四六级选词填空练习题及答案.doc

1. Its never easy to admit you are in the wrong.Being human,we all need to know the art of apologizing.Look back with honesty and think how often youve judged roughly,said unkind things,pushed yourself ahead at the _1_of a friend.Then count the _2_when you indicated clearly and truly that you were sorry.A bit frightening,isnt it?Frightening because some deep _3_in us known that whenever a small wrong has been_4_,some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed,and it stays out of balance until fault is _5_and regret expressed. I remember a doctor friend,the late Clarece Lieb,telling me about a man who came to him with a _6_of signs:headaches,insomnia and stomach trouble.No physical cause could be found.Finally Dr.Lieb said to the man,“Unless you tell me whats worrying you ,I cant help you.”After some _7_,the man _8_,as executor of his fathers will,he had been cheating his brother,who lived abroad,of his inheritance.Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking for forgiveness and enclosing a cheque as the first step in resorting their good relation.He then went with him to the mail box in the corridor.As the letter disappeared,the man burst into tears.“Thank you,”he said,“I think Im cured.”and he was.A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger.If you can think of someone who _9_an apology from you,someone you have wronged,or judged too roughly,or just_10_,do something about it right now.A. hesitation I.expenseB. Maintained J.permitC. Wisdom K.varietyD. Ignorance L.neglectedE. Committed M.confessedF. Occasions N.communicationG. Deserves O.acknowledgedH. Prominent2. Chemistry did not _1_as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously.But chemical knowledge is as old as history,being almost entirely _2_with the practical arts of living.Cooking is _3_a chemical process,so is the melting of metals and the administration of drugs and poisons.This basic chemical knowledge,which was _4_in most cases as a rule of thumb,was nevertheless _5_on previous experiment.It also served to _6_a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves.New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain batter results.The development of a scientific _7_to chemistry was,however,hampered by several factors.The most serious problem was the vast range of material _8_and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system.In addition,there were social intellectual difficulties,chemistry is nothing if not practical,those who practice it must use their hands,they must have a certain practical flair.Yet in many _9_civilizations,practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population.The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world,where the practical arts appeared to _10_any intellectual content of interest.The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy.Experts in specific trades has developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood.A. applied I.ancientB. Lack J.encourageC. Worried K.essentiallyD. Emerge L.dependentE. Stimulate M.methodF. Probable N.concernedG. Available O.approachH. conventionally3. New technology links the world as never before.Our planet has _1_.Its now a “global village”where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link.And,of course,our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly _2_by foreign language skills.Deeply _3_with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad.In modern markets,success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks.The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind”.He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success,and that promotions often follow or _4_an assignment abroad.If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,superiors will have greater _5_in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language _6_are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business _7_,even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business.But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language.A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the _8_when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an _9_to fast-forward certain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly.The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious _10_to the firm.A. accompany I.applicationsB. Asset J.authenticC. Database K.involvedD. Shrunk L.certificateE. Enforce M.enhancedF. Confidence N.issuesG. Edge O.opportunityH. Defy4. “opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today.It is used to refer to matters of taste,belief,and _1_.This causal use would probably cause little _2_if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion.Unfortunately,most to attach great importance to it.“I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,”and “everyones _3_to his opinion,”are common expressions.In fact,anyone who would _4_anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label _5_is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion?It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind.For example,you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?”and he may reply,“In my opinion,theyre ugly.”In this case,it would be intolerant to challenge his statement,but foolish.For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal _6_,a matter of taste.And as the old saying goes,“Its _7_to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term.A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has _8_its opinion in a controversial case.Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences,their mere likes and _9_.They stated their considered judgment,painstakingly arrived at after thorough _10_and deliberation.A. entitled B.preferenceB. Bachelor J.judgmentC. Confusion K.inquiryD. Capable L.deliveredE. Accurate M.cultivateF. Dislikes N.challengeG. Pointless O.collapseH. Tolerate5. We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of _1_coffee.When it was introduced,most people did not like it as well as “regular”coffee,and it took several years to gain general _2_（introduction stage）.At one point,though,instant coffee grew rapidly in _3_,and many brands were introduced（stage of rapid growth）.After a while,people became _4_to one brand and sales off （stage of maturity）.Sales went into a slight_5_when freeze-dried coffees were introduced（stage of decline.）The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this:different stages in the product life cycle call for different _6_.The goal is to _7_product life so that sales and profits do not decline.One strategy is called market modification.It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections.Did you know,for example,that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased _8_among present customers or going for a different market,such as senior citizens.A marketer may re-position the product to _9_to new market sections.Another product extension strategy is called product modification.It involves changing product quality,features,or style to attract new users or more usage from present users.American auto manufactures are using quality _10_as one way to recapture world markets.Note,also,how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.A. attached I.instantB. weird J.declineC. usage K.improvementD. acceptance L.deficiencyE. extend M.popularityF. decay N.strategiesG. cub O.consumeH. Appeal6. We human begins are entrusted with a very special place in creation,a place that calls us to _1_and live by certain values including kindness,generosity,forgiveness,joy and peace.Heroes help us _2_,develop and live by those values.The ancient Greeks said.“Tell me who you admire and Ill tell you who you are.”According to this logic,choosing heroes is important because who you choose often _3_the character of a person and even a people.We are in _4_search of heroes.However,in todays culture we tend to _5_celebrities for heroes,celebrities from whom we expect little and sometimes get less.So anxious are we to find someone in whom we can place our love and _6_that we choose from the parade of the newly famous and already nearly forgotten.And when we lose them,nothing is really lost for their successors have already claimed the next fifteen minutes of fame.Celebrities attract our _7_while real heroes send us to the source of their vision and dreams.We often look at celebrities to find out what our values should be and when we do.We discover we havent looked high enough.Real heroes take us one step closer to _8_our human potential.Real heroes strive for the imperishable trophies.Their rules and goals are different.They live and work in the world,but they embrace the eternal values of love,joy,peace,patience,kindness,goodness,faithfulness,humility,and self-control.While fame,fortune,and power may come their way,_9_them is not their goal.Heroes who deserve biography ,autobiography or memoir are people who may attract attention,but direct that attention beyond themselves to something greater.They help us aspire and _10_up to the values they embrace in their daily lives.Heroes can be found in the daily stuff of life,from parents to teachers.from counselors to that unexpected angel who helps you change a tire during a dark and rainy night.They can also be found in our religious and historical traditions,and among the unsung activists and brave politicians.A. fulfilling I.inclineB. substitute J.attainingC. completed K.constantD. determines L.embraceE. distinguishing M.destructiveF. loyalty N.curiosityG. live O.dignityH. Define7. Online courses,also called distance learning,are a hot new _1_in American education.According to the nonprofit Distance Education and Training Council,about 400 US colleges and schools offer some _2_of their programs on the Web.At the university level,they cost the same as traditional classes and require similar weekly _3_and textbook reading,the difference is in class _4_.Generally speaking,students congregate online throughout each week to _5_the topic with the professor,but these discussions occur“asynchronously”（不同时地）rather than in real time.Your read others comments and post your own whenever you get a chance.Written assignments are posted,you e-mail in your work periodically,and you are required to take a proctored exam in order to receive degree credit._6_boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular,but youll also find a variety of _7_arts offerings,from film theory to medieval history and foreign language study.While you still cant get an Ivy League degree online,a growing number of elite institutions,including Stanford and New York University are beginning to offer online courses.The benefits for busy people are _8_.“I always get a front-row seat,”says one student studying at the State University of New York learning Network,“I can get up in the middle of class,_9_a cup of coffee.The class is waiting for me when I get back,and I havent missed a thing.”On the other hand,some students miss the face-to-face _10_that often sparks interest and involvement.A.explosion I.obviousB.participation J.exceedC.trend K.portionD.extinguish L.exploreE.career M.assignmentsF.interaction N.exileG.literal O.grabH.exclusive8. Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick,light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,”the Lays potato chip seems an unlikely _1_for global domination.But its maker,Frito-Lay,thinks otherwise,“Potato chip are a snack food for the world,”said Salman Amin,the companys head of global _2_.Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can _3_the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip.Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America,owned by PepsiCo,and _4_for over half of the parent companys $3 billion annual profits.But the U.S.snack food market is largely saturated,and to grow,the company has to look overseas.Its strategy rests on two beliefs:first,a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete,and second,consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global”as a _5_.“Global”does not mean products that are consciously identified as American,but ones that consumers -especially young people-see as part of a modern,innovative world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes.Potato chips are an American invention,but most Chinese,for instance,do not know that Frito-Lay is an American company.Instead,Rickey,the companys research and development head,would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business.With brand perception a _6_factor,Rickey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo.The logo,along with the companys long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility”of its chips,would help _7_the companys global expansion.The executives acknowledge that they try to _8_national eating habits to a food created in America,but they _9_that accounts to economic imperialism.Rather,they see Frito-Lay as _10_the benefits of free enterprise across the world.“were making products in those countries,were adapting them to the tastes of those countries,building businesses an employing people and changing lives.”said Steve Reinemund,PepsiCos chief executive.A. spreading I.marketingB. resist J.concludeC. deny K.accountsD. swing L.facilitateE. flourish M.weaponF. concept N.exposeG. crucial O.futileH. Forge9. Bullfighting has often been called Spains favorite sport.But to call it this is wrong for two reasons:first,soccer is the most popular sport;and second,bullfight cannot really be called a sport.It should be called,more _1_,a spectacle,an exhibition,or a _2_,like a ballet.However,this ballet is like dancing on a tight rope,because if the bullfight makes a mistake,he will quite likely be injured or killed.A bullfight is not really a _3_between a man and bull._4_it is a contest between a man and himself.The audience goes to the ring to see a man _5_his own fear of the horns and take as many chances with the bull as possible.It is very much like the audience that goes to see acrobats do _6_on the flying trapezes at the _7_.The crowd does not want to see the men miss the bar and fall;what it wants is the _8_of seeing the performers almost miss and then save themselves by their skill,it is the same in the bullring.Bullfight is one of the few ways a poor boy can become rich and famous in Spain and Latin American.But for every successful matador there are hundreds who have fallen by the wayside and are forgotten.Many do not have the necessary _9_and skill.Some are _10_by the bulls,and some are killed.A. circus I.hazardB. Contest J.tricksC. Guilty K.propertyD. Conquer L.hatchE. Crippled M.thrillF. Grace N.highlightG. Actually O.performanceH. guarantee 10.Educating girls quite possibly _1_a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world.Womens education may be unusual _2_for economists,but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.And economists,with its _3_on incentives,provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to _4_in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family:girls grow up only to marry into somebody elses family and _5_children.Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling,trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother,on the other hand,has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices.she is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can _6_on the development of all her children,_7_that her daughters are given a fair chance.the education of her daughters them makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls,as well as of boys,will be educated and healthy.the vicious circle is thus _8_into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits.But it has _9_economic advantages as well.Most obviously,there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers.Wages rise b