美国祛痘药妆品牌对祛痘治疗的介绍 2.doc

美国药妆品牌-伊美莱对目前各种祛痘治疗方法的介绍资料来源：伊美莱官方网站：治疗青春痘的七个小秘密适合大多数青春痘肌肤的七个小窍门7 Tips for Getting the Most Out of Your Acne TreatmentAAD Professional Education and Resources你知道吗？青春痘不可能在一夜之间就治好的。平均至少68周才能看到治疗的效果。因此，不要在刚刚才开始见效就放弃或者停止治疗。 Did You Know? Acne does not clear overnight. On average, 6 to 8 weeks are needed to see initial results. Dont give up on a therapy before then. 良好的护肤习惯在青春痘（痤疮、粉刺）的治疗中起着重要的作用，如果医生没有特别建议，应按照下列指南进行护理。 Good skin care plays an important role in treating acne. Following these skin care guidelinesunless your dermatologist instructs otherwisecan help improve treatment results: 1. 不要挤压、挑破青春痘。 Do NOT pop, squeeze or pick at acne. 挤压或针刺会让青春痘恶化并引发炎症。在治疗过程中有时需要将痘痘去除，但这个过程必须由有经验的专业医师才操作。 This can make acne worse by spreading inflammation. With medical treatment, removing lesions is rarely necessary; however, when comedo removal is needed, it should be performed by an experienced healthcare professional. 2. 使用温和的清洁剂每天洗脸两次，然后用纸巾或毛巾轻轻拍干。 Gently wash your face twice a day with a mild cleanser and pat dry. 青春痘并非由不良卫生习惯而导致，过度的清洁和擦洗并不能把皮肤洗的很干净。事实上，擦洗会刺激皮肤病导致青春痘加重。祛痘的最好方法是使用适当的祛痘祛粉刺护肤品，并做好日常皮肤护理。 Acne is not caused by poor hygiene, and vigorous washing and scrubbing will not clear your skin. In fact, all that scrubbing can irritate your skin and make acne worse. The way to clear acne is with appropriate acne products and good skin care. 3. 要使用“不会引起青春痘”（即不会堵塞毛孔）的化妆品。 Use noncomedogenic (does not clog pores) cosmetics and toiletries. 在购买化妆品或其他准备用在皮肤上、头发上的产品时，一定要确保产品不会引起青春痘（粉刺）。 When buying cosmetics and other products that you will use on your skin or hair, be sure to look for ones labeled noncomedogenic. Makeup, sunscreen and toiletries that are not likely to cause acne state that they are noncomedogenic on the product. 4. 不要激惹青春痘。 Avoid aggravating your acne. 油性的头发，与皮肤起摩擦的运动器材，这些都可能刺激青春痘并引起痘痘发炎、加重。要尽量避免这样的情况出现：油性的头发不要遮挡在脸上，不要使用油性的护发产品如护发油和护发胶，穿戴棉质衣服避免皮肤与运动器材直接接触。 Oily hair, sporting equipment that rubs against your skin and airborne greaseall can irritate and make your acne worse. Ways you can avoid these situations include: - If you have oily hair, keep it off your face and wash it daily. - Avoid using hair care products that contain oil, such as pomades and gels. - Wear cotton clothing or moleskin under sporting equipment to avoid skin-to-equipment contact. 5. 使用祛痘、祛粉刺产品，需要给予足够的时间来发挥功效。 Give acne products enough time to do their job. 应咨询皮肤科医生或者药剂师，每一种祛痘、去粉刺产品需要多长时间才能见效。这样你才能预期多久才能看到痘痘消退，并且不至于在将要看到结果之前就放弃。一般来说，任何一种祛痘、去粉刺产品要想看到有一点改善，至少需要6-8周的时间。 Ask a dermatologist (or pharmacist) how much time is needed for each particular product to work. This way youll know when you can expect to see clearing and not stop using the product(s) before you see results. As a rule of thumb, it takes 6 to 8 weeks before you begin to see an improvement.6. 要在医生的指导下使用祛痘、去粉刺类产品。 Use medications as directed. 使用过多的药品或祛痘、去粉刺产品并不能迅速获得改善。事实上，过分的激惹还会导致青春痘恶化。在使用之前要仔细阅读产品上的标签和说明书，或者按照医生的指导使用。 Using more medication than directed will not improve results. In fact, it can make acne worse by aggravating the skin. Be sure to read all labels and use accordingly or as instructed by a dermatologist. 7. 不要过多地暴露在阳光下，不要使用自晒黑产品。 Avoid excess exposure to sunlight, and do not use tanning booths or sun lamps.与大多数人的观念相反，晒太阳或者晒黑并不能清除青春痘，只能起到暂时遮挡作用。日晒、晒黑还会增加罹患黑色素瘤与皮肤癌的机会。除此之外，有些祛痘、去粉刺产品还会增加皮肤的光敏性而产生皮肤损害。长痘时应该尽量防止日晒。 Contrary to popular belief, tanning does not clear acne; it simply masks acne. Tanning also increases ones risk of developing melanoma and other skin cancers. Additionally, some acne treatments can increase the skins sensitivity to sunlight and ultraviolet light from tanning booths and sun lamps. If you have acne, it is important to protect your skin by following sun-protection practices, such as wearing sunscreen and avoiding sunburns. 如果按照上述指南，治疗青春痘的结果仍然不能令人满意，就应该去看皮肤科医生。现在，几乎所有的青春痘都能被完全清除，被治愈，尤其在医生的帮助下。 If after following these guidelines, you are not satisfied with the results from your acne treatment, be sure to see a dermatologist. Today, almost every case of acne can be cleared, especially with a dermatologists help.返回页首理解各种青春痘治疗方法（中英文对照）Skin Problems and Treatments: Understanding Acne Treatment Reviewed By Stephanie Gardner, MD 有哪些方法可以治疗青春痘？What Are the Treatments for Acne? 脸上偶尔长出一两颗青春痘、粉刺，无需特别的治疗。有一些无需医生处方就可以买到的遮瑕霜或者化妆品可以选择，如果选择的话应该使用水性的产品（无油配方）。即使粉刺没有完全消除，但这些常用的方法至少可以使粉刺得到一定的减轻。The occasional pimple needs no treatment. Over-the-counter cover-up creams and cosmetics, if used at all, should be water based. Even if outbreaks of acne cannot be eliminated, conventional treatment can provide relief. 治疗青春痘最好的方法是能够抑制油脂分泌、抑制细菌繁殖，并促进死皮细胞脱落，从而防止毛孔堵塞。由于许多治疗方法都有副作用，因此，在试用任何一种新的方法时一定要特别小心。严重而持续发生的青春痘，应该及时看医生。The best treatments inhibit sebum production, limit bacterial growth, or encourage shedding of skin cells to unclog pores. Because many therapies can have side effects, any patient with acne should proceed with caution when trying a new treatment. People with severe, persistent cases of acne need the care of a dermatologist. 无需医生处方就可以使用的祛痘产品Nonprescription Treatment for Acne 肥皂和水：使用肥皂和水对面部进行温和的清洁，每天洗脸不要超过2-3次，可以清理过多的油脂，对油性皮肤相关的青春痘有帮助。但是，这种方法无助于已经形成的粉刺。用力的擦洗可能损伤皮肤、激惹青春痘，并引发更多的皮肤问题。Soap and water. Gentle cleansing of the face with soap and water no more than two or three times a day can remove the excess oils and help the oily skin often associated with acne. However, this does not clear up acne that is already present. Aggressive scrubbing can injure the skin and cause other skin problems. 清洁剂：广告中有很多宣称可以治疗青春痘的清洁剂和肥皂，但其实这是没有必要的，除非青春痘得到适当的治疗，否则容易引起激惹而加重青春痘。Cleansers. There are many cleansers and soaps advertised for treating acne. However, these are unnecessary if the acne is being properly treated and can aggravate acne. 过氧化苯甲酰：轻度的青春痘可以选择购买含有过氧化苯甲酰的非处方药品，有杀菌作用，至少需要坚持使用4周以上才能起效。过氧化苯甲酰不能影响油脂分泌，也不能促进死皮细胞脱落，一旦停止使用青春痘就会复发。副作用：皮肤干燥、局部漂白，因此要小心使用。如果用在背部、胸部，最好传说旧的体恤上床睡觉。Benzoyl peroxide. For mild acne, you may try, or your doctor may recommend, treatment with a nonprescription medicine that contains benzoyl peroxide. Its believed that this compound works by destroying the bacteria associated with acne. It usually takes at least four weeks to work and it must be used continuously to keep acne at bay. This is because it does not affect sebum production or the way the skin follicle cells are shed, and when you stop using it, the acne comes back. It is available in many forms: creams, lotions, washes, and gels. Benzoyl peroxide can cause dry skin and can bleach fabrics, so take care when applying it. Consider wearing an old t-shirt to bed if you are applying it to your back or chest overnight. 水杨酸：水杨酸用在皮肤表面，可以帮助纠正异常的死皮细胞脱落，因此而清理和防止毛孔堵塞。用于轻度的青春痘、粉刺，水杨酸可以帮助解除毛孔堵塞，溶解并预防粉刺。水杨酸不影响油脂分泌，不能杀菌。水杨酸也需要持续使用，一旦停止使用其效果也就消失。市面上含水杨酸的产品很多，有溶液、乳液、霜剂等。Salicylic acid. On the skin, salicylic acid helps to correct the abnormal shedding of cells. For milder acne, salicylic acid helps unclog pores to resolve and prevent lesions. It does not have any effect on sebum production and does not kill bacteria. It must be used continuously, just like benzoyl peroxide, since its effects stop when you stop using it - pores clog up again and the acne returns. Salicylic acid is available in many acne products, including lotions, creams, and pads. 硫磺：硫磺通常作为其他抑制粉刺类产品的复合成份之一，比如和酒精、水杨酸、雷琐辛一起使用于非处方类祛痘产品中。硫磺不能单独使用，有难闻的气味。硫磺的作用机理不是很清楚，仅仅对青春痘有辅助治疗作用。Sulfur. In combination with other substances such as alcohol, salicylic acid, and resorcinol, sulfur is a component of many over-the-counter acne medications. It usually isnt used by itself because of its unpleasant odor. Its unclear how sulfur works, but it has only a marginal benefit in most cases. 雷琐辛：雷琐辛一般与硫磺一起使用，它是许多祛痘产品的复合成份之一。与硫磺相似，效果一般。Resorcinol. Along with sulfur, resorcinol is a component of many of the most popular over-the-counter acne regimens. Like sulfur, its effects are modest at best. 酒精和丙酮：酒精是一种温和的杀菌剂，丙酮可清除皮肤表面的油脂。两者都常用于许多祛痘产品中，本身很少有祛痘效果。Alcohol and acetone. Alcohol is a mild anti-bacterial agent, and acetone can remove oils from the surface of the skin. These substances are combined in some over-the-counter acne medicines. These agents have little or no effect on acne. 草药、有机植物与“天然的”祛痘产品：市面上有许多用于祛痘的草药、植物类产品，但这类产品的有效性都未得到证实，不可能带来多大的好处。Herbal, organic, and natural medications. There are many herbal, organic, and natural products marketed to treat or prevent acne. The effectiveness of these agents isnt proven and they are unlikely to have much benefit. 注意：已经化脓的青春痘在即将破溃的时候，用热毛巾敷几分钟，有助于其自然破溃。炎性的青春痘如果要打开，应该去专业的医院处理并消毒。挤压青春痘可能导致更多的皮肤问题，并可能留下永久性痘印。Note: When pus-filled pimples are ready to break, apply a hot towel for a few minutes to encourage the natural bursting process. Inflamed pimples should be opened only by a nurse or doctor using surgical instruments and following antiseptic practices. Squeezing pimples yourself may lead to further problems and perhaps permanent scars. 需要凭医生处方的治疗方法Prescription Treatments for Acne 抗生素：抗生素可用于皮肤局部或口服使用，可杀菌并减轻炎症。全身应用抗生素比局部使用的副作用更大，除非是严重的青春痘。外用抗生素通常不建议单独作为治疗痤疮，因为抗生素可以增加在皮肤上的细菌对抗生素的抗药性的风险。Antibiotics. Antibiotics may be used on top of the skin (topical) or taken orally (systemic). Antibiotics work by clearing the skin of acne-causing bacteria and reducing inflammation. There are several topical products available in creams, gels, pads, and lotions. Topical antibiotics are limited in their ability to penetrate the skin and clear more deep-seated acne, whereas systemic antibiotics circulate throughout the body and into sebaceous glands. However, systemic antibiotics often cause more side effects than topicals, but they can be used for more severe kinds of acne. Usually, topical antibiotics arent recommended alone as an acne treatment as they can increase the risk for antibiotic resistance in skin bacteria. However, using benzoyl peroxide or a retinoid (adapalene, tretinoin or tazarotene) with a topical antibiotic may reduce the chances of developing antibiotic resistance. 杜鹃花酸（壬二酸）具有杀菌与消炎的双重特性。Azelaic acid is a drug with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. 外用红霉素、克林霉素软膏是常用的抗生素，始终都应该与过氧化苯甲酰、外用维甲酸等祛痘产品一起使用，不应单独使用。也可以口服，有增加耐药性的风险。Topical erythromycin and clindamycin are antibiotics that are anti-inflammatory drugs and are effective against a number of bacteria. They should always be combined with benzoyl peroxide or a topical retinoid and applied directly to the skin. Oral erythromycin is also available, but you may become resistant to its effects, limiting its usefulness. 其他常用的口服抗生素有四环素、米诺霉素和强力霉素，对许多炎性的青春痘有快速的祛痘效果。Other oral antibiotics often used are tetracycline, minocycline, and doxycycline, all of which are quite effective in many cases of acne. 抗生素并不针对青春痘的病因，仅仅是杀菌而已，通常需要服用几周甚至几个月才有效。抗生素通常需要与其他具有清理毛孔作用的产品一起使用。怀孕期间不应使用抗生素，有些抗生素还会降低避孕药的效果。Antibiotics do not address the other causative factors in acne and may take several weeks or months to clear it up. Antibiotics are often used in combination with other drugs that unclog follicles. Oral antibiotics for acne should not be used during pregnancy. Its thought that some antibiotics may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, risking a pregnancy during treatment. 维甲酸类药物：有外用与口服剂型。外用于严重的青春痘，以促进死皮细胞脱落。也可以与其他产品如过氧化苯甲酰、口服抗生素等一起使用。虽然外用维甲酸的副作用比口服要小，但也不能用于孕妇。维甲酸的副作用：皮肤红斑、干燥、瘙痒等。Retinoids or vitamin A derivatives. These drugs are available as topical or oral drugs. Topical retinoids clear up moderate-to-severe acne by normalizing the way the skin grows and sheds. They can be used in combination with other acne products, such as benzoyl peroxide, and oral antibiotics. Topical retinoids dont have the severe side effects of oral retinoids; however, they arent recommended for pregnant women. Side effects of topical retinoids include redness, dryness, and itchy skin. 异维甲酸常用于治疗严重的囊性青春痘，常在其他药物无效的情况下使用，但又严重的副作用。维甲酸可以引起胎儿畸形，因此绝对不要用于怀孕的妇女或者没有采取节育措施的女性。另外，也不要用于哺乳期妇女。维甲酸类有导致严重抑郁症与自杀的风险。医生应该对服用维甲酸类药品的患者进行严格监控。For severe cystic acne, isotretinoin is the most effective therapy. This drug is the only medication that intervenes in all of the causes of acne. It can often even clear severe acne that hasnt responded to other treatments. However, the product can have severe side effects. It can also cause severe birth defects and must NEVER be taken by a woman who is pregnant or who is not using contraception. In addition, it cant be taken by a woman who is breastfeeding. Its use has been associated with an increased risk of severe depression and suicide. A doctor must carefully monitor a person taking this drug. 维甲酸类的其他其他不良反应包括：皮肤、嘴唇异常干燥，肌肉、关节疼痛，头痛，脱发等。Other side effects are dry skin and lips, muscle and joint pain, headache, and thinning hair. For most people taking these drugs, side effects are tolerable and not a reason to discontinue therapy before the acne clears up. 口服避孕药：因为含有雌激素可以对抗雄性激素，仅可用于女性患者。需要口服3-4个月才有效。副作用：恶心、体重增加、点状出血、乳房胀痛。Oral contraceptives. Birth control pills contain female hormones that work by counteracting the effect of male hormones (such as testosterone) on acne. Their use is limited to female patients. The maximum benefit of oral contraceptives on acne occurs in three to four months. Side effects include nausea, weight gain, spotting, and breast tenderness. 囊性青春痘也可以选择局部注射去炎松（一种皮质激素），可直接注射到囊肿内部。副作用：局部色素沉着、胀痛。A common treatment option is to inject triamcinolone, a type of corticosteroid, directly into the cysts. This treatment may leave some patients skin temporarily darkened around the lesion or the acne lesions temporarily more puffy and sore. 关于祛痘治疗的警告Warning About Acne Treatments 服用药品应该注意这些药物本身的不良反应，或者药物与药物之间的交互作用。维甲酸与过氧化苯甲酰会产生皮肤红斑、干燥及光敏感。过氧化苯甲酰会抑制维甲酸类的作用，所以两者不可同时使用。口服抗生素时间过久，可能增加真菌感染的机会。Patients taking acne drugs should be alert to possible side effects and interactions with other medicines and herbal remedies. The drugs tretinoin and benzoyl peroxide can leave skin reddened, dry, and sensitive to sunlight. Benzoyl peroxide may inhibit the effects of tretinoin, so never apply them at the same time of day. Taking oral antibiotics for more than a few weeks may leave women susceptible to yeast infections. 其他的青春痘治疗方法Other Acne Treatments 皮肤科医生可能会推荐许多种方法对严重的青春痘进行治疗，或者手术去除化脓的青春痘。A dermatologist may recommend a variety of procedures that can be performed in the office to remove severe lesions and to express (push out the contents of) pimples. 皮肤科医生可以使用外科打磨、激光、化学换肤等方法改善青春痘留下的斑痕与皮肤瑕疵。在实施这类治疗之前应该至少同两位皮肤科医生讨论治疗的方法、注意事项与可能出现的结果。Some adults carry scars or pitted skin from cysts or deep pimples that were scratched or severely inflamed. Some relatively aggressive surgical procedures can improve the skins appearance: dermabrasion, in which a dermatologist essentially sandpapers skin, several types of lasers, and chemical peeling. These procedures remove the scarred surface and expose unblemished skin layers. Before considering such treatment it is important to discuss the procedures, necessary precautions, and likely results with at least two dermatologists. Dermatologists also occasionally use glycolic acid and other chemical peels to loosen blackheads and decrease pimples. Microdermabrasion has little effect on acne itself. 如何预防青春痘？How Can I Prevent Acne? 由于青春痘的发生可能与激素水平的波动或与遗传因素有关，因此许多医生相信没有什么方法可以预防青春痘的发生。既没有清洁预防的方法，也没有饮食预防的方法。明智的基础护理方法是勤洗手、洗脸、洗浴，但是没有任何一种广告宣传的产品可以完全预防青春痘的发生。Because of acnes association with fluctuating hormone levels and possible genetic influences, many doctors believe there is no way to prevent it. The accepted wisdom is that neither good hygiene nor diet can prevent outbreaks. Sensible skin care is recommended, especially during adolescence. The basics include a daily bath or shower and washing the face and hands with unscented or mildly antibacterial soap. And despite advertising claims, few if any commercial skin medications help prevent acne. 返回页首选择激光与蓝光治疗青春痘之前应该了解的常识Laser treatment for acne: What you should know尽管激光与光疗治疗青春痘被人们大肆炒作，但其实很多都不符合事实，至少今天看来还不现实。在你决定尝试激光或其他光疗法治疗青春痘之前，先看看它能否达到你所期望的效果。With all the hype, it may seem that lasers and other light therapies are light-years ahead of other acne treatments. Thats not necessarily true. At least, its not true today. The following tells you what you can expect from this type of acne treatment. 1，激光疗法与其他光疗法可以作为青春痘治疗的一种辅助手段。激光与光疗很少能清除青春痘，只有当与外用药物治疗同时使用时才能获得最佳的效果（过去几年在美容院曾兴起红蓝光祛痘-光动力祛痘，大中型美容院都有至少一台红蓝光祛痘仪。由于只用配备红蓝光LED的光动力仪器祛痘，没有使用匹配的光敏药物（艾拉-Aila),基本没有祛痘效果，这两年这股“光动力祛痘概念”已消费了。 不再流行。）。Laser treatment or light therapy might be a part of an acne treatment plan. Rarely can a laser or light treatment alone clear acne. This type of treatment works best when used along with other acne treatment such as medicine applied to the skin. 2，激光疗法与其他光疗法可以作为其他方法效果不理想时的补充方法。有些青春痘患者在治疗效果不理想时，也可以联合激光与光疗。 Laser or light therapy may help when other acne treatment has not worked. Some patients who did not see clearer skin with strong acne medicine have seen results when a laser or light therapy was added to their treatment plan. 3，激光与光疗的结果仍然难以预料。激光与光疗并不适合每一个人，现在医生们还无法确定哪些人适合激光与光疗，也不能确定它的效果到底如何。 Results are unpredictable. Lasers and other light treatments do not work for everyone. Right now, there is no way to know who will see clearer skin and how much the skin will clear with a laser or light therapy. 4，激光与光疗法是有一定效果的，但并非百分之百的有效。比如，蓝光疗法在一系列治疗之后的治疗效果平均为30-60%。 Most people see some clearing, but not 100% clearing. For example, people who receive blue light average 30% to 60% clearing after a series of treatments. 5，为了获得最佳效果，你需要一系列的治疗。例如，蓝光就是一种选择，但你可能需要坚持一个月的治疗，每周治疗1-2次。每次治疗通常持续约15分钟。 To get the best results, you need a series of treatments. For example, if blue light is an option, you may need 1 or 2 treatments per week for a month. Each treatment usually lasts about 15 minutes. 6，激光与光疗的结果也不是永久性的。如果想要有持续的效果，在获得一定的效果之后还需要继续使用皮肤外用祛痘产品。 Results tend to be temporary. To maintain your results, you may need to use acne medicine that you apply to your skin. 7，激光与光疗的费用是昂贵的，而且也不能报销