考研英语写作整理笔记.doc

1非限制性定语从句，限制性区别，this is the street where I used to live.一个作用是对一个现象做一说明，一个是表示因果关系。关于环境问题，越来越多的人们注意到到全球变暖越来越严重。The global warming is getting worse and worse, from bad to worse（increasingly serious）, which is mentioned（noticed， concerned）by more and more people（human beings, persons, individuals, folks .解释一个现象。我的工资越来越高，所以缓解了家庭的经济负担。My salary has been increasing gradually, which eases the financial burden of my family. 我的房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。My house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake. JACK已经爱上了ROSE，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。JACK has been falling in love with ROSE，as can be judged from his eyes 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。He seems not to have understood what I meant, which seriously makes me sad.He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 可以用来解释名词，一个事物或事件，在北京奥运会，中国队夺得了51枚金牌，其中50枚是女子夺得的。In the Beijing Olympic Games, the Chinese team got 51 gold medals，50 of which were won by women 2 同位语从句，和定语从句比较博物馆有很重要的教育作用，因为她给人们深入理解自己传统文化的机会。先把中文记下来。Museums have very important educational role, （museums play an important（essential本质的， crucial决定性的，significant意味深长的 vital 及其重要的consequential （consequence产生影响的，）influential 重要的人，momentous（千钧一发），重要的时刻，比如结婚是我生命种的一个重要时刻， considerable可观的，重要的， valuable重要价值的substantial本质的（substance物质决定意识，） material） role in educationBecause (for the reason that) they give support people citizens with chances to deeply understand their countrys tradition and cultures.3 形式主语It is no use crying over the spilt milk, Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧 Patience is the road to understanding 理解万岁 All roads lead to Rome 条条大路通罗马 Attitudes define everything. 态度决定一切 Every coin has its two sides. 有利有弊 Ones meat is anothers poison. 己所不欲，勿施于人, 人们普遍认为一个公司的成功与他管理者的能力直接相关。我们不需要强调是谁吧，It is generally (general widely, obviously, universally, universe, university?, universal ) accepted (admitted,被公认了的，acknowledged, ) that the success of a company is directly related to the ability (capacity , competence ability capacity capability genius talent competence faculty gift aptitude )of its managers.你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人吃惊。It is a surprise(Amazement, astonishment) that you gave such an answer to the question. 掌握至少两门外语对于当代年轻人来说是很重要的。It is important for modern（contemporary） young people(youths, youngsters) to master at least two foreign languages. Wherever you go, whatever you do, whoever you love, whenever you come back, however old and ugly you are，I will be waiting for you here. 关于诚信的作文，每当我看到欺骗发生，我都不得不感到悲伤。Whenever I meet with cheats, I can not but feel angry.4 宾语从句宾语从句简单说就是提出观点用的。一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。 Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society（在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age）, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. 我认为没有人可以不费辛苦的获得知识。I think that no one can obtain knowledge without any efforts on his own part.5 倒装句，后面加个星号，倒装是重点中的重点。的出现一般是句首发生变化。 Sothat.以至于我们写，他跑的太快了以至于火车都追不上他。So fast does he run that the train couldnt catch up with him.So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousand people. 分词或形容词短语提前至句首Those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of success are satisfied with their children finding a high-paying jobSatisfied with their children finding a high-paying and long-working job are those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of successArguing for those students living outside the campus are those who hold the opinion that independence is the most critical characteristic of a university student形容词though/as+主语谓语主句though he is tall, he is stupidtall though he is, he is stupid.黄金句型though the advantages that living outside the campus enjoys（leads to、result in） are numerous(considerable) , they can not compare with the benefits that living inside the campus brings about(定语从句), when (if) safety is taken into consideration/ deliberation/ account.Considerable though the advantages that living outside the campus leads to are, they can not compare with the benefits that living inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken into consideration.表示否定的副词或短语助动词主语谓语其他成分我永远不会爱你，I will never love you Never will I love you No/not/never/Neither/nor/ (全部否定)seldom/rarely/barely /hardly（部分否定）关于电脑的话题，我们如果是反对观点，那么我们就得不承认电脑对人们好的影响，要否定他。我绝对不会认为电脑是对人们影响最大的发明Never will I form an idea that computers affect human beings life style most profoundly among all inventions.Only状语置于句首助动词主语谓语其他成分这种写法就给个万能句子，可以用在任何文章结尾，如果没时间了就拿这句话充一下字数。only in this way can we have a brilliant future.Studying 6 虚拟语气1 如果我们当时不建这个工厂，就不怎么会有污染If we had not built this factory, there would have been little pollution.2 我多么希望他的观点是对的， I wish his point of view were right。代替His point of view is wrong。3 现在是保护环境的时候了。It is high time that we should protect the environment.It is high time that we protected the environment.7，状语从句一共9种状语从句。1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whene.g. 当每个人充分意识到水短缺的严重性，并采取有效措施，我相信我们一定能解决好这个问题。When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem.(2)地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(无风不起浪)where there is true love, there is miracle有真爱就有奇迹。(3)原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, for特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. 应该禁止饲养宠物，因为它们可能会传播疾病和有损市容。) Pets should be forbidden, for they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape. (4)目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that(应当鼓励老人到敬老院居住，这样他们可以享受到专业的照料和一流的设施。) Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. 老师把声音放大为了让后面的学生听清楚。The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.(5)结果状语从句常用引导词：so that, so that, such that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that (一些政府官员未能认识到垃圾潜在危害，因此一些城市的环境不断恶化。) Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of waste, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating. (6)条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that(如果我们继续无视郑州日益增多的垃圾，有可能不久的将来郑州将成为巨大的垃圾填埋场。) If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Zhengzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge dump。(7)让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever (虽然我承认吸烟有副作用，我依然觉得公共场所禁烟是荒唐的。)While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places. (8)比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。造个句子，比如我想说电脑很重要，可以说，电脑之于人就想太阳之于花朵Computer is to men what sunshine is to flower。(9)方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the way. (正如我们保护弱势群体一样，我们也应该保护弱势物种的生存权利。)Just as we protect disadvantaged groups, we should safeguard the right to survive of other weaker species. he environment should be of the people, by the people, and for the people.(民有，民治，民享)只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间。Maybe the individual influence of any effort or belief would not be any output because of its inborn limit, but the society can be and should be more mutually considerate among any single soul.Love your parents in time for we can never reply from paradise. Love your parents in time for there is a fault called miss.have you ever been to the Imperial Palace in Beijing? Have you ever seen the fallen leaves in Fragrant Hills? Have you ever walked along the Great wall? If you have never had such experience, you would never know how important traveling means to your life.People without education are like flowers without sunshine, while education without teachers is like fish without water. (Have you ever) however, there is no consensus among people as to evaluating teachers. Some people maintain that schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers while others side with the opposite. From my personal angle alone, the former point coincides with mine and the following factors may give rise to my opinion.To begin with, students should have right to express their perspectives of their teachers for the reason that they are one of the vital elements in the education. There was a time when students could only receive lessons from teachers. Thanks to the rapid development of modern society, no one but students could and should evaluate their teachers.Furthermore, it is obvious that allowing students to evaluate their teachers might bring about a number of benefits. For one thing, it helps to p