2013年职称英语公开课讲义11-2(2012年真题整合版).doc

权威名师 应试绝技 直击考点 成功过关全国专业技术人员英语等级考试试题(题型介绍及解题技巧)第1部分：词汇选项（115题，每题1分，共15分）（“送分题”，争取15分全部拿到）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1. He shifted his position a little in order to alleviate the pain in his leg.A.control B. ease C. experience D. suffer2. Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.A.offer B. provide C. modernize D. fund3. She moves from one exotic location to another.A.unusual B. familiar C. similar D. proper4. Nothing would induce me to vote for him again.A.teach B. help C. discourage D. attract5. The photographs evoked strong memories of our holiday in France.A.refreshed B. stored C. blocked D. erased6. The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hot B. heavy C. fresh D. windy7. Every week the magazine presents the profile of a well-known sports personality.A.success B. description C. evidence D. plan8. Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous completely.A.slightly B. completely C. partly D. faintly9. The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A .big B. empty C. long D. now10. We almost ran into a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtook B. hit C. passed D. found11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a peep look.A. chance B. visit C. look D. try12. He has been granted asylum in France.A.power B. relief C.protection D. license13. He was weary of the constant battle between them.A. fond B. tired C. proud D. afraid14. Newborn babies can discriminate between a mans and a womans voice.A. treat B. distinguish C. express D. analyzes15. All the flats in the building had the same layout arrangement.A. color B. size C. function D. arrangement解题技巧1词汇选项题的转化：由句子题变成单词对应题，实质就是把有语境的句子翻译题目一步转变成在五个单词（组）中寻找两个同义词的题目。2利用查字典方法，确定正确答案：（1）选项查找的顺序问题。（2）选项在字典中义项的确定问题。（3）在确定了正确答案之后，其他选项就不必再查了。3词汇选项题需要注意的原则：（1）（不）及物性一致的原则（2）单（复）数一致的原则（3）时态一致原则（4）意义一致原则（5）词性一致原则第2部分：阅读判断（1622题，每题1分，共7分）（“题型独特，难度较大”，争取靠解题技巧和方法至少拿到4分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。In Sports, Red is the Winning ColorWhen opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors. When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout. Where there was a large point differencepresumably because one contestant was far superior to the othercolor had no effect on the outcome, Barton said. Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say. Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament. Their report will be published in tomorrows issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature. Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, addding that the idea of the study is very clever. Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primatesred seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels, Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps. Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds dominance. Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that there might be a similar effect in humans. And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans response to color. Setchell, the primatologist, agrees. As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when were scared. These are very important signals to other individuals, she said. The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sportsthough it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least, Barton said. He adds that the finding of reds advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire. In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case, Barton said. Meanwhile, Setchell notedtongue-in-cheekthat a red advantage may not be limited to sports. Going by the recent U.S. election results, red is indeed quite successful, she said.练习：16. Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.17. Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.18. Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.19. Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.20. The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.21. Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.解题步骤 STEP1定位，找出题目在原文中的出处。关键词的定义。 STEP2判断，根据十二个原则和规律确定正确答案。 阅读判断选项的深入分析 1Right 第一种情况：题目是原文的同义表达。 第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成。 2Wrong 第一种情况：题目与原文直接相反。通常用反义词、not加同义词及反义词结构。 第二种情况：原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件（出现must或only）。 第三种情况：原文为人们对于某种事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明。 第四种情况：原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词。 第五种情况：原文中包含条件状语，题日中去掉条件成分。 3Not Mentioned 第一种情况：题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及。 第二种情况：题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是更具体。第三种情况：原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，题目是事实。第3部分： 概括大意与完成句子（2330题，每题1分，共8分）（“难度较大”，争取靠解题技巧和方法至少拿到5分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Are You a Successful Leader?1. Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation. At work or at play, youll find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to make changes. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success. Partly because we need to do it so often.2. In almost every situation where youre in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and other disappears. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.3. Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carlucci says, “True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens.” Theyre people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural born leaders, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders dont make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.4. Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B. These techniques are used to train leaders.C. Training can make good leaders.D. Most of good leader are natural-born.E. Its important to have a good leader.F. People are in groups. 23. Paragraph 1_.24. Paragraph 2_.25. Paragraph 3_.26. Paragraph 4_.A. the ability to work with others.B. encouraging group membersC. lack of good leadersD. bossing people aroundE. working out good strategiesF. overcoming fears about being a leader27. One of the major keys to success is _.28. Groups often break down because of _.29. Good leaders always avoid _.30. Self-confidence is the key to _.解题思路1） 前四道题根据题号后面的段落序号，在指定的段落内找重要信息。2） 一般情况下，重要信息会在以下词附近出现：but, because, 长串专有名词等等。3） 利用复现法。4） 后四道题根据语法、常识、利用提干中关键词回归原文定位。5）目标：3-4分第4部分： 阅读理解（3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Going Her Own WayWhen she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic finishing schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the classical schools and the technical schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people including Marias father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father sapproval. She finally did，with her mothers help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Marias father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.31. Maria wanted to attend_.A) private “finishing” schoolB) school with Latin and GreekC) technical high schoolD)school for art and music32. In those days, most Italian girls_.A) went to classical schoolsB) went to “finishing” schoolsC) did not go to high schoolD) went to technical schools33. You can infer from this passage that_. A) girls usually attended private primary schoolsB) girls did not like going to schoolC) only girls attended classical schoolsD:Maria is a girl has very strong will34. Marias father probably_.A) had very modern views about womenB) had very traditional views about womenC) had no opinion about womenD) thought women could not learn Latin35. High school teachers in Italy In those days were_. A) very modernB) very intelligentC) quite scientificD) quite strict第二篇 Small But WiseOn December 14, NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Dont let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe, including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.Im very excited because were going to be seeing parts of the universe that we havent seen before, said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit4 (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE wont be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow, is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, theyre processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras dont see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.Thats a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes cant. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They dont reflect light, so theyre difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids. Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISEs pictures. These objects are failed stars which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead, brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. Theyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.36.What is so special about WISE?A) It is small in size but carries a large camera.B) It is as small as a trashcan.C) Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D) Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.37. Which is NOT the synonym for the word snap in the third paragraph?A) make.B) shoot.C) take.D) photograph.38. The camera on WISEA) is no different from an ordinary camera.B) does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C) catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D) reflects light that human eyes can see.39. Which of the following is NOT correct about asteroids according to paragraph 7?A) Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B) Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C) It is difficult to take asteroids pictures by ordinary cameras,D) The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids40.What is implied in the last paragraph?A) Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B) Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C) Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D) Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.第三篇 New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS VirusNew Att