重要句子(1).doc

Unit 11、Undergraduates are searching identity and meaning and ,like rest of us ,they are torn by idealism of service on the one hand ,and on the other , the temptation to retreat into a world that never rise above self-interests.大学生一直在寻找真我的所在，寻找生活的意义。一如芸芸众生的我们，他们也陷入了两难的境地。一方面，他们崇尚奉献于人的理想主义，而另一方面，他们又经不住自身利益的诱惑，陷入利己主义的世界里欲罢不能。6、Unless we find better ways to educate ourselves ,as citizens ,unless hard questions are asked and satisfactory answers are offered ,we run the risk of making critical decisions ,not on the basis of what we know ,but on the basis of faith in one or another set of professed experts .作为公民，我们只有找到更好的教育方法，只有提出更棘手的问题，并得到满意的答案，才能在关键的决策时刻承担风险，运用我们所学的知识做出重大决定，否则，我们只能基于盲目地相信一个或几个所谓的专家做出决策。8、Obviously , no one institution in society can single-handedly provide the leadership we require .But we are convinced that the undergraduate college , perhaps more than any other institution , is obliged to provide the enlightened leadership our nation urgently requires if government by the people is to endure .诚然，没有哪个社会机构能独立培养我们所需的领导人才，但我们深信，如果“民治政府要有生命力的话，大学相对子其他机构来说，更有责任去培养我们国家所急需的具有宏畴伟略的领导人。10、The world may not yet be a village , but surely our sense of neighborhood must expand . When drought ravages the Sahara , when war in Indo-China creates refugees , neither our compassion nor our analytic intelligence can be bounded by a dotted line on a political map . 世界或许还没有变成一个小村庄。但可以肯定的是，我们的邻里意识必须加以扩展。当旱灾席卷撒哈拉沙漠，当印度支那战争带来难民潮时，我们的同情心，我们富于分析的智慧都不再受缚于地图上的政治分界线。11、Philosophers, statesmen, inventors and artists from around the world enrich our lives, but such individuals and their contributions are largely unknown or unremembered.世界各地的哲学家、政治家、发明家和艺术家的丰功伟绩丰富了我们的生活，但他们本人及其贡献却时常不为人知，或是被世人遗忘在角落里。12、While some students have a global perspective, the vast majority, although vaguely concerned, are inadequately informed about the interdependent world in which they live.虽然有一些学生已具备了放眼全球的视角，然而，大多数学生尽管他们对世事的关注忽隐忽现，却对他们赖以生存相互依赖的世界缺乏足够的了解。16、Education for what purpose? Competence to what end? At a time in life when values should be shaped and personal priorities sharply probed, what a tragedy it would be if the most deeply felt issues, the most haunting questions the most creative moments were pushed to the fringes of our institutional life . What a monumental mistake it would be if students, during the undergraduate years, remained trapped within the organizational grooves and narrow routines to which the academic world sometimes seems excessively devoted.教育的终极目的是什么?能力会带采什么结果?各种科学技术都无法回答诸如此类的一些极为重要的问题。大学教育阶段，是一个人一生中价值观念得以形成的时期，个人的兴趣和爱好也在这一时期凸现出来。这一时期，人们对一些问题的感触最深，对一些悬而未决的疑难问题最感兴趣，创造力最活跃。如果人生的这一黄金时期被置于无人问津的次要地位，那将是人生的悲剧。在大学本科教育阶段，如果学生们习惯于墨守成规，陷入学术界有时过分倡导的条条框框的束缚之中，那将是人生的一大遗憾。21、The goal is not to indoctrinate students, but to set them free in the world of ideas and provide a climate in which ethical and moral choices can be thoughtfully examined, and convictions formed.大学的目的不是向学生进行思想灌输，而是要让他们在思想的国度里畅游，为他们提供良好的氛围，以培养正确的伦理道德观并形成坚定的信念。22、This imperative does not replace the need for rigorous study in the disciplines, but neither must specialization become an excuse to suspend judgment or diminish the search for purposeful life objectives.这一非同寻常的任务并不否定学生在专业学习上必须付出努力，但选择学习任何一类专业都不应成为他们中断明辨事理能力培养的理由，也不应成为葬送其探求人类生活的终极关怀的这一过程的理由。23、We are keenly aware of the limited impact (that) people and their institutions seem to make these days on the events of our time.我们深刻地意识到，年轻的学子以及他们所生活的大学对当今我们所处的时代的一些事情的接触是有限的。Unit 23、The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one, not three, not even five years ahead. Indeed, a comprehensive succession plan, which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies, generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.一个家庭企业着手规划交接的适当时机不是提前一年，三年甚至是五年进行的。确切地说，一个包括复杂的财产规划策略的综合性的交接计划一般至少要在十年的基础上才能适当地完成。4、But regardless of how diverse they are, four key elements must be in place before a business can be successfully passed from one generation to another.但是无论怎样不同，在一个企业顺利地交接到下一代之前，以下四个关键性的因素应计划到位。5、The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.然后，对它们进行比较。各机构图之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上的分歧。7、Therefore, it is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities.因此，提前制定一个行动计划和时间表是非常重要的，以便职责的过渡井然有序地进行。8、Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要的部门经理，激发他们的积极性，使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作。12、Parents can pass on their legacy to their children without necessarily giving them control of a company. When the children are not suited to take over the business-about 30 percent of the time-other methods can be found for them to share in the family wealth.父母可以把他们的财产转给孩子们而不必让他们控制公司。当孩子们不适合接管公司的业务这种情况约占30，可寻求其他的方法让他们共享家庭的财富。14、Often they will receive better mentoring and more opportunities to take responsibility than they would in the family business. Proving themselves outside the family business also gives children greater credibility with employees when they do eventually take control of the family business.通常他们会比在家庭企业里得到更好的锻炼和更多担当职责的机会。在家庭企业外证实自己的价值也会最终使他们在接管家庭企业时能让雇员们对他们产生更多的信任度。19、Poor estate planning has led to the demise of more family businesses than any other cause. In many of these cases, the liquidity needs caused by estate taxes due on the value of the family business are far greater than the business can absorb.糟糕的地产规划比任何其他的原因更会导致家庭企业的瓦解。在很多情况下，家庭企业价值中的地产税所造成的资产流动要比企业能赚到的多得多。20、However, the cost of life insurance for a business reinvesting most of its capital in growing the business usually makes the insurance an impractical solution for the entire estate-tax dilemma.然而，对于一个把大多数资金投入到发展业务的企业而言，人寿保险费的成本之高通常是支付整个地产税的一个不切实际的解决办法。Unit 32、My father liked to brag that it would go 120 miles an hour. The very thought of such velocity electrified men and lent credence to my nicknaming the smart beast Black Beauty, after the mysterious machine piloted by the Green Hornet inside the recesses of the family Philco.我父亲爱吹嘘说这辆车一小时能跑120英里。一想到这样的速度就会令男人们兴奋不已。我照着家里的菲尔可牌收音机盒里播出的格林，霍利特驾驶的那个神秘机器的名字，给这头漂亮的牲口取了个名副其实的绰号黑美驹。5、The configurations have not been perfect (nor have the mass transit alternatives), but the fact remains that massive growth is being enjoyed by southern and western cities built around cars. While environmentalists fret, the multitudes drive on.这样的规划并不完美(若代之以适应公共交通的规划也完美不起来)，但实际状况仍然是：南部和西部环绕汽车兴建的城市正在飞跃发展。环境保护主义者在担忧，大多数人却照样开着车。9、But the fact remains that drivers by the millions are unwilling to forgo the freedom of movement (although sometimes slow) for the podlike constriction of mass transit.但实际情况仍然是，数以百万计的司机不愿意放弃出行的自由(尽管有时速度不快)钻到豆荚式的公共交通工具中去。Unit 44、In a world seriously threatened by the consequences of overpopulation were concerned with making life without children acceptance and respectable.在一个受到人口过剩一系列后果威胁的世界上，我们正在参与一项事业使膝下无子的生活模式为社会所接受并受世人尊重。5、 Her husband adds, “Every friend, relative and business associate is pressuring you to have kids and find what youre missing. Too many people discover too late that what they were missing was something they were totally unsuited for.”埃伦的丈夫补充说：“每位朋友、亲戚、同事不停地给你施加压力，劝你要孩子，说什么发现你生活中失去的东西。好多好多人很晚才发现，所谓他们失去的东西其实是他们完全不适合做的事情。”11、 “Many of these young adults are ambivalent about relinquishing the role of the one who is cared for and taking on that of the one who does the caring,” says Dr. Kaplan.“许多这些年轻的成年人对放弃受人照顾的角色和承担照顾人的角色显示出矛盾心态，”卡普兰博士说。15、The point seems to be to know yourself, to accept your deeper feelings and not make such an important life decision because its the thing to do or to satisfy unrealistic fantasies, or to give your parents what they want or to escape from other responsibilities.问题的要领似乎是你要了解你自己，承认你内心深处的情感，不要因为男大当婚女大当嫁，或者是满足不现实的幻想，或者是奉父母之命，或者是逃避其他责任而做出如此重大的人生决策。16、 Some people are afraid to admit their own feelings of the kind many of the childless couples interviewed could accept about themselves-what they called being selfish. They are ashamed to admit they would rather travel than bring up children. But what if that is what changed and if you do not recognize what yours really are, you will not make the choices that are right for you.有些人害怕承认他们自己的这种感觉，类似许多接受采访的无子女夫妇那样能够承受自己的骂名他们所谓的“自私自利”。他们耻于承认他们宁愿外出旅游也不愿抚养儿女。但是，如果那就是使他们最快乐的事情，那又怎么样呢?深藏在心底的情感是不容易改变的，如果你没有认识到你的真实情感，你就做不出适合你的决定。17、And we live in a time in which attitudes seem to be freeing up in a way which enables increasing numbers of men and women to question the way “everybody” lives if that is not the way is right for them. The more people continue to ask themselves such questions as whether or not they really want to raise a family before they begin to do so, the fewer unhappy parents and troubled children there will be.所幸我们生活在一个时代，其生活态度的自由化高达这样一个程度，使得越来越多的男男女女去质疑“结婚是个当，人人都得上”的生活方式，看看这个固定的模式是不是不适合自己。如果越来越多的人在开始怀孕前就不断地扪心自问是否真的想要抚养儿女，世界上不幸的父母和苦命的孩子就会越来越少。Unit 52、Elderly relatives and their younger family members now share an estimated 120,000 households in Canada. Although statistics show that the proportion of seniors living with their children is decreasing, those who do move in with their children enter households profoundly changed from previous generations. Because todays seniors had fewer children than their predecessors, there are fewer family members to share the burden. And many daughters now have jobs outside the home.据估计在女口拿大，年长的亲戚与小一辈的家庭咸员生活在一起的大家庭大约有12万家。尽管统计数字显示这样的大家庭越来越少，但那些确实搬到了子女家并与子女同住的大家庭已经发生了巨大的变化，他们与原来的大家庭完全不一样了，一方面现在的长辈子女少些，因而分担家庭重担的人相应减少了；另一方面，现代家庭中的女孩也都出外工作。4、But King adds that health-care facilities must be financially accountable. Maintaining acute-care beds is expensiveabout $975 a dayand they are in high demand. Nothing the shortage of beds, King says: “We try to free them up as quickly as possible.” Sometimes, he adds, families have to play a part.他解释说，因为医疗服务配套设施需要大量的投入，因此特护床位费用昂贵，一天就需975美元，并且还供不应求。由于床位奇缺，“我们只能尽可能快地腾出特护床位。”他强调，家属应该理解并给予配合。7、“How do you break away from your job to see a sick mother?” he asks. “And then you feel guilty when you leave her alone. Even if they arent living with you, there is the stress of juggling obligations at home, to your extended family and to your employer.”“怎么可能放下手头的活儿去看生病的母亲?”他问道，“而将母亲置之不管不顾，他们又内疚万分。即使老人不与子女同住，子女同样面临着既处理好、照顾好老人又能让老板高兴的两难选择。Unit 61、But there is danger in this opposition, and it can be best dealt with by realizing that these pure and separate categories are pure ideas and do not otherwise exist.这两种极端对立的观点是危险的，最好是让人们意识到自然和人类彼此毫无关联的设想只是一种纯粹的理念；而实际情况并非如此。2、Obviously, the more artificial a human environment becomes, the more the word “natural” becomes a term of value. It can be argued, indeed, that the conservation movement, as we know it today, is largely a product of the industrial revolution. The people who want clean air, clear streams, and wild forests, prairies, and deserts are the people who no longer have them.很显然人类所处的环境越人造化，“天然”这个词就越被人珍视。确实，我们可以说，我们当今的自然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。渴望得到新鲜的空气，清澈的溪流，看到原始森林，大草原和大沙漠的人是哪些不再享有这些自然资源的人们。4、what we call nature is, in a sense, the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places.从某种意义上讲，我们所说的自然是各种各样生物和自然的力量在它们错综复杂的活动相互影响和变化的过程中所造成的变化的总和。5、And yet in his insistence on an “indifferent” natural justice, resting on the “brotherhood” of all creatures, not just of humans, Spenser would now be said to be on sound ecological footing.然而，斯宾塞坚持说自然界有这样一位公正的法官，不仅仅是基于人类的手足之情，而且是基于所有生物的手足之情。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞的观点可以从生态学找到其理论依据。7、We can see, too, that a stable balance is preferable to a balance that tilts back and forth like a seesaw, dumping a surplus of creatures alternately from either end. To say this is to renew the question of whether or not the human relationship with nature is necessarily an adversary relationship, and it is to suggest that the answer is not simple显然，稳定的平衡要比像跷跷板一样前后倾斜不时交替地除去过剩的动物要好得多，提到这一点，我们又一次提出了人类和自然是否一定是敌对的关系这一问题，要回答这个问题可并不那么简单。8、But in dealing with this question and in trying to do justice to the presumed complexity of the answer, we are up against an American convention of simple opposition to nature that is deeply established both in our minds and in our ways.当我们试图回答这个问题，试图公正地权衡这个问题错综复杂的方方面面的时候，我们又遇到了一千问题：那就是在美国人的思想意识里根深蒂固的彻底征 服自然的信仰。9、But, do what we will, we remain under the spell of the primeval forests and prairies that we have cut down and broken; we turn repeatedly and with love to the thought of them and to their surviving remnants.尽管我们砍伐和破坏了原始森林和草原，我们仍然被它们的魅力所摄服，我们会时常充满深情地回忆起它们和那些幸存的原始森林和草原。Unit 71、Ardent immediately assumes a heat incommensurate with good sense and stability, and rank, fame, and power have come under fairly heavy attack for at least a century.于是乎“ardent”这个词直接承受一种压力，与褒义和恒心不再不相称，而官阶、名誉和权势至少受到百年猛烈的抨击。2、Surely ambition is behind dreams of glory, of wealth, of love, of distinction, of accomplishment, of pleasure, of goodness. What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot, of course, be predicted毫无疑问，雄心大志期望的是荣耀、财富、爱情、名气、成就、享乐、完美。当然，命运怎样对待我们的理想和期待不可预料3、To be sure, ambition, the sheer thing unalloyed by some larger purpose than merely clambering up, is never a pretty prospect to ponder. As drunks have done to alcohol, the single-minded have done to ambition-given it a bad name诚然，说到野心，即使并不掺杂超过敢于向上爬这样目的的纯粹事情，也不会让人感到前程似锦。如同酒鬼之嗜酒，执着的人怀有野心使它声名狼藉。Some people cannot handle it; it has brought grief to others, and not merely the ambitious alone有些人不能控制野心；给他人带来灾难，这就不单单是野心人的问题。4、The ambitious man or woman sees the world as a battle; rivalrousness is his or her principal emotion: the world has limited prizes to offer, and he or she is determined to get his or hers具有野心的男人或女人将世界视为战场：竞争是他们最重要的情感：世界提供了为数有限的奖项，他们也坚决要去摘取自己的桂冠。5、From here it is but a short hop to believe that those who have achieved the common goals of ambition-money, fame, power-have achieved them through corruption of a greater or lesser degree, mostly a greater.从这里来看，很容易相信凡是获得金钱、名誉、权势，即已经达到一般野心目标的人，他们通过不同程度的腐败私利，多数是腐败达到目的。8、The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.人们以不同的角度对野心群起而攻之；公开卫护野心的人少得可怜而且不成气候，可是他们却非常有吸引力。It can also be forced into vulgarity, as witness the blatant pratings of its contemporary promoters.野心可以被迫流于庸俗不堪，它见证了当代支持者故作姿态的空谈。9、Need much more be said on the subject than that, important though ambition is, there are some things that one must not sacrifice to it?野心固然很重要，有些事情一个人不必为此做出牺牲，在这个话题上针对这一点是否需要深入谈一下呢?10、But going at things the other way, sacrificing ambition so as to guard against its potential excesses, is to go at things wrongly.但是，以另外的方式来努力做事，牺牲野心以便防止其潜在的越轨行为，若照此办理则大锗特错。11、Ambition, as opposed to mere fantasizing about desires, implies work and discipline to achieve goals, personal and social, of a kind society cannot survive without.与对欲望仅仅是心存幻想相反，野心意味着为实现个人或社会的目标而苦干和训练，类似我们这样的社会没有野心便不能生存。The attack against ambition is not incidentally an attack on the middle class and what it stands for对野心的攻击决不是偶然对中产阶级及其主张的攻击。Unit 81、He has a still greater horror of wrong thinking, and considers it the business of the authorities to safeguard the young against those who question the wisdom of the views generally accepted by middle-aged successful citizens. Apart from his professional duties, at which he is assiduous, he spends much time in good works: he may encourage patriotism and military training; he may promote industry, sobriety, and virtue among wage-earners and their children by seeing to it that failures in these respects receive due punishment; he may be a trustee of a university and prevent an ill-judged respect for learning from allowing the employment of professors with subversive ideas. Above all, of course, his “morals,” in the narrow sense, must be irreproachable.他对错误的思想更为恐惧，认为当局的职责是保护年轻人不去质疑被成功的中年公民所公认的智慧的观点。除了职业上勤勉外，他花很多时间做好事：他鼓励爱国主义和军事训练；他鼓励工人和他们的子女要勤奋、自制和行德