第十二章 状语从句.doc

第十二章 状语从句一、 状语从句的定义二、 状语从句的分类三、 详解1. 时间状语从句 When 翻译下列句子：1. 当我还年轻时，我自己独自去城镇。2. 当他接到信时，他会告诉我们的。3. 我们正在看电视，忽然灯灭了。4. 他真要离开， 忽然电话铃响了。When 的用法：a.b. while翻译下列句子1. 他在旅行途中参观了许多地方。2. 我在做功课，而我弟弟却在玩游戏。3. 他们两个是同班同学。可是他已经是个博士了，而她仍在读高中。while 的用法：a.b. as翻译下列句子1. 他微笑着离开了我。2. 我们边走边谈。3. 我正要离开时，电话铃又响了。As的用法a.b.when, as, while的区别句子填空1. It was raining hard, _ I got there.2. _ I had read the article, he called me.3. _ I got to the cinema, the film had begun.4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.5. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially_ father was away in France.区别：a. b. c. since 的用法翻译下列句子1. I have worked here since I graduated from the university thirty years ago.2. It is three years since he joint the army.3. It is three years since he was a soldier4. Since Ive been at this school, we have had three headmasters. as soon as翻译下列句子1. 他一回家我就告诉他那件事。2. 他一完成他的工作，他就和你一起去。 till until翻译下列句子1. 我们一直走，走到天黑为止。2. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。3. 她直到六点才到。4. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点儿也不知道。till和until的用法:2. 地点状语从句主要谈论 where翻译下列句子1. 去你想去的地方2. 有志者事竟成。3. 原因状语从句原因状语从句由 because, since, as, now that 引导翻译下列句子：1. He is disappointed because he failed again.2. Since everybody is here, lets begin.3. Since none is against it, we will pass it.4. As you request it, I will come.5. As she had no car, she stayed at home.6. The day breaks, for the birds are singing.7. Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents help.Because, since, as, for的比较：完成下列句子1._Ling was ill, she didnt come to school.2. It was_I missed the early bus that I was late for school.3. _ everyone is here, lets start.4. We all like her_she is kind.5. The ground is wet_ it has rained.6. It must have rained, _ the ground is wet.7. _ I understood very little Japanese, I couldnt follow the conversation.区别：1. 2. 3. 4.4. 条件状语从句主要的连词有 if, unlessIf it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.If you use your head, you will find a way.I will not go unless I hear from him.Unless it rains, the game will be played.3. 表目的、结果的状语从句引导目的状语的连词有：so that, sothat, in order that引导结果状语的连词有：so that, sothat, suchthat, so much/manythatSo that; sothat比较：1. I will run slowly so that you can catch up with me. I ran slowly so that you caught up with me.2. He always studies so hard that he may make great progress. He always studies so hard that he made great progress.翻译：1. 我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。2. 我把窗户打开这样新鲜空气就进来了。In order that: 为了1. She raised her voice loud in order that she might be heard.2. Please speak up in order that we may hear you clearlySo that; suchthat比较下列句子The weather is so nice that all of us want to go the park.It is such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.结构：翻译下面句子用上面两种方式她是如此的聪明，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。迈克是如此诚实的一位工人，以至于大家都相信他。判断下面两个句子的正误, 并把你认为错误的句子改正确。They are such interesting books that I want to buy all of them.They are so interesting books that I want to buy all of them. so many(few, much, little)+名词+that翻译下列句子：1. 我摔了很多跤，以至于我浑身青一块，紫一块。2. 他有那么多作业要做，只有决定那天晚上不去看电影。3. 格林先生的钱那么少，以至于他不能买任何东西。4. 让步状语从句让步状语从句由以下连词引导：though, although, even if, even though1. though, althoughAlthough he is quite old, he still jogs every day.He still jogs everyday though he is quite old.It was not very cold although it was snowing.Although 和though 的区别 作连词的时候区别不大，只是although的语气更强一些。 though可以做副词，放在句子的末尾，作不过讲，而although 不可以She didnt tell me what she had done, but I know it though.Its hard work. I enjoy it though. though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，而although从句则不能。 Bravely though they fought, they had no chance of winning. Young as he is, he knows a lot.2. even if=even though: 即使也翻译下列句子1. 即使要下雨，我们也要去。2. 即使要卖房子，我还是要继续我的事业。3. 即使我忙，我也要去。（使用虚拟语气和陈述语气两种翻法）7. 比较状语从句三个级别原级 asas; 比较级 morethan最高级 the mostin(of)8. 方式状语方式状语从句常见的引导词有表示“像”的as和表示“好像”的as if/as though， 例如： Lets study as Lei Feng studied. 让我们像雷锋那样学习吧。/ Think as I think. 像我这样去想。/ He talks as if/though he is drunk.从他谈话的样子来看他好像醉了。 1. 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。 1） as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2） as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 2.其他的引导词 1）the way：Please pronounce the word the way I do.请照我这样,读这个单词. 2）口语常用的like：He sit there smiling like it was his birthday.他面带微笑坐在那儿,像是过生日似的. （这里用了虚拟语气，值得注意的是be动词用的was，而表示虚拟as if引导的be动词则只能是were。） 8.定语从句和状语从句的区别1. The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. （2002年春季高考上海） A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 2. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. （2001年上海） A. where B. which C. while D. why 3. She found her calculator _ she lost it. （2000年上海） A. where B. when C. in which D. that 4. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. （NMET99） A. when B. where C. then D. there 5. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. （NMET97） A. that B. where C. which D. when 6. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. （NMET96） A. which B. where C. that D. when 7. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. （MET86） A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where 8. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. （MET86） A. what B. which C. that D. where Where 的区别一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. 我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年前住的那个房子。 We will start at the point where we left off. 我们将从上次停下来的地方开始。 二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如: Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做一个记号。 I found my books where I had left them. 我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。 有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 谚语有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情况下, where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。例如: A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. （A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。 Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。When的区别a. I graduated from Cambridge University when I was 22 years old. 我22岁的时候从剑桥大学毕业。b. I graduated from Cambridge University last summer, when I was 22 years old.我去年夏季从剑桥大学毕业,当时我22岁。这两种从句有如下四点不同:第一,修饰关系不同。若when引导定语从句,when前面必然有表示时间的名词,即先行词;若when引导时间状语从句,则其前面没有表示时间的名词,这是因为when引导的时间状语从句是用来修饰动词,表示动作或状态发生的时间。a句中when前面没有表示时间的名词,因而不是定语从句;这里when引导的从句修饰的是graduate,表示“我从剑桥大学毕业”的时间,因而是时间状语从句。b句中的when前面有last summer,故其引导的从句是定语从句。简言之,when引导的定语从句必然修饰时间名词,而when引导的时间状语从句修饰动词。第二,从句位置不同。若when引导的是定语从句,从句只能置于主句的时间名词(即先行词)之后;若when引导的是时间状语从句,从句可以置于主句之后,也可以置于主句之前(此时用逗号来分隔主从句)。如a句可以改写成:When I was 22 years old, I graduated from Cambridge University. 而b句则不能这样改写。第三,when的作用不同。若when引导定语从句,其指代的是表示时间的先行词,这时when在定语从句中作状语,修饰从句的谓语;若when引导时间状语从句,则when在从句中不作任何成分,只起连接主句和从句的作用。如上面的b句,when指代last summer,作“I was 22 years old”的状语,即“去年夏天我是22岁”;而a句中的when在从句中没有作任何成分。第四,when的翻译不同。若when引导定语从句,一般可依据从句的时态来翻译:如果从句谓语是过去时,when可译为“当时”“那时”;如果从句谓语是将来时,when可译成“到时”“届时”。而引导时间状语从句的when,通常都是译成“当时候”,如a句可译为“当我22岁的时候,我从剑桥大学毕业。”as的区别1. 方式状语从句:方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。1)as引导行为方式状语从句时,意为“如同”“按照的方式(样子,办法)”这种从句常位于主句之后例如: You must try to hold the tool as I do. 你必须像我这样拿工具 Leave the things as they are. 别动这些东西 We must do as the Party tells us (to do). 我们必须按照党的指示办事2)(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体.例如： A