研究生基础综合英语课后题翻译1-8单元.doc

1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。直到施蒂夫特太太当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。2) No one seems to stop to think that no matter what environments they come from most kids dont put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢。3) Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。4) Young people generally dont have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it.年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育。5) It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。6) This means no more doing Scotts assignments for him because he might fail. No more passing Jodi because shes such a nice kid.这意味着再也不要因为担心斯科特会不及格而替他做作业，再也不要因为朱迪是个乖孩子就放她过关。1) I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian caf, under dazzling stars, like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment. Instead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror.我一直有这样的梦想：星光灿烂的晚上，在一家巴黎咖啡馆能有人向我求婚。那个咖啡馆就像凡高所画的“夜晚的咖啡馆”，我的画室墙上就挂着一幅此画的翻印本。然而，我男朋友却是在我用“稳得新”擦洗卫生间镜子的时候叫我嫁给他2) But the more time and effort I put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me. The Greek band from Los Angeles that I wanted wasnt available. The stitching I had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong. My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore.但是，我投入的时间和精力越多，万事就越和我过不去。没有请到我想要的洛杉矶希腊乐队。我到教堂时所戴面纱的针线活也很糟，不是我原来所要求的。我订的象牙色的丝绸礼服被隔离在新加坡的某个地方。3) I realized that a Big Day without my mother would be no day at all. Not having my dad, who passed away three years before, to walk me down the aisle was painful, but the thought of not having Mom there was unbearable.我认识到没有妈妈的大喜日子不可思议。老爸已经在三年前过世，不可能牵着我的手到教堂圣坛完婚，这已经让我觉得凄苦。但是一想到妈妈那天也不能在教堂就让我觉得无法忍受。4) Our baby sister, whod been looking after Mom since Dads death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days. After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Moms only option. We took the first opening.小妹自家父去世以来一直照顾着妈妈，这时恐惧占据了她的心，此情此景让她不由得想起家父临终的日子。咨询医生后，我们得知胃部手术是妈妈唯一的选择。医院一有床位我们就住进去了。5) Whats more, caring for my mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us. Ill never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery. She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth. “Liz, make sure you eat something,” she said in a strained, raspy voice.此外，照顾母亲也让我认识到她当年照料我们是多么地尽心。我永远也不会忘记，她刚动完手术几个小时后，我到特护病房去看她。她躺在那里，手臂、鼻孔和嘴巴里插了那么多的塑料导管，她却吃力、沙哑地说道：“莉兹，你一定要吃点东西。6) Ive forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil. But when I remove it from mu face, Ill be staring at the two people l love beyond all reason: my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me whats really important.我已经忘记面纱上的刺绣。但在我掀开面纱的时候，我肯定会脉脉地注视着我所最爱的两个人：我的未婚夫和让我懂得人生要义的那个女人 我的母亲。1) In sequential testimony, each one stated that he did not believe tobacco was a health risk and that his company had taken no steps to manipulate the levels of nicotine in its cigarettes.在随后的证词中，每个人都陈述自己不相信烟草会给健康带来风险，而且自己的公司从未采取措施来操纵香烟中尼古丁的含量。2) Dr. Brandt amply demonstrates that Big Tobacco understood many of the health risks of their products long before the 1964 surgeon generals report.布兰特博士用充足的证据证明，早在1964年卫生局局长的报告发表前，各大烟草巨头就已了解了自家产品对健康造成的诸多风险。 3) Early in the 20th century, opposition to cigarettes took a moral rather than a health-conscious tone, especially for women who wanted to smoke, although even then many doctors were concerned that smoking was a health risk.在20世纪初期，对香烟的抵制带着道德的口吻，而不是出于对健康的关注，对想抽烟的女性更是如此，不过即使在当时，许多医生已经关注到吸烟会给健康造成风险4) And their marketing memorandums document advertising campaigns aimed at youngsters to hook whole new generations of smokers.在他们的营销备忘录中，记录了他们针对青少年发动的广告运动，旨在诱惑一代代的新烟民。5) Instead, these experts focused primarily on a small group of skeptics of the dangers of cigarettes during the 1950s, many of whom had or would eventually have ties to the tobacco industry.相反，这些专家主要关注的是20世纪50年代的一小撮对香烟危害的怀疑论者，他们中的大部分人要么就是当时就与烟草业有勾结，要么最终也会同烟草业勾结起来。6) Last August, she concluded that the tobacco industry had engaged in a 40-years conspiracy to defraud smokers about tobaccos health dangers.去年八月，她总结认为，烟草业策划了一场长达40年的阴谋，向烟民隐瞒烟草对健康的危害。1) E-mail. Cant live with it, cant live without it.电子邮件，我们不能靠它生活，但离了它也不行。2) But it didnt take very long before they discovered that the most important thing was the ability to send mail around, which they had not anticipated at all.然而，不久他们便发现（英特网）最重要的作用是散发邮件，这一点他们原先根本没有料想到。3) Indeed, I finally knew for sure that the digital world was viscerally potent when I found myself in the middle of a bitter fight with my mother - on e-mail.事实上，当我发现自己通过电子邮件与母亲唇枪舌剑的时候，我终于明白数字世界本质上威力何其之大。4) She grasped, long before the Internet became a household word, how online communication offered new possibilities for transcending physical limitations, how as simple a thing as e-mail could bring us closer to those whom we love在英特网家喻户晓之前很久，她便领悟到在线交流如何能提供新的可能，使人们超越身体的局限，电子邮件这样简单的东西如何能把我们与我们所爱的人拉得更近。5) With increasing frequency, this collaboration is occurring across company lines, and often without even the spur of commercial incentives.随着合作日趋频繁， 合作本身已超越公司的界线，而且常常不受商业利诱的驱使。1) It is hard to escape the fact that in developed societies, despite progress, innovation and prosperity, there is something not quite right. 人们很难摆脱这样一种事实：在发达的社会，尽管社会进步，改革日新月异，物质富足，人们却总觉得有些事情不大对劲。2) Politicians, obsessed with inputs and outputs, targets and controls, are flummoxed by immeasurable concepts such as the value people place on spending time with their families.政治家们满脑子的投入与产出、目标与调控，而对于诸如人们有多看重与家人共度时光之类的、无法用数字测量的概念，他们往往感到困惑不已3) Another reason is that electoral cycles lend themselves to a culture of short-termism, with a need for immediate, quantifiable measurements and results.另一与之相关的原因是：一轮轮的竞选让他们置身于急功近利的氛围，期待立竿见影的量化的测量手段与结果。4) Today we need to be just as revolutionary to put us back on track to social prosperity: to respond to that yearning for happiness.今天，我们需要如当初一样彻底改变思想，以便重新回到社会繁荣富强的轨道上。这种思想的转变革新便是：积极地响应对幸福的追求。5) Setting the right framework means creating incentives and removing barriers to remodel the context within which the whole of society makes choices.制定恰当的规章制度，是指创设激励机制并排除障碍来重建整个社会体系，这样，社会的各个层面都能依此做出适当选择。6) Given our advances in terms of political freedom, economic enterprise and cultural ingenuity, life could, and should, be more satisfying.既然我们政治上已经更加自由，经济更加繁荣发展，文化更加百花齐放，那么我们的生活能够并且应当更令人满意。1) In todays global economy firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that make up the manufacturing, commercial and financial processes, bringing about lower costs, better quality and more choices for consumers.在当今的全球经济下，公司和国家不再专营商品生产，而是越来越专注于精细的任务。这些任务贯穿制造、销售和财务各过程，并实现降低成本、提高质量和为消费者提供更多选择的目的。2) Globalization is providing the world with not only greater economic opportunities but also a remarkable resilience to events that in the past would have proven highly disruptive.全球化提供给我们这个世界的不止是更多经济发展的契机，还大大增强了我们的抵抗力，可以轻松应对在过去颇具颠覆力量的事件。3) Just as with any other economic or social phenomenon, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth, or worse, cause its reversal.正如其他任何经济或社会现象一样，全球化也面临着各种风险。这些风险可能阻碍其进一步发展，更有甚者，可能造成大逆转。4) The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization reversal are no mystery; they were learned through hard experience.解决新一轮逆转的策略并没有什么神秘可言，只不过是痛苦的经验教训的总结。5) Another essential component is rules-based international cooperation, particularly when it comes to containing or dissipating geopolitical threats to global stability.另一重要方面是以规则为基础的国际合作，特别是在抑制或消解影响全球稳定的地缘政治威胁方面。1) Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves.她对剽窃指控的处理可能比指控本身更糟糕。2) They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies that nurture them.他们也使大学得以回报社会对它们的滋养。3) Academics have a habit of crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging subjects to tedious debates about methodology.学者们总是手持放大镜沿着研究前沿匍匐前行，而对前方的广阔天地熟视无睹，经常将最有价值的课题演变为方法论的无味争吵。4) The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations.媒体曾将安布罗斯和古德温推向事业顶峰，如今却正让他们名声扫地。5) The fact that Americas bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities amongst the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing.由枪手代劳的自传和极尽谄媚之辞的作品遍地都是，而美国畅销书的排行榜更青睐名家们的专著。这一事实也足以让我们欣慰。6) Stephen Ambrose was arguably Americas favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most read them.史蒂芬安布罗斯是美国非常得宠的历史学家，他创作畅销小说速度飞快，让读者目不暇接。1) No human being could fail to be deeply moved by such a tribute as this. 这样的殊荣, 没有人不为之动容。2) They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn.它们是你力量的源泉，在即将灰心时鼓起勇气，在信心动摇时重建信念，在几乎绝望时创造希望3) They give you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease.它们赋予你们坚韧的意志，想象的品质，旺盛的情感，生命源泉的鲜活力。在气质上果敢压过胆怯，渴望冒险胜过贪图安逸。4) And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms; the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails; the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished.20年后，在地球的另一端，历史又重演炙热阳光下的无情暴晒，肆虐风暴中的倾盆大雨，渺无人烟的丛林中的羊肠小道，与爱人、亲人长期离别的痛楚。5) Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government.让平民百姓去辩论国家在施政过程中的功过是非。6) My days of old have vanished, tone and tint.我昔日的光彩早已消逝。翻译Unit1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。LiMingwasachemistrymajor,acharmernotedforhiseasygoingandhumoroustemperament.However,hisEnglishwassopoorthathealwaysbarelygotby.TheteacheradmonishedhimthathispoorEnglishwouldbeanimpedimenttoscholarship.Whatsmore,sheshowedhertrumpcard:ifLiMingdidnotworkhard.Shewouldflunkhim.HewasalsotoldthatheshouldnotlearnEnglishmerelyforthesakeofhisdiploma.otherwise,evenaftergraduationfromuniversity,hewouldstillbesemiliterate.AlthoughLiMingdidnotlosehiscomposure,hewaswellawarethathehadtosettledowntoworkandfollowthroughbecausehisacademiclifewasatstake.Unit2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。Linda,mygoodfriend,hasreceivedgoodeducationandisbothbeautifulandelegant.Shewasnotproposedtoevenwhenshewaswelloverthirty.Thereasonisthatshe,asacareer-orientedwoman,isdevotedtoherwork.Navigatingbetweenhomeandthecompany,shehad hardlyanytimetosocializewithpeopleoftheoppositesex.Herparentsweregrippedbyanxietyatthethoughtoftheirdaughterstillremainingsingleatsuchanage.Theydidnotknowwhattodoandevenconsultedwithsomesociologists.Butthesituationbegantochangelastmonth,whentheheadquartersofthecompanytransferrd Lindatothetrainingdepartment.Onthenewpost,Lindametamanwhotuggedoherheartstringsforthefirsttime.Eversincethen,theydatedvirtuallyonadailybasis,andLinda realizedthatshewouldlovethemanbeyondallreason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Lindas love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I dont know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的一项成就。尽管一小撮由厂商雇佣的怀疑论者质疑研究的科学性，并嘲笑人们胆子太小，但不少消费者已经开始重视食品添加剂问题，并转而食用天然食物和新鲜食物。部分专家表示，一旦消费者针对食品商的欺诈行为提起诉讼，他们愿意提供证词。Thedisingenuousnessoffoodsuppliershasbecomeaseriousissueintodayssociety.Someofthemdefraudthepublicbydisinformationandextollingfoodadditivesasagreatachievementinfoodindustry.Theyalsoclaimthatadditivesatamoderateleveldonoharmtohealth.Somerighteousscientistshavemadein-depthpathologicalinvestigationsintothecontentandtoxicityoffoodadditives.Theirfindings,which suggestthatsomecommonfoodadditivesmayleadtohealthrisksifusedforalongtimeareregardedasalandmarkeventintheresearchoffoodsecurity.Althoughagaggleofskepticshiredbyfoodmanufacturersquestionwhethersuchresearchesarescientificallybasedandevenderidepeopleastimid,manyconsumersarebeginningtopayattention tofoodadditivesandturningtonaturalandfreshfood.Someexpertspromisetogivetestimonyifanyconsumerchargesfoodsupplierswithracketeering.Unit4电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。相隔千里的人们可以在短短的几秒钟之内发送并接收详尽的文件资料。这就使人们能够以一种前所未有的方式齐心协力，共同承担大量的工程项目。通过电子邮件与国外的人通信、交换文件已成为司空见惯的事情， 唯一的障碍是时区的不同。但是，另一方面，阅读电子邮件也会吞噬我们相当多的工作时间。有时，我们大部分的时间和精力都用于阅读未经索要而寄来的邮件以及删除垃圾邮件。不过，我所收到的许多未经索要的邮件都还值得一读，不分青红皂白地将它们全部删除显得有些鲁莽。毕竟，我收到的许多邮件都来自我的同事和上级。在我看来，电子邮件有助于缓和办公室里的等级观念. 通过电子邮件向老板提些建议比面对面的交谈容易得多。但是不利之处在于，如果电子邮件被曲解，会导致伤害以及对别人的冒犯。电子邮件是福也是祸。用得好，它可以带来许多益处；用得不好，它也会招致许多麻烦。The effect that e-mail has on our professional and personal life is mind-boggling. People thousands of miles away from each other can send and receive detailed documents within mere seconds. This allows us to take on a multitude of projects, to pool our collective efforts in a way that wouldnt have been possible before. It has become routine for us to correspond and exchange files with people overseas. The only obstacle is the difference in time zones. But on the other hand, e-mail can eat up a substantial portion of our workday. Sometimes, most of the time and effort involved is going through unsolicited message and deleting junk. However, many of the unwanted messages I receive are actually worth reading, so it would be reckless to wipe them all out without further investigation. After all, many of the messages I receive come from coworkers and superiors. In my opinion, e-mail may help flatten hierarchies in an office setting. It is far easier to make suggestions to our bosses via e-mail than it is to do so in a face-to-face talk. But the downside of it is that e-mail, if misinterpreted, may result in some hurt feelings, and offenses. E-mail can be a blessing or a curse. Used properly, e-mail can offer great advantages. Used poorly, it can cause enormous troubleUnit 5在现代社会，尽管社会进步，物质丰富，人们总感到有些地方不对劲，但却又难以明确指出到底问题出在哪儿。空虚，没有归属感，缺乏稳定的社会关系似乎都成为人们略感不快的来由。人们对于快乐这个棘手的话题，似乎都有共识：若问及人们生活怎样，他们会谈及他们的家人、工作等而非仅仅是回答他们的薪水多少。对他们而言，生活的质量比薪水的数量更加重要。而政治家们却对此难以理解，为这些难以测量的家庭价值观念而感到困惑。实际上，政府可以发挥积极地作用来响应人们对于快乐幸福的渴望。最终，整个社会的幸福需要我们大家共同参与，确实，参与本身就能带来快乐。Inmodernsocieties,despitethesocialprogressandprosperity.Peoplealwaysfeel thatthereissomethingnotquiteright.However,itishardforthemtoputafingeronit.Afeelingofemptinessandnotbelonging,alackofdefinedsolidrelationshipseemtobethesourcesofunhappiness.Peopleallagreeonthegreatconundrumofpersonalhappiness:whenaskedhowtheyare,theywillanswerintermsoftheirfamilylifeandworkliferatherthanjustwhattheyarepaid.Forthem,thequalityoflifemeansmorethanthequantityofsalary.However,politiciansfindithardtograspthesubject,andareflummoxedbyimmeasurableconceptssuchasthefamilyvalue.Asamatteroffact,thegovernmentcantakeaprovocativeroletorespondtotheyearningforhappiness.Unit 6本文体现了作者对全球化肯定的态度，但也表达了作者对全球化所带来的挑战的焦虑。全球化在国际范围内促进了经济增长，使富有的国家持续发展，在其他地方减少贫困。因为国家经济相互依赖的程度越来越高，在各国寻求进步与安全的过程中，合作就变得至关重要。然而，问题是近来人们似乎已忘记了国际合作的价值。我们从历史的教训中知道，忽略国际法则、协议以及惯例就意味着全球化的大逆转。This essay embodies the authors positive attitude toward globalization, but it also conveys his worries about the challenges brought about by globalization. Globalization enhanced economic growth at an international level, sustaining the expansion in rich countries and reducing poverty in the rest of the world. Since national economies have become increasingly interdependent, cooperation becomes crucial in the pursuit of progress and security. Nevertheless, the problem is that the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten lately. History teaches us that bypassing international laws, agreements and institutions means incurring the reversal of globalization. Unit 7名家总是树敌众多。几乎每周都能看到所谓的专家名流身败名裂，一败涂地。比如非常得宠的历史学家安布罗斯就被曝出其五部作品过度地“借鉴”了他人的专著。美国电视节目的常客古德温曾用钱打发了被剽窃的作者。对名家的其它指控也轰然而至，如满口谎言、道貌岸然、欺世盗名。是个别现象还是整个风气的败坏？至少还有两点说明他们还是不无裨益的