高考英语阅读理解解题技巧.doc

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，是考试的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。 因此，阅读理解的功夫应下在平时。多分析题型，多了解考点，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。 考题要求考生能读懂书报杂志中关于一般性的简短文段以及公告说明广告等,并能从中获取相关的信息。 1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中的具体位置 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图观点和态度阅读理解有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种: 1.主旨大意2.事实细节型3.词 义 猜 测 型4.推 理 判 断 型.主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.3.summarize the main idea of this text?4)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?5)Which is the subject discussed in the text? 6)Whats the best title for this passage?Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the chea【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意per foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers. 事实细节型解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 事实细节型Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.判断词义做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的). 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项四、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。a. 定义法It will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。b. 同位法They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。c. 对比法She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。e. 因果法The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.推理判断型推理判断题：高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断题（做题要领文章既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?4. What is the tone (语气) of the author ?5. What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear? Passage4 The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercisehealth解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ).Q: It can be