高中英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及习题.doc

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 : 表示目的或未完成的动作，也可以修饰前面名词或代词 b.动名词 ：修饰名词，表示它的性质，或放介词后面做宾语 c.分词 现在分词 ：表示和逻辑主语为主动关系，或表示动作的进行 过去分词：表示和逻辑主语为被动关系，或表示已经动作已经完成)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式1 动词不定式的时态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式（not）to do(not) to be doing(not) to have done(not) to have been doing动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后谓语动词的动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在发生动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作或特定时间之前动词不定式的动作在谓语动词动作之前，且一直在持续练习：1. Im very happy (hear) that the German team won the match.2. She is said (study) in France.据说她正在法国留学。3. He pretended (sleep) when his younger brother came in.当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。4. When you called me up, I happened (prepare) dinner.你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。5. You are lucky （get）tickets to the football match.你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。6. He appears (wait) here for a long time.他似乎在这里等了很久。（仍然在等待）单选1. We agreed here but so far she has not turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met2. Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented3. Tom happened when they spoke ill of him.A. passing by B. to be passing by C. to passing by D. to having passed by4. The doctor warned the patient not to eat sugar. Im sorry told you about it.A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having5. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Li Na, who was said a miracle in the tennis.A. making B. having made C. to have made D. make6. The police are now searching for a woman who is reported to since the earthquake hit the area.A. have been missing B. miss C. be missed D. have missed2 动词不定式的被动语态一般式完成式to be doneto have been done不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前1. She asked (send) to work in Tibet.她要求被派到西藏去工作。2. In general, people do not like (make fun of).一般说来，人们都不喜欢被他人取笑。3. The book is said (translate) into more than 30 languages.据说这本书已被翻译成了30多种语言。注意：动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见情形1. 名词/代词 + be + easy/ difficult/ fit + 动词不定式2. There be + 名词 + to do这周有很多家庭作业要做。 3. Sb have/ get/ want/ need + 宾语+ to do我有一些椅子要修。 4. give / show/ buy/ lend sb sth to doHe will show you the way to take. Please lend him some books to read.5. be to blame for The firm was to blame for the accident.单选1. The message is very important, so it is supposed out as soon as possible.A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears Everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told3. When elephants eat huge quantities of leaves and grasses, other animals have trouble finding enough food .A. to be eaten B. eating C. to eat D. being eaten4. In many peoples opinion, the CEO of the company, though relatively young, is pleasant .A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with3 动词不定式作主语(1) 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）/ It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. / It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. / Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.练习：1. basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. To know D. Being known2. According to the doctor, would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it3. Its standard practice for a company like this one a security officer.A. employed B. employing C. to employ D. employs4. takes confidence to make a new starttheres a dark period in-between where youare neither one thing nor the other.A. That B. This C. One D. It5. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness .A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made四，动词不定式作宾语1. 常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等They wanted _to get_( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _to be_( be ) a professor.2. it作形式宾语 I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him3. Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1)Wethought_it_better_to_startearly. .2)Doyouconsider_it_betternot_to_go?3)Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat. 4)We think _ it _ important _ to _ obey the law.4. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. / No one could tell me where to get the book /. I havent decided whether to go or stay. 5. 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做remember to do记得要做 remember doing 记得做过forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing忘记做过try to do企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）regret to do遗憾要做 regret doing后悔做过mean to do 打算做mean doing意味做1).In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A_ther hour. A .waiting B. to waiting C. wait D. to be waiting2).Boys, dont forget _D_ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close3).She reached the top of the hill and stopped _C on a big rock. A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4).Remember _A_ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off6. 有些动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意思差别不大，如like/ love / begin/ start/ prefer/ continue/ hate/ intend to do/ doing7. feel / find/ make/ think/ believe/ consider it + adj./ n. + 不定式8. advise/ decide/ discuss/ learn/ know/ show/ tell + 疑问词+不定式9. 介词but/ except/ besides + to do介词but/ except/ besides 前面有实义动词do及其各种形式时，but/ except/ besides + do (to 省略)The young man had no choice but (go) abroad for further study at that time.What can Mary do besides (try) to sell her house?He used to do nothing but (lie) in bed, listening to the radio.She wants nothing but (drink) a cup of tea.单选1. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported2. The citizens were told firecrakers after the Spring Festival.A. not set off B. dont set off C. not setting off D. not to set off3. In the west, people make a rule to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.A. this B. that C. it D. one4. We feel our duty to make our country a better place.A. it B. this C. that D. one5. The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.A. it B. them C. her D. that6. The teacher asked us so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make5 动词不定式定语1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? /I want something to eat.2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there. 3)The+序数词+（名词）+不定式 She is always the last （person） to leave the room.4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词 1.The house is not big enough for us all_A_. A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _A_?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写）单选1. My five-year plan is into different markets and open up an entity that focuses solely on nonprofit organisations.A. expand B. to expand C. to be expanding D. to have expanded2. There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solving B. solved C. being solved D. to be solved3. That econimic boom led to Luanda being named the most expensive city in the world .A. to live in B. to live C. living D. living in4. The last one pays the meal.Agreed!A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving6 动词不定式作状语1. 动词不定式作目的状语He drew a map to show us how to get to his house.To accomplish the task on time, we have to work day and night.为了加强语气，在动词不定式前面可以加in order/ so asHe ran very quickly so as to/ in order to catch the last bus.注意：so as to 引出的目的状语不能放在句首； in order to 引出的目的状语既可以放在句首也可以放在句子后部。2. 动词不定式作结果状语1. only/ never + 动词不定式：强调结果和失望的情绪。They hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had left.He went off to the war, never to return alive.2. Sb be + 对人进行表扬或批评的形容词（right/ polite/ crazy/ geneous/ kind/ nice/ greedy/ silly）+ 动词不定式练习：1. He rushed back to collect his camera after the quake, only that the building had collapsed.A. finding B. having found C. found D. to find2. the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working out B. Worked out C. To work out D. Work out3. I hope to take the computer course.Good idea. more about it, visit our website.A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out4. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only it didnt fit.A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found5. Group activities will be organised after class the children develop the team spirit.A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help6. When you are out in nature, it is important to speak softly frighten the animals away.A. so not as to B. so as to not C. so as not to D. not so as to7 动词不定式作补足语advise, allow, permit, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, persuade, request+sb. to do其中advise, allow, permit后面没有人作宾语时要跟doing. 即：advise/allow/permit doing sth. / advise/allow/permit sb. to do sth.注意不定时的省略现象：（1） 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾（五）看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things. He is often heard _to sing_(sing) the song. Though he often made his desk mate _cry