英语倍数、增减法、转换法的应用翻译.doc

转换法补充一：由动词加后缀-er或-or构成的名词转译动词英语中带有后缀-er或-or的名词，有时在句中并不用来代指某人的身份或职业，而是带有较强的动作含义。英语中所特有的这种语言在汉语中往往难以找到类似结构的词语与之对应加以表达。汉语中虽然也有由动词后缀构成的名词，如“读者”、“驾驶员”、“清扫工”等，但这类名词在侧重表达动作意义时，一般宜转译为汉语的动词。例如：（1） Some of my classmates are good singers.我的同学中有些人歌唱得很好。（2） That well-known scientist was a great lover of literature when he was a child.那位著名科学家小时候酷爱文学。（3） He was a voraious reader, spending much of his days and evenings devouring.他读起书来，不分昼夜，废寝忘食。 （4）I am afraid I cannot teach you to operate the machine,but Tom will be a good teacher for you. 我未必能教你操作这台机器，而汤姆定能把你教会。（5） The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.计算机能比人检查的更细心、更勤快。 （6）The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors. 经济环境的特点就是买、卖与竞争。二：在习语化短语动词中作中心词的名词往往转译成动词英语中有大量习语化的短语动词，如“give a picture of ” , “have a try ”, “have a look at ”, “have a rest ”, “make mention of ”, “pay attention to ”, 和“take care of ”等，它们的中心词是名词，译成汉语时，一般可以转换成动词。例如：（1） The lecturer gave an excellent picture of the living conditions in Africa.演讲者生动地描绘了非洲的生活状况。（2） Anyone who has had a look at an old radio set will remember the large, heavy vacuum tubes and other components.任何看过老式收音机的人，一定会记得它的大而重的真空管和其他部件。（3）A baby has no knowledge of good and evil. 婴儿不懂善恶。（3） He made no mention of your suggestion at the meeting.他在会上未提及你的建议。（4） We can ask use of atomic energy in the production processes.我们可以在这些生产过程中利用原子能。（5） Attention should be paid to the separate filling of the oil receptacles.要注意给各个贮油器加油。三：形容词转换成动词英语形容词不少可以转译成动词。这种形容词大体包括两类：一类主要是由动词派生（或转换）而来，大多能引申出动作意义。另一类多用于表示各种心理状态，而这些心理状态在汉语中一般则用动词表达。由英语动词派生或转换成的形容词转译成汉语动词：形容词一般是属于静态的，主要用于表示人或事物的性质或状态等。但部分英语形容词，尤其是那些由动词派生或转换来的形容词（即所谓的同源形容词），能够引申出动作意味。汉译时，这些形容词往往转换成动词。例如：(1) A solar cell is reproductive by itself under any circumstances.太阳能电池在任何情况下都可以自行充电。 （2）Also present in solids are number of free electron. 固体中也存在着大量的自由电子。(4)The atoms of one element are different from those of other elements. 一种元素的原子不同于所有其他元素的原子。（6） Rheumatic and certain infectious diseases are commonly responsible for diseases of the heart valves. 风湿病和某些传染病常引起心瓣膜疾患。（7）A machine part must be made of a material that has properties suitable for the condition of service.常见的形容词短语：deficient in 缺乏destructive of (to) 有损于empty of 缺少；没有equivalent to 相当于exclusive of 不算；把除外full of 充满parallel to (with) 平行于peculiar to 限于；为所特有harmful to (有害于)inferable to 不及；次于next to 次于preferable to 优于；胜过responsible for 担负；负责short of 缺少；缺乏similar to 类似于subject to 经受；蒙受worthy of 值得Homework 1. We are exporters of the above goods, having a background of over 30 years.2. Employers by and large are resistant to mediation.3. The program was not popular with all of the troops.4. A call for papers is being issued.5. As he ran out, he forgot put his cap on.6. That dictionary