第一部分必修5Unit 13 People.doc

话题：家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family，friends and people around you)【词汇积累】1.burden n负担2.reward v. 奖赏3.pressure n. 压力4.creative adj. 富有创造力的5.outstanding adj. 杰出的6.diligent adj. 勤奋的7.admire v. 钦佩；欣赏8.attitude n. 态度9.confidence n. 自信10.ambition n. 雄心壮志11.devote v. 奉献12.take care of 照顾13.be tired out 筋疲力尽14.bring up 抚养15.behave oneself 举止规矩16.be pleased with 对满意17.lose heart 灰心；泄气18.look down upon 看不起19.be upset about 对感到难过20.be patient with. 对耐心【佳句背诵】1.As is known to us all，children spend less time having hearttoheart talks with their parents when they grow older.众所周知，当孩子们长大的时候，他们花很少的时间与他们的父母进行知心的交谈。2.It is a common phenomenon in society that people are getting polite than they used to be.人们比过去更有礼貌，这是社会上的普遍现象。3.Only in this way can they better understand each other.只有这样他们才能更好地理解彼此。【试题展示】(2016河南顶级名校高三模拟)假如你是李华。你的两位朋友Tom与Peter几天前发生了争吵。3月19日是Peter的生日，Tom想送他一个礼物来缓和关系，他特地发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你根据以下要点给Tom回一封邮件。内容包括：1.礼物的选择；2.你的理由； 3.其他的和解建议。【佳作欣赏】Dear Tom，Im glad to hear that you are considering making up with Peter.If I were you，I would consider a bike as a birthday present for him.As far as I know，Peter is always in poor health so he can take more exercise by riding a bike to build up his body.In the meanwhile，you can often go outing by bike together，which is helpful to rebuild your friendship.Besides，taking a bike is an environmentally friendly means of transport.Apart from giving him a gift，you can also adopt other means.No matter what you do，being sincere is the most important.I really hope that you can be good friends forever.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua1gain vt.获得；增加2lawyer n. 律师3emergency n. 紧急情况4deserve vt. 应得，值得5accuse vt. 控告，谴责6biology n. 生物学7upset adj. 不安的，不快的8glare vi. 怒视，瞪9glance vi. 瞥一眼10satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星11companion n同伴，伴侣company n陪伴12strength n长处，优势strengthen v增强，加强strong adj.强壮的；强健的13appropriately adv.适当地appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的14concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)concentration n专心，专注15associate vt.联想；联系associated adj. 有关联的；相关的association n联想；协会16expression n表情；词语express vt.表达；表示expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的17connection n联系；连接connect vt.联系；连接18description n描述，形容describe v描写，描述19failure n失败fail vi.失败20relief n减轻，宽慰relieve v使安慰，缓解21independent adj.独立的independence n独立22satisfaction n满意，满足satisfy vt.使满意，使满足satisfied adj.感到满意的satisfying adj.令人满意的23requirement n要求require vt.要求24judge vt.评判judgement n判断，判断力25devote vt.献身于，专心致志于devotion n奉献devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的 用所给词的适当形式填空1The young man is very strong and he has enough strength to climb the mountain，for he has been doing exercise to strengthen his body.(strong)2I have never associated the plan with Mr.Green.To be honest，I dont want to be associated with Mr.Green.Id like to carry out the plan in association with a modest person.(associate)3Catherine threw up her arms in an expressive gesture and I knew that she would start to express herself.In my opinion，her beauty was beyond expression.(express)4From his satisfied expression，I knew that he was very satisfied with the experiment.In other words，the result of the experiment was satisfying.(satisfy)5Lucy is devoted to her music and she has devoted too much time to it.Meanwhile，she also shows devotion to the poor and the disabled.(devote)1come_up_with 提出，想出2concentrate_on 集中于；专注于3talk_o_doing_sth. 说服某人做某事4draw_up 起草5end_up 结果为；以结束6on_the_other_hand 另一方面7in_terms_of 就某事来说；从某个角度上看8be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事9react_to 对作出反应10deal_with 处理，对付11glare_at 怒视12cant_help_doing_sth. 禁不住要做某事13to_be_honest 说实话14be_devoted_to 奉献，致力于15compared_to/with 和比较起来 选用上面的短语填空I paid a visit to my friend Mark yesterday.When I got to his house，he was busy 1.drawing_up an important plan.He mistook me for his wife，which made me laugh.Mark is a person who always 2.concentrates_on his work.3.Compared_with his colleagues，he is weaker in 4.dealing_with all kinds of people.However，he often 5.comes_up_with a good idea when we get into trouble.1It is generally believed that.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.【仿写】人们普遍认为中国是足球的发源地。It_is_generally_believed_that China is the birthplace of football.2There is no/little doubt that.是固定句式，意为“毫无疑问”On the other hand，there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations；.【仿写】毫无疑问，我们必须尽全力对抗雾霾。There_is_no_doubt_that we should try our best to fight against the haze.3I dislike it when.，it作形式宾语，when引导的从句作真正的宾语I really dislike it when .【仿写】我不喜欢人们嘴里含着饭说话。I_dislike_it_when people talk with their mouths full.4thats why.“那就是的原因”，why引导表语从句Perhaps the postcode was wrong，and thats why the letter never arrived.【仿写】那部电影很感人，那就是我喜欢它的原因。The film is moving.Thats_why I like it so much.5if anything是一个省略句，意为“如果有什么不同的话”If anything，it made me even angrier.【仿写】我想要说有什么区别的话，她家比我家有钱。I think her family，if_anything，was richer than mine.阅读下面课文缩写材料， 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。I met my best friend for the first time when I 1.was_preparing(prepare)for an important exam in a library.Some people around me were making a noise,2.which disturbed me.3.When I heard a girl singing loudly behind me，I became even angrier.I glared at her and said something to her 4.angrily(angry)Later I left the library in such a hurry 5.that I left my important textbook behind.When I realized it，it was too late,6.for the library was closed.Just then，a girl 7.named(name) Jenny gave me a call and told me that she found a textbook with my name on it and she got my phone number 8.from the librarian.We agreed 9.to_meet(meet) at a shop.To my surprise，Jenny was the girl whom I had shouted at for singing！We 10.have_been(be)bestfriends since then.I am grateful that she is willing to forgive my shortcomings.本单元语法是过去分词和表示推测的情态动词。过去分词一般表示完成和被动，在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾补和状语。can，could，may，might，must皆可表示推测，其用法如下：(1)情态动词动词原形，表示对现在或将来情况的推测。(2)情态动词be doing，表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。(3)情态动词have done，表示对过去情况的推测。单句语法填空1The light is on and our teacher must be_correcting(correct)our exam papers.2Lucy would_have_arrived(arrive)here on time but she was caught in a traffic jam.3The road is very wet.It must_have_rained(rain)last night.4The old man went into the room, supported(support) by his wife.5She is talking with a young man dressed(dress)in white under that big tree. strengthnU力量，体力；C长处，强项(2015安徽高考阅读理解)Without the strength of the family，there is no business.没有这个家族的力量，就没有生意。 (1)build up ones strength增强实力The strength of.is that. 的优势是strengths and weaknesses 长处和弱点(2)strengthen vt. 加强，增强Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build up ones strength，but also develop ones character.练中国功夫不但能增强体质，而且还能培养一个人的品质。The strength of his diet is that_it contains plenty of vitamins and fibre.他的饮食的优势为其中含有丰富的维生素和纤维。The engineer said that the old bridge needs to_be_strengthened(strength)这位工程师说，这座古老的桥需要加固。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Trainers first of all have to know their strengths and weaknesses.(2)As far as I know, repairs are necessary to_strengthen(strength) the bridge.能力提升高考小作文(3)(福建高考)如果我们像一家人一样团结在一起， 互相照顾， 帮助那些需要帮助的人， 我们就能创造奇迹。 团结就是力量。 We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need.Unity_is_strength. concentratevi.集中(思想、注意力等)(教材P5)Excitement makes you pay attention and concentrate on what you are studying.兴奋会使你专心于你所学习的东西。 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth.专心(做)某事concentrate/fix/focus ones mind/attention/energy on. 集中注意力；致力于；专心于(2)concentration n. 集中；专心We must concentrate/fix/focus our attention on urgent problems.我们必须把注意力集中在紧急的问题上。(2015陕西高考阅读理解)Previous generations concentrated on getting_(get)children to school on time，fed，dressed and ready to learn.前面的几代人致力于让孩子按时入学，吃饱，穿暖，爱学习。表示“专心致志于”的表达方法还有：be devoted to；be buried in；be absorbed in；apply oneself to；put ones heart into等。一句多译你若集中精力学习英语， 你就会掌握这门语言。(concentrate)(1)If you concentrate(your_mind/attention/yourself)on English, you will master the language.(2)Concentrate(your_mind/attention/yourself)on English, and you will master the language.(3)Concentrating(your_mind/attention/yourself)on English will enable you to master the language. deservevi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得(佳句背诵)Since this student worked so hard on the posters，she deserves a prize，too.既然这个学生如此辛苦地绘制了这些海报，她也应该得到一份奖励。deserve to do.应该做；值得做deserve to be donedeserve doing 值得被做deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意Youve been working all the morning.I think you deserve to have a rest.你已工作了一个早上，我想你该休息一下了。To be honest，she is so hardworking that she deserves to_win(win)the contest.说实话，她那么努力，应该赢得这场比赛。In my opinion，her suggestion deserves consideration/to_be_considered/considering(consider)，for it is very practical.我认为她的建议值得考虑，因为这个建议很实用。deserve to be done与deserve doing用法相同，动名词的主动形式表被动意义，用法相同的单词还有need，want，require等。高考小作文(1)(广东高考)无论一个工作多么普通， 它在社会中都起着重要作用， 因此值得我们的尊重。 No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.(2)这个学生做了那样一件错事，是应该受到惩罚的。The student had done so bad a thing that he deserved punishing/to_be_punished/punishment(punish) accusevt.控告，谴责(教材P9)Accused of stealing money，the man was brought to court.那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。accuse sb.of (doing) sth.因而控告某人charge sb.with (doing) sth. 指控某人犯blame sb.for (doing) sth. 为某事而责备某人scold sb.for (doing) sth. 为某事而批评某人punish sb.for (doing) sth. 为某事而惩罚某人The star has been accused of doing good things only to acquire a good reputation.那位明星被指责做好事的目的只是为了沽名钓誉。Her son was charged with cheating in the examination，which made her very angry.她的儿子被指控考试作弊，这让她很生气。This morning Jack was blamed for being late for school.今天早晨，杰克因上学迟到而受到了责备。完成句子/句式升级(1)他被指控从工厂里偷电脑，所以被解雇了。He was fired because he was_accused_of_stealing computers from the factory.(2)用过去分词短语改写(1)Accused_of_stealing_computers_from_the_factory，he_was_fired. desiren渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(2015福建高考阅读理解)Whatever our circumstances，we generally still have dreams，hopes and desires.无论我们的环境如何，总的来说，我们还是有梦想、希望和渴望的have a desire for sth./ to do.渴望得到/做desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事desire that. 渴望that从句中用 (should)doThe organizer said that anyone desiring to vote must come to the meeting.组织者说，任何想投票的人都必须来参加会议。We desire you to_complete (complete)the work within one month of the start date.我们想要你开始后一个月内完成工作。We desire that immediate help(should)be_given(give)to the villagers trapped by the flood.我们渴望给予那些被洪水围困的村民立即的救援。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Devoted to her career, she has no desire to_become(become) a wife and mother.(2)My parents desired me to_enter(enter) a key university.能力提升一句多译我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。(3)Each student in our class has_a_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n)(4)Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v)(5)Each student in our class desires_that_they_(should)_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire vt.)upsetadj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱(教材P12)Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news.他们的朋友真的很不安，一直在焦急地等待更多的消息。 (1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心(2)upset oneself about sth. 使某人为某事烦恼It upsets sb.that. 让某人心烦的是(2015广东高考阅读理解)I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.我通常会变得非常烦躁，总是问他为什么会这样。In my opinion，there is no point in getting upset about/over/at it.依我看来，为此事烦恼没有任何意义。Dont upset yourself_(you)about itno harm has been done.不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。基础练习单句语法填空(1)He stood up suddenly, upsetting a cup of coffee on my shirt, which made him upset.(upset)能力提升一句多译(2014山东高考书面表达)我曾经不擅长英语， 掌握词汇少， 语法也差， 这确实使我伤心。(2)Once I was not very good at English. I didnt know enough words and my grammar was also poor which_really_upset_me.(upset vt.)(3)Once I was not very good at English. I didnt know enough words and my grammar was also poor，and it_really_made_me_upset.(upset adj.)The little boy is doing his homework while two flies are always upsetting him，and he is upset about them, only to upset the glass full of water. reliefn宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除；缓和(教材P12)Itll be a real relief when theyre found.当找到他们后的确会令人很宽慰。 (1)to ones relief使某人宽慰的是with relief 宽慰地(2)relieve v. 解除；减轻；缓和relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)We breathed a sigh of relief when the missing boy was sent home.失踪的孩子被送回了家，我们长舒了一口气。To her relief(relieve)，someone had found the keys and handed them in.使她欣慰的是，有人捡到了钥匙并交了上来。Just at that time a man came up to her and offered to relieve her of her suitcase.正在那时，一个男人走近她，主动要帮她提箱子。写作佳句他妈妈轻松地笑着说：“你确实需要那个假期来帮你恢复。”“Youll really need that break to help you recover，”laughed his mother with_relief.To their parents relief，the children were sent to the hospital safely and took the medicine that relieved them of their pain.We all sighed with relief when we heard the good news.accountvi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有n说明；理由；计算；账目；报道(佳句背诵)The study aims to give an account of modern attitudes towards education.该研究旨在阐述现代人对待教育的态度。 (1)on account of 因为，由于take account of/o account 把考虑在内on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)(2)account for 说明(原因等)；做出解释； 占(比例)The woman couldnt work much when she was young on account of her children.这个女人因为孩子的缘故年轻时没能去工作。If you take everything into account，we actually spend less now.如果你把全部因素考虑在内，我们现在其实是花费少了。A number of factors account for the differences between the two scores.若干因素导致了这两个分数之间的不同。根据提示， 在下面表示“决不” 的短语中填入介词。 (1)in no case(2)by no means(3)at no time(4)in no way(5)under no circumstances一句多译(2014浙江高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。 (1)I sincerely hope that you will take_my_suggestions_into_account. (account)(2)I sincerely hope that you will take_account_of_my_suggestions. (account)(3)I sincerely hope that you will take_my_suggestions_into_consideration. (consideration)(4)I sincerely hope that you will consider_my_suggestions.(consider)Darling, you said you couldnt understand why I was so depressed.Last month, I went to the bank, ready to open a bank account.But taking the low interests into account, I changed my mind.I bought a house with the money I had saved for years.However, on account of the new policy the price of the house went down sharply.That accounted for my being so disappointed.judgev判断；评价；判决；评判 n裁判员；法官；评判员(2015福建高考完形填空)Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly(刻薄)很快，她学会了欣赏享受生活，而不是刻薄地评判每件事了。 (1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为(2)judging from/by 从上看； 根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断；评价make a judgement 作出判断The companys success can be judged from its growing sales.该公司的业绩可以根据其不断增长的销售额来判断。I think that it is difficult to make a judgement (judge)about other people in that case.我认为，在那种情况下，对别人作出判断是很难的。Judging (judge)from/by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.从她上封信来看，他们过得非常愉快。judging from/by 用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。写作佳句(1)据我判断，你更有可能获得那份工作。As_far_as_I_can_judge，it is more likely that you will get the job.(2)常言道， 我们不能以貌取人。 As the saying goes, “We should never judge a person by/from his looks.” devotevt.献身于，专心致志于(2015安徽高考阅读理解)Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth.因为这种无私奉献的行为方式，这些小生物在地球上幸存了下来 (1)devote. to.把致力于；专心于devote oneself to. 献身于；专心于(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；挚爱的be devoted to. 专心于；对忠诚(3)devotion n. 关爱；忠诚；奉献The newspaper has begun devoting more review space to childrens books.该报纸已开始拿出更多版面来刊登儿童书籍评论文章了。From my first job at the restaurant，I learned teamwork and devotion(devote)从我在餐馆的第一份工作中，我学会了合作与奉献。The majority of her adult life was devoted(devote)to the relief of suffering.她的绝大部分成年生活都投入到解救苦难的工作中。to用作介词的动词短语还有：pay attention to注意get used/accustomed to 习惯于stick to 坚持get down to 开始着手做某事object to 反对基础练习单句语法填空(1)Mr.Smith made up his mind to devote all he had to setting (set) up some schools for poor children.(2)Her son, to whom she is so devoted, went abroad last year, leaving her alone in the small village.(3)Devoting oneself will make us feel joyful, and that kind of feeling satisfaction will help you to devote continuously.(devote)能力提升一句多译一心投入到教育失聪儿童， 这位年轻女士很少有时间照顾她自己的女儿。 (4)Devoting_herself_to_teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. (现在分词作状语)(5)Devoted_to_teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. (过去分词作状语)Mrs. White, a devoted friend of mine, devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to children made us moved. in terms of.就来说；从角度(佳句背诵)The job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages.就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。come to terms with 达成协议，和好；接受，适应be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好in the long/short term/run 就长远/短期而言The savings，both in terms of time and money，could be considerable.节省下来的时间和金钱可能相当可观。They had to come to terms with each other no matter what happens.无论发生什么，他们总得达成妥协。The couple quarreled so often.Two years later，they parted on_good terms.这对夫妇经常吵架。两年后，他们友好分手了。高考小作文(1)(2014浙江高考书面表达)就激发对科学发现的好奇心而言， 我们最需要的是科普书籍。In_terms_of_arousing_the_curiosity_about_scientific_discoveries，what we need most are popular science books.(2)学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远来看它总是有益的。Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial in_the_long_term_/run. cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事(教材P14)I couldnt help l