26个基础核物理实验!.doc

Experimentsin Nuclear ScienceOVERVIEW：ORTEC supports academic teaching laboratories within a wide range of disciplines; Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Radiopharmacy.With a broad range of NIM instrumentation, ORTEC offers modules specific to pulse-processing applications associated with Charged Particle and Gamma-Ray spectroscopy, modules for pulse counting and fast timing, as well as modules and digital electronics for generalized multichannel analysis. This modularity can provide a cost-effective and a re-configurable approach to the instrumentation of teaching experiments. ORTEC also provides a selection of pre-scripted teaching laboratory experiments for use in nuclear science undergraduate laboratories. These experiments are based on the AN34 Laboratory Manual and are located on the Experiments tab. Please note that these experiments are in the process of being updated, andas updates become available they will be posted to this website.ORTECs objective is to partner with teaching facilities in universities and other educational institutions to add to and further develop these pre-scripted experiments. If you have developed teaching experiments employing ORTEC products, we would welcome the opportunity to include them on this site for others to use. We are happy to acknolwedge the institution for the contribution of the experimental script, and to provide a link to the contributors departmental web site.The experiments listed here includethe experiments from the AN34 Laboratory Manual. Additional experiments will be added as they become available. It is important that the references (located under the Library tab) be included with these experiments.Please contact the factory if you need assistance, or need to purchase the latest equipment available for any specific experiment.EXPERIMENT: (176 pages)Experiment 1Introduction to Electronic Signal Analysis in Nuclear Radiation Measurements电子学信号处理系统在核辐射测量方面的应用目的：核放射性测量的基本结构及系统检查的技术指导Experiment 2Geiger Counting 盖革计数管目的：掌握Geiger-Mueller计数管的原理与应用Experiment 3Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Using NaI(Tl) NaI(Tl) 伽玛谱仪系统目的：掌握使用NaI(Tl)闪烁晶体进行伽玛放射性测量的基本技术Experiment 4Alpha Spectroscopy with Silicon Charged-Particle DetectorsAlpha谱仪系统目的：了解Alpha放射源的特性Experiment 5Energy Loss of Charged Particles (Alphas) Alphas射线穿过物质时的能量损失比目的：掌握Alpha粒子与物质相互作用的特性Experiment 6Beta Spectroscopy Beta 谱仪系统目的：掌握Beta谱仪系统的基本技术，以及Beta放射性最大值的定义方法Experiment 7High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy 高分辨率伽玛射线谱仪系统（HPGe）目的：掌握使用HPGe晶体进行伽玛放射性测量的基本技术，并与闪烁体探测器进行比较Experiment 8High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy 高分辨率X射线谱仪系统（Si(Li)）目的：掌握使用Si(Li)探测器进行X射线测量的基本技术Experiment 9Time Coincidence Techniques and Absolute Activity Measurements 时间符合技术与绝对活度测量目的：掌握时间符合技术与绝对活度测量的原理与技术Experiment 10Compton Scattering 康普顿散射效应目的：掌握康普顿散射效应的原理及其对放射性测量的影响Experiment 11The Proportional Counter and Low-Energy X-Ray Measurements 正比计数器和低能X射线测量目的：掌握康正比计数器的工作原理及其对低能X放射性的测量技术Experiment 12X-Ray Fluorescence X 射线荧光目的：掌握光子照射物质产生X射线荧光的原理及其测量技术Experiment 13Gamma-Gamma Coincidence 伽玛-伽玛符合电路（NaI(Tl)-NaI(Tl)）目的：验证放射源Experiment 14Nuclear Lifetimes and the Coincidence Method 放射核的寿命及其符合方法目的：通过时间符合性的研究方法测量57Co的寿命Experiment 15Rutherford Scattering of Alphas from Thin Gold Foil Alpha粒子穿透金箔产生的Rutherford散射目的：进行Alpha粒子穿透金箔产生散射的实验，得到散射截面的概念Experiment 16The Total Neutron Cross Section and Measurement of the Nuclear Radius中子穿透的总截面和核半径的测量目的：通过几种物质对中子束的吸收测量，得到中子的总截面、原子核半径和中子的德布罗意波长Experiment 17Neutron Activation Analysis (Slow Neutrons) 种子活化分析（慢中子）目的：利用慢中子活化技术进行核素识别Experiment 18Neutron Activation Analysis (Fast Neutron) 中子活化分析（快中子）目的：利用快中子活化技术进行核素识别Experiment 19A Study of the Decay Scheme and Angular Correlation of 60Co 衰变纲图的学习和60Co的角关联目的：利用符合技术学习60Co的伽玛放射性衰变模式，并了解角关联的意义Experiment 20A Study of the Decay Scheme of 244Cm by an Alpha X-Ray Coincidence Experiment通过Alpha-X射线的符合实验学习244Cm的衰变纲图目的：实验演示Alpha射线和X射线的符合实验，并学习244Cm的alpha放射性衰变纲图Experiment 21Alpha-Induced Innershell Ionization Studies with an 241Am Source 使用241Am源学习Alpha诱导内层电子电离效应目的：掌握Alpha粒子照射物质产生X射线荧光的原理，学习这种相互作用方式的库伦电离计算理论Experiment 22Measurements in Radiation Biology 生物放射性的测量目的：通过几个对动植物放射性的测量研究，了解放射性物质在生物体中的聚集以及危害Experiment 23Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Studies 环境领域的放射性核素测量技术目的：通过X射线管或X放射源的荧光效应及中子活化对环境样品进行测量Experiment 24Measurements in Health Physics 保健物理测量目的：了解一些基本的辐射计量与防护的概念Experiment 25Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy 运行的时间谱目的：通过快速定时技术对Alpha射线和伽玛射线进行运行时间的谱分析Experiment 26Fission Fragment Energy Loss Measurements from 252Cf252Cf裂变碎片的能量损失测量目的：通过对252Cf裂变产物链的分析，测量碎片损失的能量LIBRARY: (17 pages)Safe Handling of Radioactive SourcesElectronics Standards and Definitions - NIM and CAMAC Standards for Modular Instrum