新世纪大学英语课后精讲 (6).doc

Unit 6Difficult Sentences1. Our hotels were “tourist traps”What does “tourist trap” mean?(= It refers to a place, such as a shop or resort area, that offers overpriced goods and services to tourists.) 2. We found a boring looking little joint carelessly decorated for the holiday.Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 我们找到了一家小餐馆，这小店看着很乏味，只是随便装饰了一下来应节。)3. I was too stubborn and too tired and miserable to leave.Paraphrase the sentence.(= I was so tired and unhappy that I insisted on staying here instead of looking for a better restaurant.)4. She wore a dripping, ragged overcoat, and dragged herself in on wet, rundown shoes.What can you infer from the sentence?(= She was so poor that she had to sell flowers even on a rainy Christmas Eve. It seemed that she hadnt sold any flower, so she had to go on selling until she was completely wet and it was time to have Christmas dinner.)5. “may I have permission to present this flower to your beautiful daughter?”Why did the sailor use “daughter”?(= It was probably a compliment, meaning that the wife looked young, or he might intentionally said so just to cheer them up.)6. The piano player began to sing loudly “Good King Wenceslaus.”What is “Good King Wenceslaus”? (= One of the best loved Christmas carols is the 129-year-old carol “Good King Wenceslaus.” In 1853, John Mason Neale chose Wenceslaus as the subject for a childrens song to exemplify generosity. It quickly became a Christmas favorite.)Who is King Wenceslaus? (= Wenceslaus was the Duke of Bohemia (波希米亚) who was murdered in 929 AD. As the song indicates, he was a good, honest, and strongly principled man. The song praises his high moral character by describing King Wenceslaus braving a fierce storm in order to help feed a poor neighbour. Wenceslaus believed that his Christian faith needed to be put into action in practical ways. He was Bohemias most famous martyr and patron saint. His picture appeared on Bohemian coins, and the Crown of Wenceslaus became the symbol of Czech (捷克) independence.)7. One of the French families called for champagne made the rounds, kissing each of us on both cheeks.Translate the sentence.(= 其中的一家法国人要来了香槟到每张桌上给人敬酒，亲吻每个人的双颊。)8. The owner of the restaurant started “The First Noel,” and we all joined in, half of us crying.What is “The First Noel”? (= “The First Noel” is a traditional English Christmas carol, most likely from the 16th or 17th century, but possibly dating from as early as the 13th century. The word Noel comes from the French word Nol meaning “Christmas”.) 9. The walls shook as hands and feet kept time to the Christmas carols.Translate the sentence.(= 人们和着圣诞歌的节奏手舞足蹈，声音震动了餐厅的四壁。)Words and Expressions1. wretched: adj. extremely bad or unpleasant* The house was in a wretched state.* I was shocked to see their wretched living conditions.多么令人讨厌的天气！(= What wretched weather!)2. rent: vt. pay money for the use of something for a short period of time* Will you rent a car while youre in Spain?CF: rent, hire & lease这些动词均含“租，租用”之意。rent在英式英语中指较长时间租出或租入房屋、商店或土地；而在美式英语中指长时间或短期租用各种资产以及日用东西。例如：* We rented an apartment together.hire多指短期租用。在英式英语中一般指租用车、船。例如：* You can hire a car at the airport.lease指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其他不动产。例如：* Im interested in leasing your cottage. 3. break down: 1) stop working2) (of friendship, agreement, or process) cease to continue; collapse3) change or remove something that prevents people from working together and having a successful relationship with each other4) be unable to stop ones emotions when in a state of distress, especially in public5) separate something into smaller parts so that it is easier to be dealt with or understoodDirections: Match the above definitions with the sentences below.a) He showed us the whole dance, then broke it down so that we could learn it more easily.b) The car broke down just north of Paris.c) It takes a long time to break down prejudices.d) Negotiations broke down after only two days.e) He broke down and cried.(Key: 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-e, 5-a)Collocation:break away (from) 逃脱，逃离break in 闯入break off 突然结束，中断break out 突然发生，爆发break through 突破，有新的发现break up 结束，断绝关系Directions: Fill in the blanks with the above phrases. Change the form where necessary. 1) Thieves _ and stole 10, 000 worth of computer equipment. (= broke in)2) The prisoner _ the two policemen who were holding him. (= broke away from)3) What will happen to the children if Jim and Mary _? (= break up)4) The two countries _ diplomatic relations with each other. (= broke off)5) Scientists hope to _ soon for a cure for this kind of cancer. (= break through)6) I was still living in London when the war _. (= broke out)4. shabby: adj. untidy and in bad condition* Hughs jacket was old and shabby.* Fortunately, she met Jim, who offered her a job in his rather shabby restaurant.5. greasy: adj. covered in grease or oil* The shampoo is for greasy hair.* The food was heavy and greasy.太多油腻的食物对你不利。(= Too much greasy food isnt good for you.)6. defend: vt. use arguments to protect something or someone from criticism, or to prove that something is right* She was always defending her husband in front of their daughter.* Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.你怎能为因科学研究而杀死动物的行为辩护呢？(= How can you defend the killing of animals for scientific study?)Pattern: defend sb. against/from sb./sth. 7. slap: 1) vt. hit someone with the flat part of the hand* He slapped her across the face.* If you touch me again Ill slap you. 2) n. a quick hit with the flat part of the hand* Julia gave Roy a slap on the cheek.Collocation:a slap in the face 侮辱，打击a slap on the wrist 轻微的处罚，温和的警告a slap on the back 表扬，赞许8. minor: adj. small and not very important or serious, especially when compared with other things* We have made some minor changes to the program.* They played only a minor role in the local government. * I made minor alterations to the article.CF: minor, negligible & minimal这些形容词均含“不重要的，次要的”之意。minor多指与别的比较后显得不重要，或指较少、较小。例如：* The young actress was given a minor part in the new play.negligible指数量小、不重要、微不足道或可忽略不计。例如：* In buying a suit, a difference of ten cents in prices is negligible.minimal指最少、最低或最小。例如：* The cost to taxpayers would be minimal.9. interrupt: v. stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them, making a noise, etc. * Will you stop interrupting me!* Sorry to interrupt, but I need to ask you to come downstairs.在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。 (= It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.) 10. dripping: adj. extremely wet* Im absolutely dripping.* Take off that jacket youre dripping wet.11. ragged: adj. (of cloth or clothes) old and torn; (of a person) wearing such clothes* Although he wore ragged clothes, he was not particularly dirty.* It tells the story of an old man who has an old, ragged hat with holes in it.* The brim of his ragged hat hung down and nearly blocked his entire face.12. franc: n. the standard unit of money in various countries, and used in France and Belgium before the euroNB:Currencies of the World PRCRenminbi Yuan CNY 1CNY=10 jiao (角)1 jiao=10 fen (分)United Kingdom Pound, Sterling GBP 1GBP=100 new pence (新便士)United States of America U.S.Dollar USD 1USD=100 cents (分)Canada Canadian Dollar CAD 1CAD=100 cents (分)JapanJapanese Yen JPY 1JPY=100 sen (钱)13. point: v. show sb. or sth. to someone by holding up one finger or a thin object towards sb. or sth.* I could see him pointing at me and telling the other guests what I had said.* She was pointing to a small boat that was approaching the shore.Collocation: point the/a finger at somebody 指责* I knew that they would point the finger at me. 我知道他们会指责我的。point the way forward 指明方向* This new discovery points the way forward in the search for a cure. 这一新发现为寻找治疗方法指明了方向。point out 指出，指明* I pointed out to him where I used to live. 我把我过去住的地方指给他看。point to 表明；指向* All the evidence points to Randall as the murderer. 所有的证据都表明兰德尔是杀人凶手。14. tip: 1) v. give an additional amount of money to someone for performing a service* Did you tip the waiter?* I tipped him $5.2) n. a small amount of additional money given to someone for performing a service* Did you leave a tip?* I gave the guy a big tip.15. press: vt. put pressure or a weight on something to make it flat, crush it, etc.* At this stage the grapes have to be pressed.* You can create amazing pieces of art and home decor items with pressed flowers.16. lean: vi. slope or bend from an upright position* She leant towards him and listened.* He was leaning on the bridge, watching the boats go by.Collocation: lean on somebody 依赖，依靠* The couple lean on each other for support. 这对夫妻互相依靠。lean towards something有倾向17. straighten up: make ones back straight, or to stand up straight after bending down * He remained bent over for several seconds before slowly straightening up.她直起身子时，背部的疼痛更厉害了。(= As she straightened up, the ache in her back grew worse.) 18. permission: n. the act of allowing; consent; authorization* Did he give you permission to take that?* The company has applied to court for permission to renegotiate the contract.* We have obtained permission from the directors to use some of our funds.Collocation: ask/request/apply for permission 请求许可give/grant permission 准许get/obtain/receive permission 获得许可have permission (to do something) 许可refuse/deny (somebody) permission不许with/without (somebodys) permission 经过许可/未经许可Directions: Fill in the blanks with the above phrases. Change the form where necessary. 1) You must _ before taking any photographs inside the church. (= ask permission)2) They didnt _ cross the frontier. (= have permission to)3) Who _ to leave class early? (= gave him permission)4) He _ from his boss before talking to the press. (= obtained permission)5) We heard of the Councils decision to _ for the development. (= refuse permission)6) Pages should not be copied _ the publisher. (= without the permission of)7) _, I should like to visit Mrs. Thorne myself. (= With your permission)19. motion: n. a single movement of your hand or head, especially one made in order to communicate something* He summoned the waiter with a motion of his hand. 她的一举一动都很优美。(= All her motions were graceful.)20. depart: v. leave, especially when starting a journey* Flights by Air Europe depart Gatwick on Tuesdays.* Dorothy departed for Germany last week. CF: depart, leave, go & quit 这些动词均含“离开某处”之意。depart较正式，指经过周密考虑或郑重地离开，强调离开的起点。例如：* The train to Edinburgh will depart from platform 6 in five minutes.leave强调出发地而不是目的地。例如：* Were leaving from the main station at six oclock.go是一般用词，指从所在地到其他地方去，着重目的地而非出发地。例如：* We are going to my parents from Christmas.quit指离开令人烦恼的地方，或摆脱使人不快的人或事。例如：* Id had enough, so I quit my job.21. explode: v. burst, or to make something burst, into small pieces, usually with a loud noise and in a way that causes damage* The device was thrown at an army patrol but failed to explode.* Far sooner than anyone thought possible, the Russians exploded an atomic bomb.恐怖分子在一家商店引爆了一枚炸弹。(= The terrorists exploded a bomb in a store.)22. enthusiasm: n. a strong feeling of interest and enjoyment about something and an eagerness to be involved in it* Gillian and Darren greeted the speakers with great enthusiasm.* We went along to the local diving club, full of enthusiasm.* Employers showed little enthusiasm for the new regulations.Collocation: with enthusiasm 热情（烈）地 great/much/considerable/enormous enthusiasm 巨大的热情 little enthusiasm 没什么热情 lack of enthusiasm 缺乏热情 full of enthusiasm 充满热情 show (great/considerable) enthusiasm 显示出巨大的热情 lose enthusiasm 失去热情 fire somebody with enthusiasm 使充满热情 generate enthusiasm 激发的热情23. embrace: v. put ones arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way* Jack warmly embraced his son.* Maggie and Laura embraced.他们相互热烈拥抱。(= They embraced each other warmly.)24. dull: adj. not interesting or exciting* Life is never dull when Elizabeth is here.* It sounded pretty dull to me.* Theres never a dull moment when John comes to stay.CF: dull, tedious, monotonous & dreary 这些形容词均表示“单调的，乏味的，厌烦的”之意。dull指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。例如：* The weekly meeting tends to be deadly dull.tedious指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使人感到不舒服。例如：* Most of the students in the hall were put to sleep by the tedious lecture.monotonous指没有变化、重复单调的。例如：* He spoilt the poem by reading it in a monotonous voice.dreary强调无趣味的、不活泼的事或思想状态。例如：* Addressing envelopes is dreary work.25. release: vt. let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere* Police arrested several men, who were later released.* The bears are eventually released into the wild.Pattern: release somebody from something * He was released from the hospital yesterday.CF: release, free, liberate & discharge 这些动词均含“解放，释放”之意。release指放松限制、解除监禁或免除义务。例如：* The hijackers released three of the hostages.free指不再受任何限制、约束、阻碍和压迫，完全可按自己的意志行事。例如：* She freed the bird from its cage.liberate常指从束缚和压迫中解放出来，强调获得最终的解放，有时可和free换用。例如：* The new government has liberated all political prisoners.discharge强调把某人或某物从监禁、束缚中释放出来。例如：* The judge discharged the prisoner.26. smother: vt. stop oneself from showing ones feelings or from doing an action* The girls tried to smother their giggles.* She tried to smother her sobs.* I just managed to smother a yawn.Useful Expr