动词-ing形式用法归纳.doc

Grammar: 动词ing形式用法归纳I 例如：Seeing is believing.I suggested asking his brother for some money.Its useless taking this kind of medicine.My job is teaching. China is a developing country.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I heard someone knocking at the door. 动词的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主语宾语和表语定语和宾语补足语 动词的-ing形式还可以在句子中做状语While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.Laughing and talking, they went into the room.Being sick, I stayed at home.Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. 注: 分词与主句主语是主谓关系; 副词放在分词之前But later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks. Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the Post Office right before you. Being poor, the old man was happy.1) 时间状语2). 结果状语3). 伴随状语或方式状语4). 原因状语5）作让步状语 6) 作条件状语The plane leaves at six, arriving in Chicago at ten. (= and will arrive in Chicago.)7) 作补充说明注意：1 with 的复合结构The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter_ (lead) the way.With his hand _ (tie) up, he sat there.With his eyes_ (fix) on the wall, Tom lay on the floor. With a lot of homework_ (do), Jim cant go out with his friends. 2. 独立主格结构If weather permits, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.=Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat.=There being nobody in the room, come inEg. The baby fell from the tree, blood _ (come) down from his leg.3. 为了强调与谓语动词同时发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用when或while；为强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用before或after. Eg. Dont laugh, while eating. Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University. After watching TV, he went to bed.4. 在动词的-ing 之前可用on或upon, 表示”一.就”.Eg. On/Upon arriving in Bejing, he went to see his uncle.5. 为了强调结果, 可在动词的-ing 之前用thus. Eg. My friend Lucy works hard, thus getting praised by her boss.6. 在动词的-ing 之前可用though或although,Eg. Though working hard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debts.II.-ing各种变化形式(doing/being done/having done/ having been done)1) 动词ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment. Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave. Hearing the news, she burst into tears.2) 动词ing形式的完成式having done表示动作先于谓语动词动作发生。Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 3）动词ing形式的被动式being done表示这个被动动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生Being repaired, the car cant be used. 4动词ing形式的完成式的被动having been done表示这个被动动作发生于谓语之前Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. = Shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. 可以被过去分词代替This is one of the experiments _(carry) on in our lab.The bridge being built now will be completed in the three months. 但是，having been done在句中只作状语， 不作定语 The bridge _ (build) well is very beautiful.III. 巩固练习1. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave解析: C. 句意为：当被警察询问时，他说他记得宴会时的情景，却想不起离开时的情景。remember后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“对过去做过的事情还记得”；后接不定式作宾语，表示“记着去做某事”，动作尚未发生。2. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on解析: C. 句意为： 有那么大的吵闹声，我做不了作业。with all that noise going on 是一个独立主格形式，go on 与 noise 是主动关系，在句中作原因状语。3. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching解析: B. 句意为：石油价格自从去年初已增长32%， 在4月4日已创下每桶57.65美元的记录。此处用现在分词表示石油价格增长的结果。having reached 是现在分词的完成式，表示发生在石油价格增长之前，显然不对；to reach 在句中要么作目的状语，要么与only连用作结果状语，表示出人意料的结果。4. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noticing B. noticed C. to notice D. having noticed解析: A. 句意为： 他大量了一下她，注意到虽然她长得小，但似乎体型非常好。注意空格处不是谓语，所以不要选B项，因为并列谓语要用glanced over at her and noticed。此处应该是结果状语，C 项表示目的；D项是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以也不正确。5. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed解析: C. 句意为：我今天给你送来100美元，其余的明年给你。the rest不是一个分词，而是独立主格形式作说明性状语。其形式是：名词+不定式。不定式在此处表示 将来的时间概念。6. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析: C. 句意为：在看电视时，我们听到门铃响了。 While watching是时间状语，分词作状语，其逻辑主语一定是句子的主语，即we。7. You cant catch me! Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran解析: B. 句意为：你逮不着我！ Janet大喊着，跑远了。应该用现在分词running作伴随状语，与主语Janet是主谓关系。8. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused解析: D. 句意为：暴风雨走了，给这一带地区造成了巨大损失。此句应该用现在分词短语的完成形式表示结果。选项B和C是不定式，往往作目的状语。9. He got well- prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost解析: B. 句意为： 他为这个就业面试做了充分的准备，以为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。risk后面接动名词作宾语，意为“冒险做某事”。10. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have解析: B. 句意为：另人难以置信的是，球迷们在体育馆外面等了三小时仅仅是为了看一看这些体育明星。just to have a look at是不定式作目的状语。11. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746- 3789.A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out解析: A. 句意为：要了解更多的大学课程，拨打 (920) 746- 3789。To find out more是目的状语。12. _ in 1963, and _ in Philadelphia, Charles Pettigrew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.A. Being born; having raised B. Born; raisedC. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising解析: B. born 和raise（养育）都与Charles Pettigrew是被动关系，所以都要用过去分词形式作时间状语。句意为：Charles Pettigrew于1963年出生，在费城长大，给老师留下了那样的印象以致于他们把他送到Barklee学校学习爵士乐。13. Have you seen Mr Ye today?- No, he is said _ Wuhan on business.A. to go to B. to have been to C. to have gone to D. to has gone to解析: C. 此句的意思是“据说他去武汉做生意了”。have been to 表示“去过某处”；have gone to 表示“去了某处”。14. I feel it great honor _ to give a speech to you.A. invited B. to invite C. having invited D. to have been invited解析: D. 句意为：我觉得受到邀请给你们讲话是意见荣幸的事。to have been invited是真正的宾语，此处要用被动形式。15. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. written B. writing C. write D. to write解析: C. 句意为：老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了？此句考查的句式是：have sb. do sth.16. Manager, do you have something _ at this morning?- No, thanks. Ill call you if any.A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed解析: A. 此题考查动词不定式作定语。根据答语可知，该不定式动作不是由主语you发出的动作，所以要用不定式的被动形式作定语。17. A television programme _ Kimll fix it invites viewers to say what they really want to do.A. being called B. having called C. calling D. called解析: D. 此题考查分词作定语。根据句子结构分析，空格处应是定语，修饰前面的programme，表达被动关系。A项虽是被动关系，但它表示进行，B项和C项表主动。句意为：一个叫做Kimll fix it的电视节目邀请观众说出他们真正想做的事情。18. A few days after the interview, I received a letter _ me the job.A. offered B. offers C. offering D. to be offered解析: C. offering是现在分词形式作定语修饰前面的letter，与letter是主动关系，由于信的内容是“提供工作”，所以offering也表示“进行”。句意为：面试几天后，我收到了一封向我提供一份工作的信。19. Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty _ in art and architecture.A. expressed B. to express C. express D. expressing解析: A. express用过去分词形式作宾补，表示与beauty是被动关系，这是一个have sth. done句式，意为“使某事被做”。句意为： 每一种过去的伟大的文化都会使它的美的观念在艺术和建筑中得到表达。20. _ more attention, t