2012年英语中考一轮复习(9B Unit1).doc

九年级下册复习第31课时Unit 1 Life on Mars, 9B一.【精挑细选短语】1. care for照顾take care oflook after 喜欢like，e.g. Well be cared for by robots.2. at the momentat presentright now现在；此刻；目前 first of all首先 (p8)3. be difficult to imagine imagine vt.想像imaginative富有想像力的imagination n.想像力【知识链接】常用：imaginethat/wh-从句，imagine doing sth，imagine sb doing sth e.g. The house was just as she had imagined it. Close your eyes and imagine that you are in a forest. Can you imagine what it must be like to lose your job after 20 years? She imagined walking into the office and handed in her recommendation letter. I can just imagine him saying that!我确实能想到他那么说！4. by the year 2100到2100年为止by到为止，by the end of到末为止5. become more and more crowded and polluted变得越来越拥挤、污染越来越严重【知识链接】“越来越”有两种表达方式：more and more多音节形容词/副词的比较级 比较级and比较级，worse and worse, colder and colder, more and more useful【用法拓展】more and more名词复数或不可数名词，越来越多，more and more pollution6. too slow to carry large numbers of people to Mars太慢了无法运送大批的人去火星【知识链接】tooto太而不能，即too形容词或副词原级to do sth。a large/great number of名词复数large numbers of名词复数，大量的，相似于a lot oflots of，注意：a lot oflots of名词复数或不可数名词【用法拓展】the largest number of最多的，e.g. Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.世界上说汉语的人最多。a number of名词复数，许多the number of名词复数，的数量 a great deal of不可数名词，大量的7. develop plants that can grow on Mars培育可在火星上生长的植物developgrow and improve【知识链接】develop vt.开发；发展development n.发展developed发达的developing发展中的more developed较发达的，less developed欠发达的e.g. The child is developing normally.这孩子发育正常。 China and India are (发展中的) countries while Japan and Korea are (develop) countries. The USA is a more (develop) country.8. float away into space飘移到太空里float v.飘移；漂浮【知识链接】float down the river顺水漂浮 Wood floats on water. Clouds float in the sky.9. wear special boots to make themselves heavier 注意反身代词和形容词的使用。10. a computer connected to an interplanetary network与星际网络相连的电脑 (p9)11. take exams(学生)参加考试give exams(老师给学生的)考试, online schools网上学校;网校12. be in the form of pills以片剂的形式be in the form of以形式【知识链接】The article was written in the form of a diary.这篇文章是以日记的形式写成的。13. make people feel ill让人感到难受feel ill/sick感到难受，fall ill病倒14. a force that keeps us from floating in the air一种防止我们飘浮在空中的力量 (p10)【知识链接】“阻止/防止某人做某事”有以下三种表达：keep sb from doing sth stop sb (from) doing sth prevent sb (from) doing sth 15. take high-quality images拍摄高质量的图像，memory space内存空间，fixto把固定在上fix the space sleeping bag to the wall to prevent floating，walk on the surface of the planet在行星表面上行走，can be stored for many months能储藏数月16. the most important最重要的the least important最不重要的 (p12)【知识链接】the most多音节形容词或副词原级the least多音节形容词或副词原级，more多音节形容词或副词原级less多音节形容词或副词原级17. in the solar system在太阳系里Therere eight planets in the solar system. (p14)18. make this dream come true使该梦想成为现实come true(希望、梦想等)实现，成为现实【知识链接】After years of hard work, at last he won Nobel Physics Prize. His dream came true.19. move away from Earth离开地球，far away from Earth远离地球be far (away) from远离某地，advantages/disadvantages of living on Mars生活在火星上的优点/缺点20. begin/start with以开始end with以结束 (p17)【知识链接】The party began with the wonderful dance and ended with the beautiful music.【用法拓展】A journey always starts with the first step.千里之行，始于足下。Knowledge starts with practice.知识来自于实践。21. do harm to sbdo sb harm伤害某人be harmful to sb对有害【知识链接】This years snowstorm did serious harm to China. Smoking is harmful to your health22. have robots do all the homework for us have sb do sth让某人做某事 (p17)23. appear red看上去红色appear形容词seem形容词，显得；看来；似乎【用法拓展】appear (not) to do sthseem (not) to do sth，好像；似乎e.g. They appeared not to know what was happening. She appeared to be in her late thirties. It appears that好像；似乎，e.g. It appears that there has been a mistake.24. air pollution caused by traffic交通引起的空气污染，keep them away with laser light用激光灯把它们赶走keepaway把赶走，keep away from让远离 (p19)25. a guide to living on Mars火星生活指南，the public transport system公共交通系统 (p20)26. take off (飞机等)起飞 脱下(衣服等) (p21)【知识链接】The plane took off three hours late because of the bad weather. Its too hot. Youd better take off your overcoat.二【百里挑一词汇】1. space太空，不与冠词连用，in space在太空中, into space进入太空float away into space飘到太空里, China Space中国航天空间，地方room，e.g. Its so crowded that there is not enough space in the bus.空格 universe宇宙，须与定冠词the连用，常用作the universe。2. spacecraft n.宇宙飞船复数：spacecraft，单复数同形。space shuttle航天飞机space shuttles.3. taste n.味道vi.尝起来tasty可口的；美味的，e.g. The food tastes delicious. It is tasty.4. normal adj.正常的；正规的；标准的normally正常地，e.g. the normal temperature of the human body人体的正常体温normal school正规学校act normally表现正常5. air tank氧气瓶，digital camera数码相机，dried food压缩食品，space helmet太空头盔，notebook computer笔记本电脑，power pack能源包，space sleeping bag太空睡袋三.【五星必背句型】1. Can I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗？Can I?向别人提出请求 (p6)2. How do you like?What do you think of?你认为怎么样？用来发表对某事的看法？【知识链接】How do you like the book about life on Mars? (同义句转换，每空一词) do you the book about life on Mars?3. I thought you liked Mars.我原以为你喜欢火星。I thought我原以为。I think我认为【用法拓展】类似的用法的动词有：believe, suppose, imagine，后面的从句如果有否定意义，通常把否定词由从句前移至主句，常用I dont/didnt think。4. Daniel is thinking about what life will be like in the future. (p6)【知识链接】think about考略；思考，think of想到；想起，thinkover仔细考略 该句的结构为“主句宾语从句”，即“主语动词连接词陈述句语序”。既是主句的宾语，又是宾语从句的连接词，必须是连接词what/who/which。Can you imagine what our city used to be years ago? Im sorry, I didnt catch what you said just now. Can you say it again? in the future未来，in future=from now on从今以后5. Hopefully, we can start again and build a better world on Mars. (p8)我们有望能够在火星上重新开始，建设一个更好的世界。(hopeful hopeless hopefully)【知识链接】hopefully表示“可以指望”，置于句首，类似的副词有luckily, unluckily, sadly等。 Hopefully, they can finish the project before this weekend.他们有望在本周末前完成此项目。6. However, by the year 2100, the journey might take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. mightcould可能；或许，把握不大时用语。【知识链接】at half the speed of light以二分之一光速，at a speed of以的速度，e.g. Sound travels at a speed of 340 metres per second.声音的传播速度是340米/秒。7. However, nobody is sure if these plants can produce enough water.【知识链接】sure当然可以，单独使用作为对某一建议或询问的答语，表示非常确切的肯定回答。e.g. Will you help me with my English? Sure.Sb be sure to do sth.表示说话人对某事的一种判断。e.g. He is sure to come.祈使句中Be sure to do sth.表示说话人的一种要求。e.g. Be sure to call me when you get there.be sure of/about确信；有把握，e.g. Dont be nervous. Im sure of your success.Im surethat从句，即Im sure that sb will do sth.Sb is sure to do sth. 表示对某事的一种判断。e.g. Im sure that you will bet what you want.You are sure to get what you want.be not sureif/wh-从句，表示主语对某事的把握程度，Were still not sure whether they will come or not.8. Humans need food, water and air to survive.人活着就需要食物、水和空气。【知识链接】human adj.人的，e.g. human body/brain人体/人脑，human activity/behaviour/experience人的活动/行为/经历，human geography人文地理，Firemen formed a human chain to carry the children to safety.消防队员组成人链把孩子们救到了安全的地方。n. human(s)human being(s)人，e.g. Dogs can hear much better than humans.9. Gravity may be a problem for the early settlers on Mars. The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of that on Earth. settle v.定居settlers移民对早期的火星移民来说，重力可能是个问题。火星上的重力大约只有地球上重力的3/8。【知识链接】three-eighths八分之三，英语中分数的表达法为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数。四分之几的表达为：one-fourth/one quarter1/4，two-fourths/two quarters2/4，three-fourths/three quarters。二分之一的表达为one half. 分数作主语时，谓语动词不是根据分数词的数来确定，而是以of后面的名词的数而定。e.g. Nearly three-fourths of the world is covered with water. that代指前面的名词单数或不可数名词，e.g. Life on Mars may not be better than that on Earth. those代指前面的名词复数，e.g. In China the changes in 21st century are much greater than those in 20th century. settler移民；定居者；开拓者，settle down定居10. These boots will probably become very fashionable, and there will be various designs for settlers to choose from.这些靴子可能会很流行，而且会有各种款式供移民挑选。【知识链接】fashion n.时尚fashionable adj.时髦的；流行的，become fashionableto choose from是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰前面的designs。various各种各样的11. Compared with life on Earth, life on Mars will be better in many ways. (p9)【知识链接】Compared with life on Earth是过去分词短语作状语。compare比较，常用短语compare A with B，比较A和B，e.g. We carefully compared the result of the first experiment with that of the second one.我们仔细地将第一次实验的结果与第二次的做了比较。11. Many people believe that robots will do most of our work and that we will have more time for our hobbies.许多人相信机器人将做我们的大部分工作，我们就有更多的时间做自己喜欢的事。12. The space shuttles travel fast, but the journey to Mars may be very uncomfortable.【知识链接】journey意为从一地到另一地的旅行。e.g. go on a 6,000-mile journey作行程6000英里的旅行 How long is your journey to work?你上班的路有多远？【用法拓展】trip意为往返某地，尤指短途旅行。e.g. go on a trip to Disneyland去迪士尼乐园游玩 travel意为旅行、游历。e.g. space travel太空旅行 She likes travel.她喜欢旅行。tour意为观光旅游。e.g. a sightseeing tour观光旅行13. The population on Earth is still increasing quickly. Move to Mars. (p10)【知识链接】increase quickly增长迅速 population n.人口，通常无复数形式，“人口”的“多”用big/large，“少”用small。常用短语、句型为the population of 的人口 Whats the population of?某地的人口是多少? The population of A is bigger/larger/smaller than that of B. A地的人口比B地多/少。 e.g.What was the population of China ten years ago? The population of China is larger than that of any other country.中国的人口比其他任何一个国家多。14. I am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars. (p15)15. It take Mars about two Earth years to complete a circle around the sun. One year on Mars is 687 Earth days.火星绕太阳运行一圈相当于地球两年的时间。火星上的一年相当于地球上687天。16. Things from Earth are hard to find.Its hard to find things from Earth. (p19)【知识链接】Sth be形容词to do.It be形容词to do sth.两句都用主动语态。 e.g. English is easy to learn.It is easy to learn English.17. A very popular form of entertainment is online games.网上游戏是一种非常流行的娱乐形式。18. They make us feel like we are really inside the games.它们使我们感觉真的置身于游戏中。【知识链接】feel likefeel as iffeel as though(主语是事物)给感觉；感受到，e.g. It felt like/It felt as though/It felt as he had run a marathon.他感到好像跑了一个马拉松似的。feel like sthwant sthwould like sth想要某物，feel like doing sthwant to do sthwould like to sth想做某事，e.g. Well go for a walk if you feel like it. We all feel like celebrating.四.【中考无敌语法】can, could, may, might表示请求许可、宾语从句can, could, may, might表示请求许可，意为“可以”。疑问句常用肯定回答常用否定回答Can I?非正式用法Yes, you can. Yes, please.No, you cant. Im afraid not.Youd better not.Could I?正式用法Yes, you can. Yes, please.No, you cant. Im afraid not.Youd better not.May I?正式用法且有礼貌Yes, you may/can. Yes, please.No, you may not. No, you cant /mustnt.Im afraid not. Youd better not.Might I?非常正规，很少使用。Yes, you may. Yes, please.No, you may not. No, you cant /mustnt.Im afraid not. Youd better not.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。整个复合结构以主句开始，主句有主语和及物动词，需要宾语来完成句子的意思；宾语从句本身有主语、谓语动词和其他成份。含宾语从句的复合句的基本结构为：主句宾语从句，即“主语及物动词连接词陈述句语序”。宾语从句的连接词：that, if/whether, wh-疑问词that引导的宾语从句在以that引导的宾语从句中，that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成份，无实意，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。以下动词之后可接that引导的宾语从句：say, think, believe, hope, learn, know, hear, mean, remember, be sure/be certain, never doubt, confirm, agree, prove。I hope (that) itll be a fine day tomorrow. We all know (that) Earth is more and more crowded.if/whether引导的宾语从句if/whether都可用来引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，一般情况