英语学位考试强化训练.pdf

ReadingReadingReadingReadingReadingReadingReadingReading ExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercises 专项训练 P38 Passage One Para 1 TopicSentence take for granted tend to do experts television critical thinking 句型 insist that sb should It does mean Para 3 信号词 or shaky not logical put it this way 这么说吧 Para 4 信号词 on the other hand 词组 for the sake of 为了 文章的结构 论点 间接引出论点 take for granted critical thinking 论据 1 your premises 2 strong argument Words authority riti 权威 Pl 当局 firm n 公司 company adj 坚固的 确切的 sound adj Sound advice reasoning evidence 合理的 正确的 Passage Two Para 1 bring someone to one s senses 使清醒过来 醒悟过来 in vain 徒劳地 take the place of sb sth 取代 代替 there has been a growing concern for sth sb there be 句型的现在完成时态 越来越多得关注 Para 2 lie in 在于 位于 nuclear power station 核电站 enormous i n m s 巨大的 信号词 however Not only could one accident spread 倒装 but also the radioactive waste Para 3 solar energy 太阳能 unreliable 不可靠的 alternative 二选一的 备用的 Para 4 generate d en reit 1 产生 发生 热 电 光等 The wind is used to generate electricity 风能用于发电 2 造成 引起 Investment generates higher incomes 投资带来更高的收入 信号词 at the same time 同时 consequence k nsikw ns 结果 后果 result burn up 消耗 损耗 use up greenhouse 文章结构 问题解决型 提出问题 oil alternative 解决问题 方案一 nuclear power station 方案二 natural source of energy 结论 optimistic fear PassageThree Para 1 信号词 that is 即 to be still more specific 更加具体 Para 2 fundamental f nd mentl 基础的 重要的 难句 If we take from someone his right to decide what he will be curious about If we take his right to decide what he will be curious about from someone 词组 in effect in fact Para 3 We might call this the right of curiosity the right to ask whatever question is most important to us 同位语 词组 look into 考察 调查 leave alone 不干涉 constitution k nsti tju n 宪法 固定句型 it occurs to someone that S 某人想到 tyrannical tai r nik l 专制的 专政的 Words restore ri st 恢复 复原 Refer to 涉及到 提到 暗指 文章结构 论点 the right to control learning 论据 论据一 the right is the mostimportant 论据二 the right of curiosity Passage Four Para 1 immigrant 移进 emigrant 移出 migrant 移 进 出 challenge 挑战 avariety of CNS All of them arrived late for a variety of reasons 由于种种原因 他们都来晚了 native 本国的 土著的 post n 邮件 邮政 v 张贴 宣布 social s u l 社会的 社交的 likely possilbe belikelyto do sth unlikely Para 2 confused k n fju zd 困惑的 信号词 because be willing to do sth 愿意做某事 take advantage of sth 利用 make use of numerous nju m r s 许多的 assist sist help appeartodo 似乎 好像 He appeared to be ill 他好像生病了 initiative i ni tiv 主动权 locate l u keit 找出 resource ri s s 资源 DialogueDialogueDialogueDialogueDialogueDialogueDialogueDialogue ExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercisesExercises 26 brake 制动器 tire tyre 轮胎 27 faire 公平 合理 as luck would have it 幸运地 28 easy going 随和 strong willed 意志坚强的 determined 果断的 坚定的 qualified 胜任的 29 It appears that 似乎 lay off 解雇 resign ri zain 辞职 31 So 助动词 情态动词 someone 表示肯定 Neither Nor 助动词 情态动词 someone 表示否定 38 make up the prescription 配药 39 originate rid i neit 发源 40 cooperative k u p r tiv 合作的 43 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy 只工作不娱乐使人愚钝 46 I couldn t help 忍不住 I couldn t help crying 47 every other day 每隔一天 50 emergency i m d nsi 紧急状况 突发事件 52 astronomical str n mik l 天文的 Without computer there would be no Internet If there was no computer there would be no Internet 55 count on 指望 期望 ClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeCloze 完型填空简介完型填空简介完型填空简介完型填空简介 完形填空融合了主观性考试和客观性考试的双重 优点 由于需要填补的部分较多 因而信息量也被破坏的较 多 这就需要考生通盘考虑短文的整体内容 组织结构 内 在逻辑和语言特点才能完成该项联系 因此 完形填空不仅 考查学生孤立的语言技能 还测试学生阅读理解 语法结构 和词汇运用等多方面的知识和综合能力 完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲 能够综合运用英语语言知识能够综合运用英语语言知识 在语篇的水平上理在语篇的水平上理 解一篇题材熟悉解一篇题材熟悉 难度适中的短文难度适中的短文 并完成短文并完成短文 中的选择填空中的选择填空 短文中的完形填空内容一般涉及短文中的完形填空内容一般涉及 基本的句型结构 语法规则及词组搭配等 基本的句型结构 语法规则及词组搭配等 完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲 e g Entering the drama room I am immediately surrounded by the familiar sights smells and sounds Streaks 条纹 线条 of light cast by the blinds of the tall 1 send shafts 杆状物 of light through the dusty air I take a 2 and the concrete and paint 3 tickle my nose I 4 everything about this room 1 A doorsB windowsC roofsD walls 2 A last look B long walkC short breathD deep breath 3 A smellsB tastesC soundsD looks 4 A hateB loveC missD forget 完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲完形填空大纲 完形填空是一篇完形填空是一篇完形填空是一篇完形填空是一篇200W200W200W200W左右的短文 有左右的短文 有左右的短文 有左右的短文 有10101010个空白 个空白 个空白 个空白 要求考生在理解短文意思的基础上为每个空白要求考生在理解短文意思的基础上为每个空白要求考生在理解短文意思的基础上为每个空白要求考生在理解短文意思的基础上为每个空白 选出一个最佳答案选出一个最佳答案选出一个最佳答案选出一个最佳答案 使其意思和结构完整使其意思和结构完整使其意思和结构完整使其意思和结构完整 满分满分满分满分 十分 每题一分 考试的参考时间为十分 每题一分 考试的参考时间为十分 每题一分 考试的参考时间为十分 每题一分 考试的参考时间为10101010分钟 分钟 分钟 分钟 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 1 通读全文 通读全文 通读全文 通读全文 掌握大意掌握大意掌握大意掌握大意 为了完成完形填空 首先对短文的内容有一个大致的 理解 因此考生不能操之过急 提笔就做 也不宜边阅读边 答题 否则不利于对文章的理解 又容易忽略上下文的联系 由于阅读时间有限 考生不必把注意力集中在单词 上 逐字默读 而应当以句群和句子为单位迅速浏览全文 这样可以扩大视幅 节约时间 又可以快速接受文中的信息 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 为了抓住文章的中心思想 考生通读全为了抓住文章的中心思想 考生通读全为了抓住文章的中心思想 考生通读全为了抓住文章的中心思想 考生通读全 文要特别注意文章中的第一句话文要特别注意文章中的第一句话文要特别注意文章中的第一句话文要特别注意文章中的第一句话 因为第一句话因为第一句话因为第一句话因为第一句话 通常是文章意义的精髓所在通常是文章意义的精髓所在通常是文章意义的精髓所在通常是文章意义的精髓所在 作者一般会在第一作者一般会在第一作者一般会在第一作者一般会在第一 句话中告诉读者自己这段文字的体裁 形式句话中告诉读者自己这段文字的体裁 形式句话中告诉读者自己这段文字的体裁 形式句话中告诉读者自己这段文字的体裁 形式 内内内内 容和写作目的容和写作目的容和写作目的容和写作目的 完形填空中的第一句话通常都是完形填空中的第一句话通常都是完形填空中的第一句话通常都是完形填空中的第一句话通常都是 不留空格的 不留空格的 不留空格的 不留空格的 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 2 2 2 2 上下联系 前后贯通上下联系 前后贯通上下联系 前后贯通上下联系 前后贯通 考生要善于从语篇的整体概念出发 通过抓住这些传递语言信 号的连词 从字里行间推测文章大意 理顺句与句之间的关系 寻找 正确的答题线索 考生要特别注意发现和识别连词 从宏观的角度把握文章的 差异 构建全文的内在逻辑机构 领会作者的指向性 另一方面 在 兼顾连词的基础上 从微观的角度确认信息词来加以考虑 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 All 1 things must fight to stay alive They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being 2 Therefore they have to solve this big problem of staying alive in their own way The danger of being eaten in the sea is great Those plants and animals that do survive usually 3 very fast and in great numbers 4 sea animals have defensive devices which help them to survive The jelly fish have 5 tentacles 触角 which are used for attack and defense Another method of 6 which sea plants and animals use is disguise They usually have the same 7 as their surroundings In order to stay alive animals need to have good senses Fishes have sharp eyes Almost all animals are sensitive to 8 Fishes judge movements in the water by 9 of their lines Fishes and other sea animals can hear well and many of them can 10 different types of warning sound 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 All 1 things must fight to stay alivealivealivealive They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being 2 Therefore they have to solve this big problem of staying alivealivealivealive in their own way The danger of being eaten in the sea is great Those plants and animals that do survivesurvivesurvivesurvive usually 3 very fast and in great numbers 4 sea animals have defensive devices which help them to survivesurvivesurvivesurvive The jelly fish have 5 tentacles 触角 which are used for attack and defense Another method of 6 which sea plants and animals use is disguise They usually have the same 7 as their surroundings In order to stay alivealivealivealive animals need to have good senses Fishes have sharp eyes Almost all animals are sensitive to 8 Fishes judge movements in the water by 9 of their lines Fishes and other sea animals can hear well and many of them can 10 different types of warning sound 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 3 3 3 3 借助语法 形意结合借助语法 形意结合借助语法 形意结合借助语法 形意结合 考生可凭借自己掌握的语法知识 兼顾人称 性 数 语态 时态一致等方面的因素 从语法 结构方面考虑解题答案 They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being 2 2 A takenB gotten C havenD eaten Tips 被动语态的构成 be done 过去分词 Therefore 3 he flew close she grasped him wildly 3 A BecauseB As C IfD Since Tips as 引导一个时间状语从句 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 4 4 4 4 展开联想 推测辨识展开联想 推测辨识展开联想 推测辨识展开联想 推测辨识 考生对单词尤其是同近义词的识别能力不够 主要表 现在两个方面 一是考生在短文上遇到了从未见过的生词 二是受记忆运作规律的影响 考生对某一单词的其中一种含 义记忆深刻 却对该词的其他含义印象模糊 因而妨碍了记 忆的充分展开 造成意识上的偏差 最终影响了对文章的正 确了解 Those plants and animals that do survive usually 3 very fast and in great numbers 3 A produceB reproduceC runD swim Tips 根据构词法 词根 前缀 后缀 They usually have the same 7 as their surroundings 7 A colorB body C widthD length Tips 根据常识 文化 历史 政治 地理等 完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧完形填空技巧 5 5 5 5 平时训练方法 平时训练方法 平时训练方法 平时训练方法 A 扩大背景知识 提高阅读技巧 如果平时对时事新闻 人物传记 科普信息 地理历史 生活常识等方方面面了解甚多的话 那在阅读中必然会自觉 调动脑海中储存的背景知识 对现有信息进行分析 处理 即使遇上个别生词的阻碍 依然能够运用联想式思维 使缺 损的内容和结构完善起来 B 扩大词汇量 巩固语法知识 ClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeClozeCloze ExerciseExerciseExerciseExerciseExerciseExerciseExerciseExercise Passage TwoP116 2 looklooklooklook downdowndowndown on uponon uponon uponon upon 轻视 看不起轻视 看不起轻视 看不起轻视 看不起 4 4 4 4 bebebebe regardedregardedregardedregarded asasasas 被看作被看作被看作被看作 认为是认为是认为是认为是 5 used5 used5 used5 used totototo dodododo 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 bebebebe usedusedusedused totototo doingdoingdoingdoing 习惯于习惯于习惯于习惯于 Useful Words foreignforeignforeignforeign exchangeexchangeexchangeexchange 外汇外汇外汇外汇 springspringspringspring upupupup 出现 涌现出现 涌现出现 涌现出现 涌现 ComputerComputerComputerComputer storesstoresstoresstores areareareare springingspringingspringingspringing upupupup allallallall overoveroverover thethethethe place place place place WritingWritingWritingWritingWritingWritingWritingWriting 短文写作 短文写作 WritingWritingWritingWriting 提纲 提纲 短文写作 Writing 应具备一般性英语书面表达能力 能够根据所给 的提纲 情景或图表等按要求写出相应的短文 所写短文要求主题明确 条理清楚 语言比较规 范 e g Craze for Civil Service Examinations 1 现在有越来越多的大学毕业生报考公务员 2 引起此现象的原因 3 你的看法 短文写作 要求考生根据题目要求写出一篇 100 120W的英语短文 考试的形式一般为 提纲式 情景式或图表式 满分为15分 考 试时间为30分钟 从以上引述的大纲写作对写作考试的要求可以进一步明确 本 考试的短文写作题材一般都与日常生活和科普或政治经济常 识有关 所给的写作题目具有较好的可写性 考生能够根据 所给的提纲 情景或图表等题材写出适当的议论文 说明文 或图表描述文 写作技能训练 1 1 1 1 写准每个句子 写准每个句子 练习写作时 应尽量避免语法错误 尤其是基本语法错误 如 主谓不一致 时态或语态错误 指代不一致 形容词和副词 的误用 动词的现在式 过去式及过去分词的错误拼写 标 点符号 大小写的误用等 例1 误 It was raining hard they could not work in the fields 分析 逗号不能连接两个句子 正 It was raining hard They could not work in the fields Because it was raining hard 例2 误 He go to work every day 分析 主谓不一致 主语是第三人称单数 谓语动词也应用第 三人称单数 正 He goes to work every day 例3 误 She was knocked down by a bicycle but it was not serious 分析 代词it在句中指代不明 正 She was knocked down by a bicycle but was not serious 例4 误 Looking out of the window a lot of trees can be seen 分析 Looking的逻辑主语是人 而不是trees 正 Looking out of the window we can see a lot of trees 例5 误 A man is judged not ony by his words but also by what he does 分析 not only but also 在句中的结构前后应一致 正 A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds 正 A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does 2 2 2 2 句式在胸 善于应变句式在胸 善于应变 记住下列典型句式 是打好写作基础的根本 Sample Pattern I The cause of reason for higher prices was an increase in demand Sample pattern II One effect consequence result of an increase in demand is higher prices Sample pattern III The demand has increased So Therefore Thus Hence As a result For this reason the prices are higher The higher the demand is the higher the prices are Sample Pattern IV Because As Since Now that the demand has increased the prices are higher Sample Pattern V An increase in demand often causes results in leads to produces higher prices Sample Pattern VI It is generally widely accepted argued held believed that Sample Pattern VII Therefor Thus On this basis it can may be concluded inferred that Sample Pattern VIII In conclusion In short In a word Finally we can may say that it can be said that Sample Pattern IX First of all we have to consider Sample Pattern X It is a fact that There is no doubt that One of the main arguments in favor of X against X is that 3 3 3 3 下笔如有神 一语要惊人下笔如有神 一语要惊人 英语有句谚语Well begun is half done 好的开始是成功的一半 可见 文章的开头非常重要 常见的文章开头有以下几种 A 用于主题句直接点出主题 首先用主题句点出主题 可突出中心思想 能起紧扣题目 引发下文的 作用 该方法多用于说明文或议论文中 如 Recently many cities are faced with the problem of heavy traffic With the development of industry this problem has become more and more serious B 引语法 用名人名言或谚语引出正文 可使文章起到画龙点睛的作用 但是考生应保证所引用的名言或谚语准确无误 否则会适得 其反 比如 为说明知识的重要性 可引用培根的 Knowledge is power C 提问法 以问句开始 作正面或反面的设问或自问自答 以引起阅卷人 的注意 多用于议论文或说明文 如 What is happiness Happiness lies in the service that you give other people Happiness is felt when you enjoy the favor from other people D 背景法 先创造一点气氛或者先描述一下背景 再引出正文 该方法多 用于记叙文或描写文 4 4 4 4 结语要有力 令人有余味结语要有力 令人有余味 文章的结尾也要遵循一定的原则 顺乎段落的发展 对全文进 行总结与概括 或对问题作圆满的解答 或对事物的发展作 出清晰的说明 结尾不能太突然 也不要偏离主题 5 5 5 5 英语几种典型作文的常用句型英语几种典型作文的常用句型 用于驳斥和比较的常用句型 1 In my opinion this point of view doesn t hold water 说得通 2 The chief reason why is that 3 We have no reason to believe that 4 What is more serious is that 用于描述图表和数据的常用句型用于描述图表和数据的常用句型 1 It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998 2 There is an increase of 20 in total this year 3 The table shows a three times increase over that of last year 解释原因 分析影响的常用句型 1 No one can deny that 2 One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is 3 I am of the opinion that 4 This can be expressed as follows 5 To take for an example 用于论证和说明的常用短语 句型 1 It has been illustrated that 2 It provides a good example of 3 A recent investigation indicates that 4 According to the statistics provided 有关文章 段落起始的常用句型 1 With the growing popularity of Internet surfing computers cars mobile phones in China the quality of our lives is improving for the better 2 It goes without saying that It is often said that 3 With the rapid development of science and technology market economy electronic industry information industry an increasing number of people have come to realize that knowledge is power education is of vital importance 有关文章和段落结尾的常用短语 句型 1 Without computer cell telephone cars the Internet it would be difficult to imagine modern life 2 From this point of view we can see On account of this we can find that Therefore these findings reveal the following information 3 It is imperative for us to take effective measures to correct the situation fight corruption terminate excessive exploitation of natural resources ease water shortage 段落的构成 展开与段落之间的联系 好文章是由好段落组成的 好的段落应是段中的句子都围绕一 个主题展开 且句与句之间联系紧密 融为统一的整体 段落大多由三部分组成 主题名 topic sentence 扩展句 developing sentences 和结尾句 ending sentence How Will Our Life Go on without Internet Writing Excercise 审题概述 本文是一篇论述你对网络与人们生活关系的文章 第一段 侧重简述网络给人们生活带来了多彩 便利 第二段 详述 网络与人们生活的紧密度 第三段 论述对网络依赖的观点 How Will Our Life Go on without Internet If asked whether t