2011年职称英语考试卫生A真题与答案.doc

2011年职称英语考试卫生A类真题与答案一、词汇选项1、unclear- obscure.模糊不清晰的2、greatly considerably， greatly 意思为adv. 相当地;非常地3、push- urge催促某人做某事 push推;促进;逼迫4、handleapproach 解决问题5、caused -provoke: 激怒.惹起.驱使，造成6、stand= tolerate 忍受、 承受7、energetic-vigorous 精力充沛的 有活力的8、shake tremble 颤抖 颤动9、praised -hail: 招呼.致敬.万岁.向.欢呼10、afraid- scared 害怕.恐惧11、understand- grasp 理解，明白12、saying- remarking 说话，说出13、maintain assert 主张、声称、断言14、continuous steady . 稳定的15、criticizes- finds fault with 挑错，批评二、阅读判断Relieving the Pain主旨大意：运动对于治疗各种痛疼有益处16. To treat pain, patients should stop moving around答案：B（wrong：错）17. Headaches are partly caused by lack of 答案：C（not mentioned：未提及）18. Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain答案：A（right：正确）19. Doctors often use drugs such as endprphins to treat patients答案：B（wrong：错）20. Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain答案：A（right：正确）21. Excercises helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment答案：C（not mentioned：未提及）22. New pain clinc ask patients to give up drugs completely答案：B（wrong：错）三、概括大意与完成句子Owls and Larks主旨大意：早起的人和晚起的人的差别及形成原因23. 答案：D （why do we need sleep?）24. 答案：E (what makes paople owls or larks ?)25. 答案：C ( which is better,being an owl or a lark?)26. 答案：A (What should we avoid ?).27. Sleep helps brains to答案：F rebuld memories stored during the day28. Parents with very young children tend to答案：D get up quite early29. A good lifestyle means one can答案：A sleep enough to bring most refreshment30 It is good advice for most people答案：B keep away from coffee in the eveing四、阅读理解第一篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communicationhaving a mobile phone shows that they are cool and The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, these has been a serious debates about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that make mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amount of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.题干：People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that答案：theyre cheap.题干：The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by答案：discovered.题干：The salesman retired young because答案：he couldnt remember simple tasks.题干：On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing company答案：hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.题干：The writers purpose of writing this article is to advise people答案：to use mobile phones less 第二篇 Immune FunctionsThe immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consulting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-omitting.At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign of nonself molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders（入侵者）. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The bodys immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule, the system has the ability to “remember” the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must “learn” from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live, learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical win, whose cells carry identical self makers) act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigentic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitomes, which stick out from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitomes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitomes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.题干：What is used to describe the communication network consisting of cells in the immune system?答案：Bees flying around a hive.题干：The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as答案：self-tolerance.题干：How do the immune cells recognize an antigen as “foreign” or “nonself”?答案：Through characteristic shapes on the antigen surface.题干：Which of the following statements is true?答案：Antigens can trigger an immune response.题干：Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?答案：The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonself.第三篇 Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance（卫生类教材上阅读理解第三十四篇）第一个题问法差不多，正确选项的说法有更改第二题是换成了词汇题第三题是在原文第二题的基础上换题了，正确选项说法有变动。第四题是在原题的基础上就题目和正确选项进行了更改第五题题目是差不多，但是选项全部更换了五、补全短文Mt. Desert IslandThe coast of the State of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you followed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. (46) At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that towered above the sea. As the glacier（冰川） descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea.As the mountain sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons（咸水湖）. The highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. (47) Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier.The 2,500-mile-long rocky coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. (48)For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recently though, Bar Harbor has become a rapidly growing arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate（温带）and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the plants and animals of both zones as well as beach, inland, and alpine（高山的）plants. (49) The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, cycling, and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island.The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. (50) From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating A. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birdsB. Mt