阅读理解A.doc

阅读理解A1、 People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. （残障人士占有人口的大部分比例。）It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are developmental, i.e., they occur prior to the individuals twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered adventitious, i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces. Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability. In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes. Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level. Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities, which might lead to the development of long-term relationships. It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.1）、A developmental disability _.A.develops very slowly over timeB.is caused by outside forcesC.occurs in youth and affects developmentD.is getting more and more severe答案：C2）、Most disabled people used to die early because _.A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functionsB.they could not receive medical careC.they were not very well looked afterD.they were too poor to get proper treatment答案：B3）、What are the two important obstacles that stop the disabled from participating in the society?A.Public awareness and povertyB.Poverty and lack of medical treatmentC.Lack of education and the right to voteD.Transport and public awareness答案：D4）、In the authors opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, _.A.more laws should be passedB.more public facilities should be set upC.government should provide more aidsD.public attitudes should be changed答案：D5）、The best title for this passage might be _.A.The difficulties of the DisabledB.Handicaps of People with DisabilitiesC.The Causes for DisabilitiesD.Medical Treatments for Disabilities答案：A2、 There will be lots of new aromas（香味）at the Rocky Gap Music Festival this weekend. （这个周末在罗基加普音乐节上将会有很多种新的香味。） Those aromas will come from cigars - lots of cigars. The organizers of this years festival decided to have a cigar bar at Rocky Gap after they saw the success of cigar bars at other music festivals. Lee Schwartz is the owner of a cigar store in Cumberland, Maryland. The festival organizers asked him if he would sell his cigars at the Rocky Gap festival. Schwartz thought it was a good idea. A larger number of people are now smoking cigars. There has been a huge increase in the number of people who smoke cigars. According to Schwartz, “the number of cigar smokers has exploded. International cigar sales have increased by 500 percent in the last three years.” Schwartz said that his store sells 70 different cigar brands. “Three years ago,” he said, “we sold about 150 cigars a month in my shop. Now that they are so popular, we sell about 450 a month.” There is a lot of demand for good, imported cigars. Schwartz said he gets his cigars from importers, manufacturers, and sales representatives. “Cigars became very popular a few years ago. But there was not enough supply to meet the demand, because it can take up to five years to produce a good, aged cigar,” Schwartz said. During the last few months, more cigars have become available. They are getting easier to find and buy now. In fact, cigar bars are opening all over the country. Both men and women enjoy cigars. Schwartz said that 75 percent of imported cigar manufacturers are Hispanic. “I found out,” he said, “that to conduct business, Im going to have to learn a second language.” 1）、The passage focuses on _.A.getting rid of smokingB.harms of having cigarsC.the increasing cigar saleD.the industry of cigarettes答案：C2）、Why did the organizers decide to have a cigar bar at the Music Festival?A.Cigars were sold well at other music festivals.B.They didnt have any stores to sell cigarettes.C.The state government required them to do so.D.Young people prefer cigars to anything else.答案：A3）、The word “explode” in the 2ndparagraph means _.A.to burst with a violent release of energyB.to increase quickly in a short periodC.to show a violent emotional reactionD.to emerge with violence or big noise答案：B4）、The amount of cigars sold in Schwartzs shop now is _times as many as three years ago. A.3B.4C.5D.6答案：A5）、We can infer from the last paragraph that _.A.Nobody liked cigars a few years agoB.many imported cigars are from IndiaC.women prefer cigarettes to cigarsD.good cigars may take long to produce答案：D3、Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women, （在殖民时期，女性成为紧缺资源）,which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This shortage enhanced （提高）womens status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The puritans （清教徒） regarded idleness as a sin （罪恶）, and believed that life in an underdevelopment country made it necessary that each member of the community performed an economic function. Thus work for women was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic （公民的） duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and independent women to be self-supporting. There was no social prohibition against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partly that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths and gunsmiths. They ran mills, plantations, shipyards, and every kind of shop. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, journalists, printers, nurses, and teachers.1）、What does the passage mainly discuss?A.Colonial marriages.B.The puritan religion.C.Colonial womens employment.D.Education in the colonies.答案：C2）、According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewest women?A.Puritan communities.B.Seaports.C.Frontier settlements.D.Capital cities.答案：C3）、It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans were _.A.uneducatedB.hardworkingC.generousD.wealthy答案：B4）、According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be _.A.financially responsible for herselfB.returned to EnglandC.supported by her familyD.trained to be a nurse答案：A5）、According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women?A.They should adopt needy children.B.They should assist in their husbands trade or business.C.They should work only within their own homes.D.They should be apprenticed.答案：B4、We do love our children, but what they can do to our marriages is another story.（我们的确爱我们的孩子，但是他们对我们的婚姻能起什么作用是另一码事。）A recent review found that marriage satisfaction dropped 42% after the first baby. The shift from lovers to parents can rock your marriage down to its roots. Thats why were here to help. First，dont blame yourselves on mistakes you made. Experts say the first baby is the biggest challenge your marriage will ever face. Youre both lack of experience, so its no big deal if each of you makes any mistake. Dont feel guilty or personally responsible for the mistakes and dont blame your spouse (配偶). Youre only responsible if you dont do anything to fix them up.Second, talk about your frustrations (沮丧) and fatigue. You must know that kisses and hugs are not all for caring for your little one; feeding, changing, bathing and entertaining your baby make you feel exhausted physically and mentally. You should find time to talk together about your frustrations, fatigue, and even moments of anger. These feelings are normal not a sign that youre a bad parent. Accepting each others feelings can even keep you feeling closer. Third, be frank about the losses as well as the gains. New parents often worried silently and separately about all the ways a new baby has changed their lives, creating marriage distance. A new dad may feel that the new baby has taken his place as number one in his wifes affection. A new mom may feel sad about the ways pregnancy, nursing, and the demands of child care have changed her body. These feelings are normal too. Sharing them will help you feel better.Finally, take part in groups for new parents. If you compare notes with other new parents, you can be provided with emotional support. You will also have a sense of sure that, no matter how busy things are, its just part of life. Youll be far less likely to blame your marriage and much more likely to find solutions and feel good about what youre doing together.1）、The purpose of the passage is to _.A.warn lovers not to have childrenB.do some researches on marriageC.teach people how to make friendsD.help lovers adapt to the role as parents答案：D2）、According to the author, it _ if you make mistakes when looking after your first baby.A.doesnt matterB.is importantC.can do harmD.is dangerous答案：A3）、Which of the following is suggested to be shared between couples?A.Frustrations.B.Fatigue.C.Anger.D.All of the above.答案：D4）、If you compare notes with other new parents, you will find _.A.life varies too muchB.its just part of lifeC.life is complicatedD.marriage is perfect答案：B5）、How many suggestions does the author give in this passage?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five答案：C5、 In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, （就像孩子必须在能够移动他的双手和双脚以后才能学会走路一样，）the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called classical conditioning. This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mothers face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called operant conditioning. An individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.1）、The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to _.A.give parents some advice on how to bring up childrenB.debate with psychologists on peoples positive and negative feelingsC.teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsD.inform the general reader of two basic processes of modifying emotions through learning答案：D2）、In classical conditioning, a child learns to _.A.associate one event with a reward or punishmentB.do things that produce rewardsC.receive a reward when he feel happyD.recognize his mothers face and voice答案：A3）、Which of the following is a case of “operant conditioning”?A.Children learn to do things that produce punishment.B.The baby feels happy when he sees his mothers face.C.Children learn to mix with others by reading, watching TV and so forth.D.The baby increases his crying because his mother attends to him whenever he cries.答案：D4）、The underlined word “fashion” can be replaced by “_”.A.vogueB.routeC.mannerD.fate答案：C5）、According to the passage, positive feelings include _.A.care, association, and nice personB.joy, happiness, and friendlinessC.comfort, cares, and angerD.reading, watching TV, and interacting with others答案：B6、The fridge is considered a necessity. （冰箱被认为是一个必需品。）It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label, “store in the refrigerator.”In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottlingWhat refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animal around the globe in search of a good price.Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house,while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off you fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. 1）、The statement In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. ( Para. 2) suggests that _.A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fiftiesB.the author was not accustomed to using fridges even in his fiftiesC.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950sD.the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s答案：C2）、Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.答案：D3）、Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?A.Inventors.B.Manufacturers.C.Consumers.D.Travelling salesmen.答案：B4）、Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment?A.Hum away continuously.B.Artificially-cooled space.C.Climatically almost unnecessary.D.With mild temperatures.答案：A5）、What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?A.Neutral.B.Objective.C.Critical.D.Compromising.答案：B7、At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. （在堪萨斯大学的艺术博物馆，研究者将来参观油画展览的人分成两组，测试不同颜色的墙对人的影响。）For the first group the room was painted white; for the second, the room was painted dark brown. Movement of each group was followed by an electrical system under the carpet. Investigators made careful observations and analyzed the data gathered and compared the differences between the two groups. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walk more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. So the conclusion can be reached like this: dark brown stimulate more activity, but the activity ended sooner.Not only the choice of colors but also the