英语阅读理解的应试技巧.doc

英语阅读理解的应试技巧：1. 注意三个侧重（1）侧重首句尾句，首段尾段。往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想。（2）侧重语篇标志词。语篇标志词也叫转折词。帮助你更好的理解句与句、段与段之间的关系。英语中的语篇标志词主要表示：举例，比较，转折，因果，时间，地点，目的，条件，结论等。（3）侧重长句、难句。2. 熟悉五种题型。（1）主旨大意题主旨大意题考查的内容包括主题思想、写作意图、标题。这类题型中常见的问题方式有：Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?The main idea of the passage is .The major point discussed in the passage is .The best title for this passage would be .The authors purpose in writing the passage is .The passage is mainly about .回答这类问题时，就是让你找出文章的主题思想，最容易且行之有效的方法是找出文章的主题句。主题句往往以下列五种方式出现在文章中。a. 首句主题句eg: A quick reading of newspaper leads us to one conclusion. Actual events are never told us in full detail. Newspapers only tell enough to satisfy those who finance them. If the newspapers told us what was actually going on in the world, people would be so upset that they might retrain from reading the paper.b. 尾句主题句eg: A few years ago it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually, the generation gap has been around for a long time. It is built into the fabric of our society.The main idea of the paragraph is A. that the generation gap suddenly appearedB. that the generation gap is a feature of the societyC. that parents and children could not understand each otherD. what the generation gap isC. 首尾结合主题句(首尾呼应)Eg: Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs form country to country.D. 中间句主题句There is a simple economic principle use to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for thees goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufactures prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.The best title for this passage is A. Economic PrinciplesB. Law of Supply and DemandC. More Goods, Lower PricesD. Fewer Goods, Higher PriceE. 无明显主题句如果文章中没有出现主题句，这就要求考生先通读全文，归纳带有论点段落的要点，然后综合几个要点得出全文主旨。(2) 词语理解题词语理解题考察考生通过上下文线索理解某些词语甚至句子的能力。这类题型常见的问题方式有：By “”the author means .The phrase “” in the passage most properly means .The sentence “” in Para.X can be best replaced by .The word “” in Para X is closet in meaning to .推测词义的常用方法：a. 定义法文章的作者在行文中有时常常在文章中解释某些词语。作者会通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用某些标点符号等。Eg: She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well.(bilingual: )b. 近义复述法同一篇文章中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有相互解释的作用。这样，我们就可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。Eg: It is difficult to list all of my fathers attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities. (attributes: )C. 并列对比法利用上下文中的对比或并列表达猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。在内容上表示并存的事物现象，共同说明一个话题，通常有and,or, asas, apart from, like, similar等连接词提示。Eg: If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”.(dissent: )d. 举例法举例和列举也是常用的猜词手段。举例通常以for example, for instance, like, such as, and so on, that is 来表示。Eg: He likes reading periodicals, such as Readers Digest, Newsweek and Time Magazine. (periodical: )(3) 事实细节题事实细节题的目的是考察考生正确把握文中信息的能力。因此需要考生读懂原文，从而迅速在文章中找出所需的信息。在查找信息时，一定要认真理解题意，准确找出问题答案信息的出处。这类题型常见的问题方式有：According to the passagewhere(when, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)The author mentionsWhich of the following does the author discuss?Whose suggestion was adopted at the meeting?How did the man carry out the experiment?Which of the following statements is not true(correct)?例 1 The murder took place around ten oclock p.m. on June 10. Thirty-two people watched kitty being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet, none of the 32 helped her. Not even one called the police. Was this inhuman cruelty(狠心)？Was it lack of feeling for ones fellow man? “Not so,” say scientists Dr. Darley and Dr. Fatane. Theyve found the reasons why people dont care. According to them, a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice there is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall onto the ground. Is he having a heart attack, or some other physical trouble? Or is he simply about to sleep off a drunk(醉酒)？So its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel himself responsible. He must feel that he must help. The researchers found that a lot of such situations depend on how many people are around. They asked college students to come in to be “tested”. Some came alone, some with one or two others, and some in large groups. When they came in , either alone, in pairs, or in groups, a lady went into the next room. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of something falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility.1. Which of the following is an emergency?A. Someone is falling on the groundB. Someone is having a heart attackC. Someone is having a troubleD. Someone is sleeping off a drunk2. When a person notices an emergency, he must before he acts to help.A. feel himself responsibleB. call the policeC. hear a cry for helpD. be with a group3. Americans dont in a group.A. notice an emergencyB. go through two steps before they actC. depend on each otherD. feel direct responsibility例2 Country music is an American popular music style. In its current form, country music is a combination of two separate musical traditions: the styles of the Southeastern states and the music of the Southwest, especially Texas. Both styles influenced and were influenced by the blues and by black rural dance music. The first country artists to be widely known achieved popularity in the late 1920s. The music of these performers was heard throughout the south during the 1920s and 1930s on radio programs. By the 1950s, country music had become a significant force in pop music. Regular appearances on the radio show made stars of many performers. The singer song writer Hank Williams wrote four million-seller songs in 1950, seven in 1951, and four more in 1953. By the 1970s, some country musicians began combining country music with electric instruments, creating a country roack sound.1. Country music was not really an important pop music until .A. 1920s B. 1930s C. 1940s D. 1950sPassage 1（生活篇） Once upon a time-last week, as it happens- the schools secretary, Ed Balls, called on parents to read a bedtime story to their children every night. And it was surely by complete coincidence that the Daily Mirror began giving away a dozen Ladybird books so that yound readers could enjoy such traditional adventures as Hansel and Gretel, Little Red Riding Hood, and The Three Little Pigs. Of course, there will have to be a few changes if the government is to give official backing to these traditional stories. Lets start with Little Red Riding Hood. And lets ignore the fact that this little girls mother sends her alone into the woods, even though a well-known wolf is at large. The more serious issue is the storys misleading picture of the National Health Service. Why is the Little Red Riding Hoods grandmother left alone in her woodside cottage? When in the real world she would be treated in a district general hospital where the number of patients being eaten by wolves has dropped to virtually zero since Labour came to power in 1997? Then there is the woodcutter, who rescues grandma in the story by attacking the wolf with his axe. That would now be out of the question without a full risk assessment. Whats more, the people of Health and Safety people might want to know what he is doing working in the woods without a safety harness and a proper hard hat. Officials would also have issues with The Three Little Pigs. The story is very clear when it comes to building materials; one little pig builds a house with straw, another uses twigs, while another builds with bricks. Yet the details are much more hazy(模糊) about planning permission. And as for Hansel and Gretel, who explains to their father that they have murdered their stepmother because she was a witch who lived in a house made of sweets-yes, children, now tell that to the nice judge.1. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A. Daily Mirror handed out books in response to Balls call.B. Ed Balls insisted telling story during day was time-wasting.C. Daily Mirror set out to distribute books last week.D. Ed Balls aimed to popularize traditional story among children.2. What does “a few changes” in the second paragraph refer to?A. Changes of the contents of traditional child stories.B. Changes of the number of Ladybird books.C. Changes of the popularity of bedtime story.D. Changes of parents attitude towards child stories.3. By saying “Where the number of patientscame to power in 1997”(line 3-4, Para.4), the author wants to convey the message that .A. the district general hospital has reduced death rate to zeroB. wolves have been driven away from district hospitals since 1997C. the suffering of the grandmother is far away from the realityD. all patients have received free treatment in district general hospitals4. Besides lakcing of risk consciousness, whats the problem with the woodcutter?A. Idling away time in workplaceB. Devoting too much to his workC. Breaking the law of forestryD. Unknowing of safe guarding5. What is the authors purpose in writing this article?A. To compare the content of fairytales with real life.B. To suggest the government changing the contents of fairytalesC. To advise parents to prevent their children from reading fairytalesD. To call on people to give a health and safety guide to fairytales.Passage 2(文化篇) “Hello” became popular as a greeting with the invention of the telephone. It is said that Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, was the first person to use “hello” in a telephone conversation. For the first several years that telephone were in service, the opening phrase in a conversation was usually, “Are you there?” Perhaps this was because it was difficult for the two parties to hear each other, and because the phones werent completely reliable. Nevertheless, “Hello” quickly became a popular greeting and also started appearing in everyday speech. Many different words have been used over time to attract a distant persons attention. “Hello” has had many variations throughout the historyof the English language. It may have originated as a variation of the familiar “ahoy” that sai