Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet.doc

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?1. treasure n金银财宝 ，财富（不可数名词）珍藏品，珍宝（可数名词） e.g. They went to there to look for treasure. 他们去那儿寻宝。 This museum has many art treasures. 这家博物馆收藏了许多艺术珍品。 2. island n. 岛（可数名词）e.g. an island 一个岛屿Treasure Island 宝岛3. classic n. 名著；经典著作（可数名词） e.g. I like reading classics. 我喜欢阅读名著。4. page n. 页（可数名词）e.g. five pages 5页 on page 5 在第五页上5. hurry v. 匆忙，赶快 词组： in a hurry (n.) 匆忙地 hurry to do sth. 匆忙地做某事； hurry to+地点 匆忙地赶到某地； hurry up 快点 赶快6. due adj. 预定的, 到期的 e.g. The plane is due at London at five.飞机定于五点到达伦敦。I am due to speak tomorrow.我预定明天讲话。 短语：due to 由于 e.g. a mistake due to carelessne。由于粗心而犯的错误1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 雾都孤儿是一个男孩去海边发现一个充满珍宝的岛的故事。 full of 满是的；(有)大量的full of此处是形容词短语，意为“充满;装满”，在句中作后置定语。此外，也可在句中充当状语或表语。He received several baskets full of cards, letters of congratulations.他收到了几个装满贺卡和贺信的篮子。(后置定语)Robinson Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 鲁滨逊盯着那个脚印，满怀恐惧。As we returned home, everything seemed to be full of life.当我们回到家时，一切似乎都洋溢着生气。(表语)full形容词“满的”，be full offill 不及物动词。“装满”。be filled with “用装满” fill with“将装满”The classroom was full of students. 教室里挤满了学生。The basket is filled with apples by the old man. 篮子被这个老人装满了苹果。He filled the glass with water. 他将玻璃杯盛满水。 e.g. The area is full of beautiful lakes and rivers.这个区域有大量美丽的湖泊和河流。2. Have you at least read the back of the book to see what its about? 至少你已经读过书的背面，了解了它的大致内容吧？此句中的动词see表示“(通过查看、打听等)弄清、了解；查看、发现(信息或事实)”。作这种用法时，see常接 how, what, when等引导的宾语从句。e.g. He agreed to go with me to see what was wrong. 他同意跟我去了解一下毛病出在哪里。 First of all, we need to take some time to see how it works. 首先，我们需要花些时间了解一下它是如何运作的。3. You should hurry up.你需要加快速度。hurry up 赶快；(急忙)做某事e.g. Hurry up, or we cannot get to the railway station on time.快些，否则我们不能按时赶到火车站了。 hurry作名词，可表示“仓促；匆匆忙忙”，常用be in a hurry to do sth.表示“着急做某事”。 Why are you in such a hurry to leave? 你干嘛这么着急要走？He is in such a hurry to get out that door that he forgets his umbrella completely.他匆忙地想出门，完全把带伞的事抛到脑后了。4. Steve: The book report is due in two weeks. Amy: Yes, I know 是的，我知道1) due adj. 预定；预期；预计 后边引出预期的时间、地点等，还常 常构成短语be due (to do something)或be due (for something)。e.g. Our plane is due at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12:30. 我们的飞机预计于12：30降落在上海虹桥国际机场。 Rose is due to start school in January.罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。 You are due for a medical examination next month. 你的身体检查预定在下个月。2) I know表示说话人对所谈的观点、内容已了解，无需多说，相当于汉语中“我早知道了；我全都了解”这样的意思，区别于许多日常交际场合中表示“我明白了；我知道了；我懂了”的用法。e.g. A: Its already very late. You should get some rest. 已经很晚了，你应该休息了。 B: Well, I know. Thanks. 对，我是知道的。谢谢。注意，当我们获知对方提供的信息后，常用I see. 表示“我知道了；我明白了；我懂了”。 e.g. A: He lives in the countryside but works in the city during the week. 他住在乡下，但工作日在城里上班。 B: Oh, I see. 哦，我知道了。Phrases: hear of 听说 be like 像一样 go out 出去 full of充满 finish doing sth. 做完某事 be about 关于 grow up 长大 put +代词+ down 把放下 hurry up 快点Sentences: 1. Have you ever read Little Women yet? 你曾经看过小妇人吗？2. Whats it like? Whats it about? 它是关于什么的？3. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and finds an island full of treasures.雾都孤儿是一个男孩去海边发现一个充满珍宝的岛的故事。4. Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English class? 史蒂文，你决定为英语课写哪本书了吗？5. The book report is due in two weeks.读书报告两周后必须完成。现在完成时态present perfect用法：1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作 对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. (现在 我不饿了。)2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。e.g. I havent seen her these days. Ive known Bob for three years. Ive been at this school for over two years. 时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, before构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have / has+ 动词的过去分词”构成的，规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。 动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。 (注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动词原形 动词的过去式 动词的过去分词)一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化：1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如： pick picked picked; wish wished wished; stay stayed stayed2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如： study studied studied; hurry hurried hurried; reply replied replied4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop stopped stopped; clap clapped clapped不规则变化：5. 以不变应万变。如： let let let; put put put; read read read6. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如： feel felt felt; keep kept kept; sleep slept slept7. 结尾的字母d变t。如： lend lent lent; build built built; send sent sent8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如： buy bought bought; bring brought brought; catch caught caught; teach taught taught句式1. 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他)2. 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词(+ 其他)3. 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他)4. 特殊疑问句：1) 特殊疑问词 (不是句子主语) + have / has + 主语+过去分词 (+ 其他)2) 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+ 过去分词(+ 其他)already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词，但它们的用法不同。already一般用于肯定句中。如：We have already cleaned up our classroom. 注意：already用于疑问句中时通常表示惊奇。如： Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it.yet一般用于疑问句和否定句中。如： Have you seen her yet? The bus hasnt come yet.现在完成时句中常见的时间状语A.表示从过去一直持续到现在, 不能是具体 的过去时间。( 1).for+表示一段时间的短语( 2).since+表示过去时间点的词语( 3).since+表示过去时间的时间状语从句eg.I have been a teacher _ a year. He has been at this school _ 1992. We have learned 1,000 English words _ we came to this school.B. just, already, yet, before/ ever, never有此类副词时,常强调动作完成,不强调动作的持续.e.g. Have you _been to Japan? I have _ finished my homework. I have finished my homework _. I havent finished my homework _. 1.He likes pop. He doesnt care for rock music. 2.band n. 乐队e.g. Which band do you like?你喜欢哪个乐队？ The Toms must be popular. 1)英语中“the + 姓或名的复数形式”这一结构可用来表示某一群体，如表示某一姓氏的家庭，或同名的某几个人所组成的小群体。如：the Greens，格林一家，相当于the Green family；the Jacks，杰克小组；杰克社团；杰克帮等。2)此句中must的意思是“一定；准是”，而非“必须”。作这一用法时，must表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。They must be there by now. 他们现在准到那儿了。Lily has a weak heart. She must have had a heart attack. Lily心脏不好，她肯定得过心脏病。fan n. 迷； 狂热爱好者football fans laughter n. 笑；笑声beauty n. 美；美丽record n. 唱片；记录v. 录制；录（音）The machine is recording now. (v.) 那个机器正在录音。 1. forever adv. 永远；不断地e.g. The little boy is forever asking questions. 这小男孩老是没完没了的问问题。2. abroad adv. 在国外，到国外 go study abroade.g. Are you going abroad for your holiday?你打算去国外度假吗？3. actually adv. 真实地，事实上 in fact e.g. Actually, thats not quite right. 实际上，那不完全对。 4. southern adj. 南方的e.g. She lives in southern Italy. 她住在意大利南部。5. modern adj. 现代的，当代的e.g. What do you think of modern art? 你对现代艺术怎么看？6. success n. 成功 a great success; successful; successfullye.g. He had finally achieved success. 他终于获得了成功。7. belong v. 属于，归属 belong to (介 词）+人e.g. The British and Dutch belong to the same race.英国人和荷兰人是同一种族。8. million num.一百万 two million; millions ofe.g. The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从120万增加到了180万。1.When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. used to 过去常常，后跟动词原形。e.g. She used to sing this song, but now she doesnt. 她过去经常唱这首歌，但是现在不唱了。 2. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music. ever since then 从那时以来，与现在 完成时连用，要求动词必须是延续 性动词。e.g. Ever since then, I have lived here. 从那时以来我就住在这儿。3. It reminds us that the best thing in life is free. reminds sb. that+从句 使某人想起某事e.g. This book reminds me that I should study hard. 这本书提醒我应该努力学习。4. Sarah hasnt been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day. It is her dream to + do sth. 做某事是某人的梦想 e.g. It is my dream to go to America. 去美国是我的梦想。 5. I hope to see him sing live one day!1) see sb. do sth. 表示“看见某人做某事”。类似的感官动词还有：watch, feel, hear, listen to, smell 等用于主动语态时，后面可以接名词（或代词）+ 不带to 的不定式（或v-ing形式）see sb. do sth. 意为“看到某人做了某事”，强调看到动作的全过程。而see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，强调看到的动作正在进行。例如：Mary saw him clean the classroom. 玛丽看见他打扫教室了。Mary saw him cleaning the classroom. 玛丽看见他正在打扫教室。2) live adv. 意为“在现场直播；在现场表演” e.g. LangLang is playing live in our city tonight. 朗朗今晚在我们城市举办现场演 奏。 6. the “good old days” 过去的好时光！英语中the good old days是一个习惯用语，指一个人人生中或历史上的一段比现更好的幸福时光，可译作“过去的好日子”。例如：I wish my grandma would stop talking about the good old days. 我真希望我奶奶能停止唠叨那过去的好时光。In the good old days, going to a movie only cost 5 cents.在当初的好 日子里，去看一场电影只要5分钱就够了。7. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天看到他现场演唱!1）see someone do something是一个常见的结构，表示“看见某人做某事”。英语中有一些表示感知的动词，如see(看）、watch(观看)、feel(感觉)、hear(听到）、 listen to(听）、smell(嗅）等用于主动态时，后面可以接名词（或代词）+不带to的不定 式(或-ing形式）。e.g.：I watched them get on the bus one by one, and then we waved goodbye to each other.我看着他们一个个上了公共汽车，然后我们相互挥手道别。 2）live可用作动词、形容词或副词，且用作不同词性时发音有所不同。作动词时， live读作/lIv/，表示“居住；生存；过生活”等含义。作形容词和副词时，live读作 /laIv/在上面的句子中，live为副词，意思是“在现场直播；在现场表演”。e.g.：Lang Lang is playing live in our city tonight.朗朗今晚在我们城市举办现场演奏。8. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as , but not about belonging to a group. belong to可以表示“属于(某人)”或“属于(某团体或组织)”等。 e.g.The pen belongs to my father. 这钢笔是我父亲的。He belongs to the guitar club. 他是吉他俱乐部的成员。 9. Hes sold more than 120 million records. million与thousand，hundred用法一样：与具体数词连用时，用单数形式，后面不加-s；与of连用表示约数时，后面必须加-s，且不能与数词连用。 Last year we planted two million trees. 去年我们种了两百万棵树。 Millions of people watched the match on TV. 上百万人都在电视上观看了这场比赛。10. Country music brings us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.each other与one another均可表示“相互”。在实际运用中，这两个短语常可互换。 e.g.Lucy and I have known one another for years. 我和Lucy相识好多年了。e.g.The girls looked at each other. 女孩们互相看了看。each other与one another均有所有格形式，即：each others，one anotherse.g.They sat there motionlessly, looking into each others / one anothers eyes.他们坐在那里一动不动，相互望着对方。 1. introduce v.介绍，引荐introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人e.g. A: Who can introduce them to us? B: The man is Robert Pattinson and the woman is Adele. They are both famous in the world.2. line n. 行；排 v. 排队e.g. Pleaselineup one after another. 请按顺序排队。 The ball went over theline. 球越线出界了。have been to 与 have gone toe.g. (1) I have been to Beijing. (2) Where is he? He has gone to Beijing. _曾经去过某地，现在不在那里，已经回来了。_去了某地，还没回来或在路上，可能还在那里。1. which book to write about意为“写哪一本书”，2. 此处为“疑问词十动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。I cant decide when to start. 我不能决定何时动身。I am thinking about how to deal with the problem. 我正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词who, whom, what及疑问副词when, where 和 how.He taught me how to pronounce it. 他教我如何发音。I didnt decide where to live. 我没有决定住哪儿。2put down意为“记下;放下”，为“动词十副词”型短语，宾语若为代词，应放在put与down 中间Put down the new words and then read them loud把生词记下来，然后大声读出来:Put down your bag and take a rest. 把包放下，休息一会儿吧3.cut down为固定短语，意为“把砍倒;裁短; 减少;缩减”，cut此处作及物动词，其过去式和过去分词是cut本身。They cut down the big tree. 他们把这棵大树砍倒了。Youd better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好把这篇文章缩减到两千字左右cut常见短语集锦:cut sb. sth. =cut sth. for sb. .为某人切某物He cut me a slice of bread. =He cut a slice of bread for me. 他为我切了一片面包。cut sth. into sth把某物切成某物First cut the meat into small pieces. 首先把肉切成小块:cut in插入;插话;插队;超车Dont cut in when others are talking. 别人说话时别插话He cut in at the head of the line.他在队伍的前面插队。cut off切断;隔断;断绝The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world洪水切断了村民们与外界的联系。4. learn此处作及物动词，“学习”，后跟to do不定式作宾语。learn to do sth.意为“学习做某事”。 Hes learning to drive a car他正在学习开车:与learn相关的短语: learn from向学习 learn by oneself 自学 learn of/about 获悉5. e1se此处作形容词，“别的，其他的”，放在who, what等疑问词之后。Who else was at the party？ 晚会上还有谁?But what else can we do? 但是我们还能做什么，else用于以-one， body， -thing， -place， -where结尾的复合不定代词/副词之后。Ask somebody else to help you. 请别人帮帮你吧。He has nothing else to do today. 他今天没有别的事要做。6. how long意为“多久、多长时间”，主要是对一段时间进行提问，答语通常是(for) thee days /weeks /months等时间段，它可用于各种时态。How long were you not at school last year？去年你多久没上学?About two weeks. 大约两周7.onethe other为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个其余的”The supermrket is on the other side of the street. 超市在街道的另一边。He has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a student. 他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是学生。8.somethe others用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些其余的”Boys are on the playground. Some are playing basketball, the others are playing football.男孩们都在操场上。一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。9.towards介词，“朝，向; 对着”。They drove towards the beach. 他们驾车朝海滩开去。The overseas teacher said her Chinese friends were friendly towards her那位外籍教师说她的中国朋友对她很友善10.name此处作及物动词，“给取名; 给命名”，name sb.sth“给某人取名为”They named their child John. 他们给孩子取名叫约翰。（1）named/ called为过去分词，作后置定语，意为“被命名为；称为”The boy named/ called Mike is my friend.那个叫迈克的男孩是我的朋友:name sb. /sth. after sb.“以命名”。The child was named after his father. 那个孩子是按他父亲的名字取的名。11.in the middle of为固定短语，意为“在的中间”。in the middle of the road“在路的中央”。in the middle of the night半夜;深更半夜”12.leave behind为固定短语，“留下;遗留”I dont want to leave anything behind. 我不想留下任何东西。（1）leave sb. behind意为“把某人甩在后面(即赶上、超越某人)In the final exam, I left Lucy behind finally. 在期末考试中我终于超过了露西(2)leave sth. behind意为“某人走后留下某物”。He left his umbrella behind. 他离开时没有把雨伞带走。13.love此处作及物动词，意为“爱; 热爱;喜欢”，其后通常可跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式作宾语。Love me, love my dog. (谚语)爱屋及乌。He loves to go swimming. 他喜欢游泳。I love sitting in the garden. 我喜欢在花园里坐坐。14.would be此处为过去将来时句型，由“would十动词原形构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情(尤其用于宾语从句中)。He told us he would help us. 他告诉我们他会帮助我们。I knew you would agree我当时就知道你会同意的。15.look at为固定短语，意为“看”look为不及物动词，必须用at连接看的对象Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板Father always looks at me with love in his eyes. 父亲总是用慈祥的眼光看着我16.（1）cant wait to do sth.“迫不及待去做某事”I cant wait to Watch TV. 我迫不及待去看电视。The young man could not wait to see his girl friend这个年轻人迫不及待去看他的女朋友。（2）can t help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”He could not help laughing. 他情不自禁地笑了起来。(3)cant stand doing sth.意为“不能容忍做某事”。I cant stand waiting for a long time. 我不能容忍等这么久I knew you would agree. ，我当时就知道你会同意的。17.fight over为固定短语，相当于fight about，“因为某事而争论，争夺”，flight的过去式和过去分词都为fought,Dont fight about small things. 不要为琐事争吵。The two dogs were fighting over a bone. 两只狗为一块骨头在撕咬。（1）fight against /with sb. /sth. “与搏斗，打架，作战”。Have you fought with your younger brother again?你又和弟弟打架了吗?In World War Two, Britain fought against Germany with France. 在二战中，英国与法国联合抗击德国。(2)fight for sth.意为“争取获得或完成某事”。Fight for freedom, independence and human rights. 争取获得自由、独立和人权。18.abroad副词 ,“在国外; 到国外”We heard that he went abroad recently. 我们听说他最近出国了。He was abroad from 1970 to 1996.他从1970年至1996年住在国外。He just came back from abroad.他刚从国外回来。abroad的固定搭配at home and abroad在国内外19.on the radio为固定短语，“通过收音机，以无线电的方式”She said that she heard a very interesting programme on the radio. 她说她从收音机里听到一个非常有趣的节目。与on the radio类似的短语还有:on TV “通过电视，在电视上；on the telephone “打电话，在电话里”; on the computer “通过电脑;在电脑上”。We can watch a football match on TV. 我们能在电视上看足球赛。His wife talked with her friends on the telephone. 他的妻子通过电话与朋友进行交谈。20.come to do“（事情）逐渐；终于”表示达到某种状态，常与know, understand, realize, be, love, like等表示静态的动词连用，强调渐变过程。21.actually副词，“真实地;事实上”。I know she looks young, but she is actually 50. 我知道她看起来很年轻，但实际上她50岁了。22.all of意为“所有人(或物)都.They are all Young Pioneers. 他们都是少先队员all of， none of用于三者或三者以上，all of用于肯定句，none of用于否定句；all of 所有的人（或物）都none所有的人（或物）都不；all of做主语时，谓语动词用复数；none of做主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。All of us go to school every day. 我们所有人每天都去上学。None of these cars is /are new. : 这些汽车没有一辆是新的。23.kind短语荟萃:（1）kind of十形容词“有点儿，相当于a little/ a bit/ a little bit.Im kind of hungry我有点饿了。many kinds of十名词“很多种”； this/ that kind of十名词“这 / 那一种”This kind of film is not popular. 这种电影不受欢迎。all kinds of十名词“各种各样的We have all kinds of time to finish the job. 我们有充足的时间完成这项工作（4）different kinds of十名词“不同种类的”There are different kinds of books in a bookshop. 书店里有不同种类的书籍。be kind to“对某人友好”，相当于be friendly to sb. We must be kind to wild animals in order to protect them, 我们必须友好对待野生动物，这样才能保护它们。24.southern形容词，意为“南方的”，其名词形式为south“南方”They live in the southern area. 他们住在南部地区。常见表示方位的形容词: eastern东方的western西方的southern南方的northern 北方方的; northeastern东北方的northwestern西北方的southeastern东南方的 southwestern西南方的。25.such as此处表示举例，意为“例如，诸如此类的”，相当于like或for example若后接动词，通常用动名词形式。I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有很多爱好，像阅读和唱歌。I know four languages, such as Japanese and English. 我懂四种语言，如日语和英语such as 与 for example(1）such as用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物， such as之前一般用逗号和主句隔开，之后没有逗号，直接加名词或名词性短语。Some classmates of mine, such as Zhang Weiguo, Li Suyun are very generous.我的一些同学，如张卫国、李素云等，都是很慷慨的人。for example是列举整体之中的一个，在句子中多用作插入语，位置可以在句首、句中或句末，用逗号与主句隔开，之后也有逗号。Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well. 噪音，打个比方，也是一种污染。success此处作不可数名词，“成功”。the key to success成功的钥匙26.（1）succeed作不及物动词，后通常不接动词不定式，而接in doing sth succeed in sth.“在某事上取得成功；succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。She succeeded in passing the exam. 她成功地通过了考试。successful作形容词，“成功的”。The performance was successful. 演出很成功successfully作副词，意为“成功地”。I finished my training successfully. 我成功地完成了训练。27.belong此处作不及物动词，常与介词to连用，belonb g : 意为“属于.”That book belongs to me. 那本书属于我。That dictionary belongs to the library. 那本词典是图书馆的。belong to常与物主代词或名词所有格进行句型转换。It must belong to Carla =It must be Carlas. 它一定属于卡拉。28.句中的each other与one another均为代词，意为“相互;彼此”。它们在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语(如help each other)而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词(如talk to each other, learn from one another f,We all try and help one another. 我们都尽力互相帮助The sea and the sky seemed melt into each other. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体（1）each other与one another常可互换。We respect each other/one another. 我们互相尊重对方两者均有所