .felt itThe Journal .saw.Alliteration:.very little light on L