UL507浅译.doc

所有的器械表现28.1 除另有规定, 产品应当在合适的电压下测试( 如表所示) 28.2各项测试详细描述列表如下. 表 28.1测试电压额定电压输入测试电压温度测试电压试验电压110120191208210240254277440480550600额定值额定值额定值额定值额定值额定值120208240277480600120208240277480600除了表中指定的铭牌额定值，马达要在 100-105% 的额定电压下测试。但上应当考虑所用马达电源的电压。29漏电测试a) 29.1 带有电源线的产品各义额定值为 240 V 更?囊?9.3-29.6 来测试。漏电电流不应超过：b) 不接地的双线产品为 0.5 微安c) 接地的三线便携式产品为 0.5 微安1) 接进的三线产品为 0.75 微安 2) 使用一个额定电流为 20 A 或更少的标准附属插头设计为可固定在某一地方或位于一个特定的地方。29.2漏电有关于所有可能于设备的外露表面和接地设置或其它外露表面之间传电的电流，包括电容性藕合电流29.3所有外露导体的表面都要进行漏电测试。这些导体表面的漏电程度会独立地由该表面量度至已接地供电器，和当同时接触时，由一表面到另一表面的量度。除非有被 9.1-9.5 认可为可减少触电风险的外壳保护，零件才被考虑为外露。如果人的一只手或两只手同时可以放在多个外露表面，则这些表面被认为可同时接近。漏电测试不适用于和电压相连的端子，因为电压不包括在触电风险范围之内。如果将所有的可接近表面绑在一起并与电源线的接地导体相连，漏电电流的程度可以从接地导体和接地供电器之间度量。29.4如果外壳或外壳零件使用非金属表面，应使用面积为 10*20 cm （ 3.9*7.9 寸）的金属薄片与表面接触来度量漏电。若表面积少于 10*20 cm ，金属薄片于表面积相同大小。该金属不需驻立长时间以致影响设备的温度。a) 29.5漏电的测试电路如图书 29.1 所示。测试仪器指定为（）-(d) 。指定仪器的计表用于不只在特定的测量下指示同待数值的测量。使用的仪表需具备以下条件：b) 计表应有 1500 的输入阻抗与 0.15 微法拉的电容分路。计表应显示电压横过电阻或经过电阻电流的全波整流混合波形均值的 1.11 倍。大于频率范围 0-100 Khz ，测试电流应有频应- 显示电流实数的比例- 等于 1500 阻抗与 0.15 微法拉的电容分路的比例。当 60 hz 显示 0.5 ma 时，测量应有不大于 5% 的误差。D ）除非计表用于测量由设备里一件零件到另一件零件的漏电，计表应连接于可触及零件和已接地供电器之间。29.9设备里的样本应在已接受的条件下测试，而且应没有优先供电，除了生产线测试的部分有可能发生，但它的接地导线在插头处打开。供电电压就调整至33.1.8中所规定的值。测试过程，依照29.1的图示，应有以下程序：a) 开启开关S1，设备应连接到测量回路使用开关S2的两点和所有的正常位置的设备开关量度漏电。b) 接着关闭开关S1，使设备通电，然后在5秒中内量度开关S2两点和所有在正常位置的设备开关装置量度漏电。c) 漏电测试应监察至获得热的稳定性。开关S2的两点用于完成此测试，正常的温度测试可以获得热的稳定性。29.7一般的，如29.6所述，完整的漏电测试应在没有其它测试干扰的情况下进行。然而，由于顾虑同是发生，漏电测试可以被其它非破坏性的测试所干扰。 Figure 29.1Leakage current measurement circuits30 接地连续性测试30.1被选定为接地的任何一点的电阻阻抗不可以超过0.1欧姆，如25.1.2所规定设备以及a)For an appliance intended for permanent electrical connection,the point on the enclosure at which the power-supply system will be connected. a)设计为永久连接的设备其供电系统与外壳的连接处， b)For a cord-connected appliance employing a grounding conductor in the cord,the point to which the grounding conductor of the power-supply cord is connected. b)在导线上使用接地导体的带线设备，其电源线的接地导体连接点处30.2 The resistance may be determined by any convenient method except that if unacceptable results are obtained,either a direct or alternating current equal to the current rating of the maximum-current-rated branch-circuit overcurrent-protective device that may be employed with the appliance is to be passed from the equipment grounding terminal or the point of attachment of the wiring system to the dead metal part,and the resulting drop in potential is to be measured between these two points.The resistance in ohms is determined by dividing the drop in potential in volts by the current in amperes passing between the two points.31 Starting Current Test30.2 有任何便利的方法获得的电阻阻抗（除非出现不可接受的结果），设备可能使用最大值-电流-分支的比例-过载回路-保护装置的直流电或交流电将流过设备接地端子或线路系统和不通电金属配件之间的连接点，结果导致这两点之间测量电压的降低。电阻（单位：欧姆）可以通过两点间的电压（单位V）乘以两点间的电流（单位A）来获得。31.1 When operated as described in 31.3,an appliance shall start and operate normally without: a)Tripping an overload protector provided as part of the appliance;or b)Opening the fuse,when connected to a circuit protected by a fuse as described in 31.2.当进行如31.3操作，设备需正常开启和操作且不应出现“：a) 开启过载保护装置作为设备的一个配件；或b) 当如31.2所示与由保险丝保护的回路连接时，断开保险丝31.2 The fuse mentioned in 31.1(b)is to be other than a time-delay type.The current rating of the fuse is to be equal to the current rating of the supply circuit of the lowest rating to which the appliance is intended to be connected. 31.1(b)所涉及的保险丝应为时滞型。保险丝的额定电流应等于设备预意连接的最低额定值的供电回路的额定电流Exception:A time-delay fuse may be employed,provided that the appliance is marked in accordance with 55.1.2 and:a) The construction of the appliance or the nature of its usage is such that it is likely to be used continually on the same branch circuit after installation for example,a window fan,an attic ventilator,or the like;orb) The appliance is of the household type that would normally be used on a 15- or 20- ampere branch circuit.例外：时滞型保险丝需被使用只要设备根据55.1.2来标记，且a) 设备的结构或其使用特性如此以致安装后在同一分支回路中易于连续使用-例如通风扇，阁楼通风设备及类似的b) 本设备为家用型，且一般用在15或20安培的分支回路中。31.3 To determine whether an appliance complies with the requirements in 31.1.the appliance is to be connected to a power-supply circuit protected by a fuse as specified in 31.2 or in the exception to 31.2,whichever applies.The appliance is to be at room temperature at the beginning of the test.The appliance is to be started three times without tripping an overload protector provided as part of the appliance,or opening the fuse protecting the supply circuit.Each start of the appliance is to be made under conditions representing the beginning of normal operation-the beginning of the normal operating cycle in the case of an automatic appliance.The motor of the appliance is to be allowed to come to full speed after each start,and to come to rest between successive starts.为了确定设备是否与31.1中的要求一致，设备要与31.2规定的保险丝保护的供电回路或31.2例外中的供电回路中的一种回路相连。测试开始时，设备应处于室温状态。在开启没有过载保护装置（作为设备的一部分）或没有断开保险丝保护供电回路的情况下启动设备三次。每次启动设备都要在象征开始正常操作的情况下进行-自动设备的开始正常操作循环。31.4 An appliance employing a general use receptacle shall be loaded to the marked rating of the receptacle outlet.See 18.18使用通用插座的设备需加载到8.18所示的插座上标记的额定值。32 Input Test输入测试32.1 The current input to an appliance shall be not more than 110 percent of the rated value when the appliance is operated under conditions of intended service,when connected to a power-supply circuit of maximum rated voltage and rated frequency. 当设备在预意维修的情况下操作或与最大的额定电流和额定频率的供电回路相连时，输入设备的电流不能超过额定值的110%。33 Temperature Test温度测试33.1 All fans所有的风扇33.1.1 When tested as described in 33.1.3 33.2.2,an appliance shall not: a)Attain constant temperatures at any point on the fan sufficiently high to cause a risk of fire; b)Cause deterioration of any materials employed in the appliance;orc) Have constant temperature rises at specific points (particularly those surfaces that may be contacted by the user with the fan operating as intended) more than those specified in Table 33.1.(See 33.1.10.)当测试如33.1.3-33.2.2所述，设备不应：a) 在任何一点获得足够高的恒定温度以致引起燃烧；b) 造成设备所使用的任一材料的变坏；或c) 在指定点其恒定的温升（特别是那些用户可能与风扇接触的表面）大于表33.1中所规定的（见33.1.10）。33.1.2 A thermal protective device shall not operate during the temperature test.See 21.6. 热保护装置不应在温度测试过程发生作用。见21.631.1.3 Coil and winding temperatures are to be measured by thermocouples located on exposed surfaces,except the change-in-resistance method may be used for a coil that is inaccessible for mounting of thermocouples,such as a coil: a)Immersed in sealing compound; b) Wrapped with thermal insulation;or c) Wrapped with more than two layers of material such as cotton,paper,or rayon having a total thickness of more than 0.8 mm (1/32 inch).除了不能安装热电偶的线圈可能保使用变阻方法，线圈或漆包线的温度用置于外露表面的热电偶测得，线圈如： a) 浸在密封化合物内b) 外面有隔热材料包着；或c) 外面包有两层棉、纸、或总厚度大于0.8mm(1/32inch)人造丝。In an alternating-current motor having a frame diameter of 177.80 mm (7 inches) or less,the thermocouple is to be mounted on the integrally-applied (enamel) insulation of the windings. 框架直径为177.80mm(7inch)可更小的交流马达，热电偶可安装在完全使用（釉层）绝缘的漆包线上。33.1.4 Thermocouples are to consist of wires not larger than No.24 AWG.When thermocouples are used in the determination of temperatures in connection with the heating of electrical devices,it is common practice to employ thermocouples consisting of No.30 AWG iron and constantan wires and a potentiometer-type indicating instrument;and such equipment is to be used whenever referee temperature measurements by thermocouples are necessary. 热电偶由不大于No.24 AWG的导线组成。当热电偶用于确定与电子零件连接处的温度时，通常会利用由30号AWG铁和铜镍合金线和一个电位计显示仪组成的热电偶；当有必要用热电偶来裁定温度时就可以用本仪器。Table 33.1Maximum acceptable temperature rises最大可接受温升Materials and components材料和配件C(Degrees)F(degrees)All Fans所有风扇1. Varnished-cloth insulation清漆涂层绝缘2. Fuses保险丝3. Fiber employed as electrical insulation使用纤维来达到电绝缘4. Wood and other combustible material木材和其它易感材料5. Any point on or within a terminal box of a permanently-wired appliance永久连接设备接线盒上或盒内的一点6. A surface upon which a stationary appliance may be mounted in service,and surfaces that may be adjacent to the appliance when so mounted使用中固定设备需安装在其上的表面，如此安装时与设备邻近的表面7. Class A insulation systems on coil windings of an a-c motor having a diameter of more than 177.80 mm (7 inches),of a d-c motor and a universal motor,and on a reactor外形直径大于177.80mm(7inch)的a-c马达线圈漆包线A级绝缘系统及电抗器的A级绝缘系统、a-c 通用马达A. In an open motor在敞开的马达上Thermocouple method热电偶方法Resistance method电阻方法B. In a totally enclosed motor在完全封闭的马达上Thermocouple method热电偶方法Resistance method电阻方法8. Class A insulation systems on coil windings of an a-c motor having a diameter of 177.80 mm(7 inches),or less (not including a universal motor) 外形直径等于或小于177.80mm(7inch)的a-c马达（不包括通用马达）线圈漆包线A级绝缘系统A. In an open motor敞开的马达Thermocouple or resistance method热电偶或电阻方法B. In a totally enclosed motor在完全封闭的马达上Thermocouple or resistance method热电偶或电阻方法9. Class B insulation systems on coil windings of an a-c motor having a diameter of more than 177.80 mm (7 inches) ,of a d-c motor and of a universal motor 外形直径大于177.80mm(7inch)的a-c马达、线圈漆包线B级绝缘系统及电抗器的B级绝缘系统6065656565g6565a75708075a80108117117117117117117a135126144135a144Table 33.1 ContinuedMaterials and componentsC(Degrees)F(Degrees)A. In an open motor在敞开的马达上Thermocouple method热电偶方法Resistance method电阻方法B. In a totally enclosed motor在完全封闭的马达上Thermocouple method热电偶方法Resistance method电阻方法10. Class B insulation systems on coil windings of an a-c motor having a diameter of 177.80 mm (7 inches)or less (not including a universal motor) and on a vibrator coil外形直径等于或小于177.8mm(7inch)的a-c马达线圈漆包线及振动线圈的B级绝缘系统 A. In an open motor and on a vibrator coil在敞开马达及振动线圈上 Thermocouple or resistance method热电偶或电阻方法C. In a totally enclosed motor在完全封闭的马达上D. Thermocouple or resistance method热电偶或电阻方法11. Phenolic composition employed as electrical insulation or as a part of the deterioration of which would result in a risk of fire,electric shock,or injury to persons酚醛树脂合成物用作绝缘材料或作为减少着火、电击危险、造成人生伤害的一个配件12. Rubber ot thermoplastic-insulated wires and cords橡胶或热塑性绝缘线材13. Capacitors电容 Electrolytic电解液 Other types其它类型14. Sealing compound密封化合物15. Class 105 insulation systems on windings of a relay,a solenoid,and the like.继电器、螺形管或类似装置的漆包线的第105类绝缘系统 Thermocouple method热电偶方法 Resistance method电阻方法16. Class 130 insulation systems on windings of a relay,a solenoid,and the like继电器、螺形管或类似装置的漆包线的第130类绝缘系统Thermocouple method热电偶方法 Resistance method电阻方法17. Lampholder screw shell,center contact,or other connecting device of aluminum or unplated copper灯座螺丝保护套、中心触噗及其它铝或没有镀铜的器具18. Lampholder body of thermosetting material (phenolic,urea,and the like)Ceiling Insert Fan/Light Combinations热硬化性的灯座本体（酚醛树脂、尿素及类似的），吊扇/光组合19. Points of fixture support固定装置支撑点20. Screen,shield,or recessed housing in contact with insulation与绝缘层接触的防护物、外罩、凹进去的坑Surfaces Subject to Contact h 接触表面21. Handles or knobs that are grasped for lifting,carrying,or holding:用于举、提、拿的把手、握柄 Metallic金属 Nonmetallic非金属22. Handles or knobs that may be contacted but do not involve lifting,carrying,or holding when heated;and other surfaces that may be contacted during intended operation:加热时会接触但不用来举、提、拿的把手或握柄；在原定操作中会接触到的其它表面 Metallic金属 Nonmetallic非金属85a959010095a100125b35b,c,d40eless than melting point65f40(72)65a8585a105175125656525353560153a171162180171a180225b63b,c,d72e117f117a153153a189315225117117456363108a On the surface of an insulated coil where the temperature is affected by an external source of heat (integral lights or light kits of a fan are not considered to be external sources of heat),the temperature rise measured by a thermocouple may be higher than the specified maximum,if the temperature rise of the coil measured by the resistance method is not more than that specified in the table.The additional acceptable temperature rises above the values specified are: 温度受内部热影响的绝缘线圈表面，如果用电阻方法测得的线圈温升不大于表中的规定值，用热电偶测得的温升全比规定的最大值。附加的可接受的大于规定值的温升为 ltem Temperature温度Part A of item 7 15(27)Part A of item 8 5(9)13 15(27)Part A of item 14 20(36)Part A of item 15 10(18)16 20(36)b The temperature limitations on phenolic composition and on rubber and thermoplastic insulation do not apply to a compound that has been investigated and found to have acceptable heat-resistance properties.酚醛树脂合成物、橡胶和热硬化化塑料绝缘的温度极限不适用于经检测并认为具有可接受的绝缘特性的化合物c Rubber-insulated conductors within a Class A insulated motor and rubber-insulated motor leads,and a rubber-insulated flexible cord entering a motor may be subjected to a temperature rise of more than 35(63),provided that an acceptable braid is employed on the conductors of other than a flexible cord.This does not apply to thermoplastic-insulated wires or cords.除易曲电源线外，只要在导体中使用可接受的编织物，A级绝缘马达内的橡胶绝缘导体、马达的橡胶绝缘引线、进入马达的橡胶绝缘的易曲电源线会有35的温升。这一点不适用于热塑性绝缘线标兵。d A short length of rubber or thermoplastic-insulated flexible cord exposed to a temperature rise of more than 35(63),such as at terminals,is acceptable if supplementary heat-resistance insulation of acceptable dielectric strength is employed on the individual conductors of the cord to reduce the risk of deterioration of the conductor insulation,and if the strain-relief means does not depend upon that portion of the insulation subjected to the excessive temperature. 较短长度的橡胶或热塑性绝缘的易曲电源线会有35（63F）温升，例如在接线端子处，如果在单导线的电源线中使用可接受的电介质强度的增补隔热绝缘以减少导体绝缘性能的降低，且应变消除方法不取决于置于过高温度的绝缘比例，这是可以接受的。e For an electrolytic capacitor that is integral with or attached to a motor,the temperature rise on insulating material integral with the capacitor enclosure shall not be more than 65(117).对于和马达连为一体或附属于马达的电解液电容，在电容外壳内与电容是一个整体的绝缘材料的温升应不大于65（117F）f A capacitor that operates at a temperature rise of more than 65(117) may be jubged on the basis of its marked temperature limit. 如果电容在温升大于65(117)下运转，电容应在其标记的温度极限的基础上进行判断。g If the temperature rise is greater than 35(65),the fan shall be marked in accordance with 55.7.1 -55.7.3. 如果温升大于35(65)，电风扇必须根据55.7.1 -55.7.3来标记。h Based on a 25(77) ambient temperature. 基于一个25(77)的温度氛围。i This does not apply to the motor of a pedestal fan on which either no switches are mounted or on which no switches other than pull- chain type are mounted. 本项不适用于带底座风扇的马达，这种风扇不是没有安装开关就是开关的类型为拉线型。33.1.5 If the change-in-resistance method is used,determination of the temperature rise of a winding is to be calculated by the following formula: 若使用变阻方法，用下述公式来计算漆包线温升：in which:其中 t is the temperature rise in ; t为温升（单位） R2 is the resistance of the coil in ohms at the end of test;R2为测试完结时线圈的电阻（单位） R1 is the resistance of the coil in ohms at the beginning of the test;R1是测试初线圈的电阻（）t1 is the ambient temperature in degrees C at the beginning of the test;t1为测试开始时C等级的温度氛围； t2 is the ambient temperature in degrees C at the end of the test;and t2是测试结束时C等级的温度氛围 K is 234.5 for copper and 225.0 for electrical conductor grade (EC) aluminum;values of the constant for other conductors are to be determined. 铜的K值为234.5电导体等级（BC）的K值为225.0；其它导体的系数待定。33.1.6 If necessary,the value of R at shutdown may be determined by taking several resistance measurements at short intervals,beginning as quickly as possible after shutdown.A curve of the resistance values and the time is to be plotted and extrapolated to give the value of R shutdown.如果有必要，测试结束时的R值可通过结束时快速开始多次测量电阻而得，且两次测量间要有短暂的停顿。从而得到电阻-时间的曲线图，并可从中推断断电时的R值。33.1.7 All values for temperature rises in Table 33.1 are based on an assumed ambient temperature of 25(77).However,tests may be conducted at any ambient temperature within the range of 10-40(50-104). 表33.1中的温升值都是基于氛围温度假定为25(77)。但是测试可以在氛围温度范围为10-40(50-104)内的任一点进行。33.1.8 For the temperature test,the test voltage for an appliance is to be as specified in Table 28.1.If the appliance has a single frequency rating,the test is to be conducted at that frequency.An appliance rated 25-50 hertz or 50-60 hertz is to be tested using a 60-hertz supply. 对于温度测试，设备的测试电压如表28.1所规定。如果设备为单相额定频率，测试在此频率下进行。额定频率为20-50赫兹或50-60赫兹的测试频率为60赫兹。33.1.9 The appliance is to be operated under each condition of normal service.For a multispeed appliance,this includes operation at each speed and,for a reversible appliance,it includes operation in each direction of rotation.If a reversible appliance continues to rotate in the same direction,but at a slower speed,when the reversing switch is thrown,the requirement applies at the lower speed as well as at the normal speed.The test is to be continued until temperatures have become constant. 设备要在正常操作各个条件下进行。对于多速设备，要在各个速度下进行操作，对于可翻转的设备则包括各个方向的旋转。当开启旋转开关，如果设备以低速朝同一个方向持续旋转，则不论低速还是正常转速成都要达到要求。测试持续到温度变成恒温。33.1.10 A temperature is considered to be constant when three successive readings taken at intervals of 10 percent of the previously elapsed duration of the test,but not less than 5 minutes,indicate no further increase. 当连续三次读数表明没有增值，则温度被认为已达到恒温；其中每次读数的间隔为前一次测试持续时间的10%，但不少于5分钟。33.1.11 An appliance employing a general use receptacle shall be loaded to the marked rating of the receptacle.The maximum length of the supply cord is to be used for the Temperature Test. 使用通用插座的设备需加载到标记的插座额定值。使用最长的电源线进行温度测试。33.1.12 For fans rated 12 Amps or less,and that employ wiring terminals for field wiring co