直接引语变间接引语的转换.doc

直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.（二）时态的变化 如果主句谓语动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。He says, “I have been writing a novel.”- He says that he has been writing a novel. He says:thats all right.- He says thats all right. 如果主句谓语动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:I am a student.- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said：He will go to see his friend-She said he would go to see his friend.( 一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tom said:I am going to play basketball tomorrow.Tom said he was going to play basketball the next day. The teacher said, “You are doing OK.” 老师说：“你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were doing OK.老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said, “I am reading a book. She said she was reading a book. I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?” 我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spent her holiday.我问她去哪里度假（现在完成时变为过去完成时）She said, “I went to Shanghai.” 她说：“我去过上海。”She said that she had gone to Shanghai. 她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）He said, “I had finished my work before 10 oclock.” 他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”He said that he had finished his work before 10 oclock. 他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变1.直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.- The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said:I was doing chores when Tom came in.-Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said:I was born on April 21,1980- Jack said he was born on April 21,1980.4. 直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。He said:I get up at six every morning.- He said he gets up at six every morning.5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。The doctor said ,You should stay in bed for 2 days.- The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”直 接 引 语间 接 引 语now 现在then 那时today 今天that day 那天this evening 今晚that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天yesterday morning 昨天上午the morning before前一天上午last night 昨天晚上the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 两天前two days before 两天前next week 下周the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/two days after 两天后地点状语here变为there “Well leave here tomorrow,” he said. 他说：“我们明天离开这里。”He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：this-that, these-thoseHe said:This book is mine.- He said that book was his.动词come变成go（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：He said,“Im happy.”- He said （that） he was happy.2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” -He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. 3.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。如：He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”-He asked me where Mr Wang was.（注：He asked me,“Which is the best? She asked me:What is in the classroom? 4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语改为tell,ask,order sb (not) to do sth 句型，表示命令。如：Dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students. -The teacher told the students not to make any noise.Open the door,please, she said .-She