英语学科教育学九大理论.doc

英语学科教育学九大理论（The nine theories of English subject educology）1、 Brunner s discovery learning theoryCharacter: students interact with environment by exploring manipulating objects and wresting questions and controversies or performing experience.Advantages: 1. Encourage active engagement 2. Promote motivation 3. Promote autonomy responsibility independence 4. Promote creativity and problem solving skillsDisadvantages: waste a lot of time and do it uneasy, maybe the students learn knowledge not the teacher requirement2、 Chomskys social constructivist theory and zone of proximal developmentZone of proximal is distance between potential developmental level and actual developmental level of solving problems. Character: need help-independent solving3、 Skinners verbal behavior Character: language acquisition is the process of habitat formation and set of habitatUS-UR(unconditional stimulus- unconditional response)CS-CR US+NS-UR (neutral)Chomsky against it because he think it is lack of evidence.Disadvantages: the theory overlook the speaker internal factors in the process Contrastive analysis hypothesis: target language and mother tongueDisadvantage： not all language errors can be predicated4、 Piagets view of language acquisition1. The Sensory-motor stage from ages 0-2 (understanding environment)2. The Preoperational stage from ages 2-7（understanding symbols）3. The concrete operational stage from 7-11 (mental tasks and language use)4. The formal operational stage from 11 onwards(dealing with abstractions) 5、 Cognitive language acquisition view1. Ausubel s meaningful learning theoryMeaningful learning instead of rote learning, students must relate new knowledge(concepts and propositions)to what they already know.2. Cognitive theoryCognitive psychologists see second language acquisition as constructing process of knowledge systems that can eventually the called automatically for speaking and understanding.6、 The discourse theory(result from language use) Communication competence includes:1. the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary2. the knowledge of rules of speaking3. the knowledge of how to use and respond to different types of speech acts and social conventions4. the knowledge of how to use language appropriately7、 The speech act theoryCharacter: actions (say something is the way of doing something)Propositional meaning and Illocutionary meaningLocutionary act: say something with a certain meaning in traditional senseIllocutionary act: convincing persuading deterring1. Assertives 2.directives 3.commissives 4.expressives 5.declaratives8、 The universal grammarPositive evidence and Negative evidenceDirect access: language acquisition devicesIndirect accessPartial accessNo accessDisadvantages: 1. UG proponents have to deal with acquisition to account for the language itself 2. Chomsky only learned the core language not learn peripheral grammar2. communication is discarded 4. Methodological 9、 The monitor model hypothesis1. The acquisition-learning theory(acquisition is subconscious and learning is conscious)2. The natural order hypothesis3. The input hypothesis(The understanding input; The relevant input; no grammatically