消化系统 PPT课件.ppt

CHAPTER13 THEDIGESTIVESYSTEM 1 ExerciseImaze Lookatthediagramandtellthepartsofthedigestivesystemintheorderthatfoodpassesthroughthebody 2 Atlasofthedigestivesystem Source AMA sCurrentProceduralTerminology Revised1998Edition 3 ExerciseIITechnicalTerms Fillintheblanksinthefollowingshortpassagewiththecorrespondingtechnicalterms 4 Esophaguscancer Althoughtheesophagusisessentiallyahollowtube itswallsarecomposedofanumberofhighlyspecializedlayers includinganinnerliningmadeupofthin flatcells 1 alayerbelowtheinnerlining 2 thatcontainsmucus secretingglands andathickbandofmuscletissue Whenyoueatordrink amuscleintheupperpartofyouresophagus 3 relaxes allowingfoodandliquidtoenter Smoothmusclesintheesophaguswallthenmovethefoodalonginaseriesofrhythmiccontractions aprocesscalled4 Itusuallytakesfourto10secondsforfoodtoflowthroughyouresophagus squamouscell submucosa upperesophagealsphincter peristalsis 5 Esophaguscancer Anotherringofmuscle the5 sitsatthejunctionwhereyouresophagusandstomachconnect Itopenstoallowfoodintoyourstomachandthenclampsshutsothatcorrosivestomachacidsanddigestiveenzymesdon tbackupintotheesophagus Amongmanycausesofesophaguscancer heavyalcoholconsumptionisatypicalone InWesternnations amajorityofesophagealsquamouscellcarcinomasresultfromchronicalcoholabuse Long termheavydrinkingirritatestheliningoftheesophagus leadingtoinflammation 6 thateventuallymaycausemalignantchangesinthecells loweresophagealsphincter esophagitis 6 Commonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystem 胃灼热Heartburn cardialgia pyrosis反酸WaterbrashRegurgitationofwateryacidfromthestomach吞咽困难DysphagiaDyspepsia消化不良 7 Commonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystem NauseaandvomitingAnorexia食欲缺乏神经性厌食症anorexianervosa胃气胀Gasandbloating flatulencyConstipation 8 Commonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystem DiarrheaMalnutritionAcuteabdomen急腹症Chronicabdomen慢腹症Jaundice 9 Commonsymptomsandsignsofthedigestivesystem Ascites腹水GastrointestinalbleedingAbdominalmass腹部肿块 10 Gastrointestinalbleeding HematemesisVomitingofbloodCf hemoptysisUsu indicatingupperGIbleeding呕血 11 Gastrointestinalbleeding 便血Hematochezia 7hemEtE5ki ziE PassageofgrossbloodthroughtherectumUsu indicatinglowerGIbleeding 12 Gastrointestinalbleeding 黑粪症Melena mE5li nE PassageofblacktarrystoolUsu indicatingupperGIbleeding 13 Gastrointestinalbleeding Occultbleeding隐性出血fecaloccultbloodtest排泄物潜隐血测试 14 Gastritis Acuteerosivegastritis急性腐蚀性胃炎Chronicerosivegastritis慢性糜烂性胃炎Nonerosivegastritis非侵蚀性胃炎Postgastrectomygastritis胃切除术后胃炎Eosinophilicgastritis嗜酸性胃炎 15 Pepticulcer MostcommontypesGastriculcer duodenalulcerPathogenesisPasttheory acidhypersecretionPresenttheory H pylori 幽门螺旋杆菌 andNSAIDs 非甾体抗炎药 TreatmentsAntacidsProtonpumpinhibitors质子泵抑制剂 16 Crohn sdisease克罗恩病 Othernames Regionalenteritis节段性回肠炎Granulomatousileitis肉芽肿性回肠炎Ileocolitis回肠结肠炎Anonspecificchronictransmural 透壁性 inflammatorydiseasethatmostcommonlyaffectsthedistalileumandcolonbutmayoccurinanypartoftheGItract 17 Gastrointestinaltumors I Gastricadenocarcinoma胃腺癌Leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤Lipoma脂肪瘤NeurofibromaFibromaKaposi ssarcoma卡波西肉瘤 18 Gastrointestinaltumors II polyps息肉insulinoma胰岛素瘤Zollinger Ellisonsyndrome佐 埃综合症 gastrinoma胃泌素瘤vipoma血管活性肠肽肿瘤glucagonoma胰高血糖素瘤 19 Liverconditions ViralhepatitisHepatitisA B CCirrhosisAscitesPrimaryhepatocellularcarcinoma HCC Hepaticencephalopathy hepaticcoma 20 ExerciseIIIPlayHouse Decidewhatthediseaseisaccordingtotheclues 21 Symptoms exhaustionfatiguelossofappetitenauseaweaknessweightlossabdominalpainspider likebloodvessels spiderangiomas thatdevelopontheskin 22 Causes AlcoholliverdiseaseChronichepatitisCChronichepatitisBandDBlockedbileductsToxins drugs andinfectionsInheriteddiseaseslikehemachromatosis血色素沉着 23 Complications EdemaandascitesBruisingandbleedingJaundiceGallstonesPortalhypertensionVaricesLivercancer 24 Diagnosis BloodtestsMRICTscanningRadioisotopescanningLaparoscopeLiverbiopsy 25 Treatments Treatmentsusuallycannotreversethedamage butcandelayfurtherprogressionandreducecomplications Livertransplantationhasachievedasurvivalrateof80 90 26 ANSWER CIRRHOSIS oftheliver 27 Interested OK Onemorecase 28 Symptoms BoutsofbloodydiarrheaAbdominalcrampsandpainFatigueWeightlossNightsweats 29 Causes VirusesorbacteriaGeneticmake upHigh fatandrefineddietAntibiotictherapy 30 Complications ToxicmegacolonPerforatedcolonPeritonitis inflammationofperitoneum SeveredehydrationLiverdiseaseInflammationoftheskin jointsandeyes 31 Diagnosis BloodtestsColonoscopyFlexiblesigmoidoscopy软式乙状结肠内视镜BariumenemaSmallbowelX ray ANSWER COLITIS 33 ExerciseIV TranslatorCamp TentitlesofarticlespublishedonGastroenterologyarechosenforyoutopracticeyourtranslationskillswhileinternalizingsomeofthetermsyouhavelearnedinthisunit 34 1 AmericanGastroenterologicalAssociationstatement Guidelinesforthemanagementofmalnutritionandcachexia chronicdiarrhea andhepatobiliarydiseaseinpatientswithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusinfection 35 Suggestedversion 美国肠胃病学会声明 艾滋病毒感染患者营养不良 恶病质 慢性腹泻及肝胆疾病的治疗方针 36 2 Anoveltriterpenoid 三萜系化合物 inducestransforminggrowthfactor productionbyintraepitheliallymphocytestopreventileitis 37 Suggestedversion 新型三萜系化合物诱导上皮内淋巴细胞生成 转化生长因子从而预防回肠炎 38 3 Howgoodisstenttherapyforesophagorespiratoryfistula 39 Suggestedversion 支架疗法治疗食管气道瘘管疗效 40 4 Appendicealandsigmoiddiverticulosis 41 Suggestedversion 阑尾乙状结肠憩室病 42 5 Etiologyoffastinghyperbilirubinemia Geneticfactorsversusenhancedenterohepaticcyclingofbilirubin 43 Suggestedversion 饥饿性 空腹高胆红素血症病因学 遗传因素与胆红素肠肝循环增强的对比 44 6 Inductionofnitricoxidesynthaseincolonicsmoothmusclefrompatientswithtoxicmegacolon 45 Suggestedversion 中毒性巨结肠患者结肠平滑肌一氧化氮合酶诱导 46 7 Completeinvaginationoftheappendixprogressingtoileocecocolicintussusception 47 Suggestedversion 阑尾完全内陷发展到回盲结肠套叠 48 8 Gastroesophagealmotilityininfantswithgastricvolvulus 49 Suggestedversion 胃扭转婴儿的胃食管能动性 50 9 Budesonideenemaforthetreatmentofactive distalulcerativecolitisandproctitis Adose rangingstudy 51 Suggestedversion 布地奈德灌肠法治疗活动性远端溃疡性结