材料专业英语——POLYMER NAME Special English高分子方向(1).doc

Special English for polymer science1.1 Saturated CnH2n+2(alkanes) a. ) UnbranchedThe first four members have semi-trivial names (俗名), Following the members of the series are given systematic names. In these names, the ending “ane” is combined with the Greek (Latin) numerical term for the number of C-atoms, in the chain.Methane CH4 Ethane C2H6Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10CnH2n+1 radicals (alkyls)CH4 methane; CH3methyl“ane”“yl”Butane butyl; propane propylPentane pentyl; hexane hexylHeptaneheptyl; octane octylNonanenonyl; decanedecylCnH2n radicals (1) “ane” “ylidene” (叉，亚基)H3C-CH= Ethylidene (乙叉，亚乙基)H3C-CH2-CH= Propylidene(亚丙基)(2) A divalent radical with two terminal yl(撑):“ane”“ylene”-CH2-: methylene; -CH2-CH2-: Ethylene （乙撑）(3) CnH2n-1 radicalsCH（ylidyne，次基，“川”）methylidyneCH3 Cethylidyne（次乙基，乙川）b) BranchedSaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbon is named by (1) choosing the longest main chain; and (2) prefixing the designations of the side chains to the name of the main chain (in alphabetical order)3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl-4-propyloctaneDimethylpentyl ethyl取代基次序IUPAC规定依英文名第一字母次序排列。我国规定采用立体化学中“次序规则”：优先基团放在后面，如第一原子相同则比较下一原子。 2,3,5-trimethylhexane1.2 Unsaturated 1.2.1 CnH2nAlkenes CnH2n-2AlkynesAlkanealkene(alkadiene) : “ane”“ene”(adiene)Alkanealkyne(alkadiyne) : “ane”“yne”(adiyne)2-pentene1,3-pentadiene2-hexyneRetained trivial names H2C=CH2 Ethylene (ethene)HCCH Acetylene (ethyne)Isoprene (2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene)2-Butenyl2-ButynylH2C=CH- Vinyl (Ethenyl)H2C=CH-CH2- Allyl(2-Propenyl)Cyclic hydrocarbons在相同碳原子数的烷烃名称前面加“cyclo”(饱和单环化合物)Aromatic group甲基异丙醚 甲基丙醚 methyl i-propyl ether methyl n-propyl etherKetone(酮)Suffix : one Aldehyde(醛)Suffixes: -al, aldehyde, 常见有机酸在英文中常用俗名，系统名称反而不被采用Systematic names Trivial NamesMethanoic acid Formic acid （蚁酸）Ethanoic acid Acetic acid （醋酸）Propanoic acid Propionicacid （初油酸）Butanoicacid Butyricacid （酪酸）2-Methylpropanoic acid IsobutyricacidPentanoicacid Valericacid （缬草酸）3-Methylbutanoic acid Isovalericacid （异缬草酸）Hexanoicacid CaproicacidDodecanoicacid Lauricacid （月桂酸）Tetradecanoicacid Myristicacid （肉豆蔻酸）Hexadecanoicacid Palmiticacid （棕榈酸，软脂酸）Octadecanoicacid Stearicacid (硬脂酸)Systematic names Trivial NamesEthanedioic acid Oxalicacid （草酸）Propanedioic acid Malonicacid （胡萝卜酸）Butanedioic acid Succinicacid （琥珀酸）Hexanedioic acid Adipicacid （肥酸，凝脂酸）Propenoic acid Acrylic acid （丙烯酸）Propynoic acid Propiolicacid （丙炔酸）cis-Butenedioic acidMaleicacid （马来酸）trans-Butenedioic acidFumaricacid