京剧的英文介绍.ppt

Thegem BeijingOpera国粹 京剧 Chinesetraditionaloperaisconsideredoneoftheworld sthreeancientoperas togetherwithGreektragedyandcomedy andIndianSanskritopera Amongthemorethan360ancientlocaloperasinChina PekingOperaisknownasChina snationalopera despiteitscomparativelyyoung200 yearhistory Origin 京剧非 京 OperaAlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera theoriginsofPekingOperaarenotinBeijingbutintheprovincesofAnhui EastChina andHubei South centralChina Itsriseisdueingreatparttothefavorableeyesandpatronageoftheimperialroyalties 京味道PekingisapurelyChineseoperaformdatingbacktotheyear1790 whenthefamousFourAnhuiOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijingincelebrationofthe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlong 1711 1799 oftheQingDynasty 1644 1911 Thetourwasahitandthetroupesstayed In1828 somefamousHubeiOperaTroupeplayerscametoBeijing TheartistsofHubeiandAnhuitroupesoftenjointlyperformedonthestageandabsorbedrepertoires music ariasandperformingtechniquesofeachotherandfromotheroperaslikeKunQu QinQiangandBangZi aswellasthelocaldialectandcustomsofBeijing Itsrepertoiresmainlydepictfairytalesofprecedingdynastiesandimportanthistoricalevents 湖北 安徽剧团的艺术家经常在舞台上共同表演和吸收的剧目 在音乐 曲调和表演技巧方面与其它剧种相互吸收 如昆曲 秦腔和梆子 以及当地的方言和北京海关的表演技巧 其剧目主要描绘古老神话故事和重要的历史事件 Itwasafter1840thatPekingOperaformallytookshape growingevenfasterduringthereignoftheEmpressDowagerCixi 1835 1908 whowasanoperaaficionado ClassicPekingOperarepertoiresandthenamesofthefirst generationmasterswereonthelipsofthepeopleinBeijing andeventuallyprevalentaroundthecountry 京剧是1840年以后正式形成了 慈禧太后 1835至1908年 是一个歌剧爱好者 在位期间京剧发展得更快 经典京剧剧目和第一代大师的名字 经过人民的传诵 并最终在全国各地普遍存在 生Sheng mainmalerole fourroles 老生 小生 武生 旦Dan youngandbeautifulfemale fourroles 正旦 青衣 泛指旦中正角 不表现确定的性格特征 旦Dan youngandbeautifulfemale fourroles 花旦 花旦扮演性格活泼明快或泼辣放荡的青年或中年女性 并常带喜剧色彩 旦Dan youngandbeautifulfemale fourroles 武旦 扮演擅长武艺的女性形象 旦Dan youngandbeautifulfemale fourroles 老旦 扮演老年妇女 旦Dan youngandbeautifulfemale fourroles 彩旦 一作丑旦 丑婆子 秦腔里也称之为媒旦 扮演女性中的喜剧或闹剧人物 实为女丑 故常由丑行兼扮 净 Jing paintedfacedmale fourroles 净 主要扮演性格 品质或相貌不同于一般 有突出特征的男性人物 丑 Chou clown maleorfemale fourroles Suchreformshavetakentheformofcreatingaschoolofperformancetheorytoincreaseperformancequality utilizing 利用 modernelementstoattractnewaudiences andperformingnewplaysoutsideofthetraditionalcanon 打破陈规 Thedevelopment Inadditiontomoreformalreformmeasures Beijingoperatroupesalsoadoptedmoreunofficialchanges Someofthoseseenintraditionalworkshavebeencalled techniquefortechnique ssake ThishasincludedtheuseofextendedhighpitchsequencesbyfemaleDan 旦 andtheadditionoflengthiermovementsectionsandpercussionsequencestotraditionalworks 开拓市场Tosurviveinanincreasinglyopenmarket troupesliketheShanghaiJingjuCompanyneededtobringtraditional