动词时态典型题分析.doc

Karen 题库动词时态典型题分析 1. “I _ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _ to bring my phone book.” A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget 【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。 【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C. 请再看一例： Oh, I _ where he lives. Dont you carry your address book？ No, I _ to bring it. A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget 答案选C，理由同上。2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ too busy.A. was B. had been C. would be D. would have been 【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。 【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）： （1）We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _ it was gone. A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found （2）We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _. A. didnt B. hadnt C. neednt D. would not have （3）We had wanted to come to see him, but we _ no time. A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had （4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone _ and I couldnt get away. A. called B. had called C. would call D. would have called （5）The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday, but the driver _ really careless. A. was B. is C. were D. had been 3. Dear me！Just _ at the time！ I _ no idea it was so late.A. look, have B. looking, had C. look, had D. looking, have 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。 【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。4. “Your phone number again？ I _ quite catch it.” “Its 4331577”A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。 【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题： （1） “Mr Smith isnt coming tonight.” “ But he _.” A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 答案选B，“他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。 （2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.” A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice 答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。 （3） “Oh its you！ I _ you.” “Ive had my hair cut.” A. didnt realize B. havent realized C. didnt recognize D. dont recognized 答案选C.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。 （4） “Whats her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _.” A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting 此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。 （5） “Since youve agreed to go, why arent you getting ready？” “But I _ that you would have me start at once.” A. dont realizeB. didnt realize C. hadnt realized D. havent realized 答案选B.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。5. Mr. Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing 【陷阱】容易误选B或C. 【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I dont know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。 6. He has changed a lot. He _ not what he _.A. is, is B. was, was C. is, was D. was, is 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例： “What place is it？” “Havent you found out we _ back where we _？” A. were, had been B. have been, are C. are, were D. are, had been答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。7. He is very busy. I dont know if he _ or not tomorrow.A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming 【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。 【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if如果），而是宾语从句（即if是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题： （1） I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know. A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes 答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。 （2） “When _ he come？” “I dont know, but when he _, Ill tell you.” A. does, comes B. will, will come C. does, will come D. will, comes 答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。 （3） “When he _ is not known yet.” “But when he _, he will be warmly welcomed.” A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes 答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。8. The bridge, which _ 1688, needs repairing. A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from 【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D. 【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如： The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。 The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。 但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。 注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。9. “Youve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off.”A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going 【陷阱】容易误选D. 【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较： “Ive come out without any money.” “我出来没带钱。”“Never mind, I will lend you some.” “没关系，我借给你。”句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应Ive bought a typewriter and Im going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机 10. Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forget. I _her now. (NMET2005)A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call答案B. 从题干得知我并未告知Julia结果，受对方启示，说话者现在临时想到要告知对方。11. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she_. A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing答案C。从时态呼应上考虑，A和D均错；Susan不想让其父母知道她眼下正在干什么，便背着父母偷偷干。12. Although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. A.are being uncovered B. have been uncovering C.are uncovering D.have uncovered答案A。此题考查状语从句中时态。主语causes of cancer和谓语动词uncover存在动宾关系，故选用被动语态，排除选项B、C、D；致癌原因正被揭开，故选进行时的被动语态。现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行，较一般现在时相比具有暂时性。13. At this time tomorrow _over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly答案B。明天此时我们正飞越大西洋。描述将来某个时刻正在发生的动作。将来某个时刻正在发生的动作用将来进行时，注意时间暗示。14. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _on it for more than an hour. A.has been working B.will have worked C.will have been working D.had worked答案A。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时，故排除选项B和C；据时态呼应规律排除选项D；学生一直在做数学练习，直到规定时间完毕才公布答案。某个动作或过程过去已经开始，一直持续到说话时刻，有可能继续延续。因此，现在完成进行时仍带有进行时的持续性；某个动作或过程过去的过去已经开始，一直持续到过去某个时刻，有可能继续延续，用过去完成进行时。15. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working答案A。描述过去曾发生的事实，and then went也加以提示。一般过去时表在过去某时间中一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态或过去经常性习惯性动作，但现已不复存在，侧重描述过去事实，与现在没有联系。16. Customers are asked to make sure that they _the right change before leaving the shop.A. will give B. have been given C. have given D. will be given答案B。考查宾语从句中时态兼语态。“找零”动作发生在“离开”之前，故用完成时。 现在完成时表示某个动作或过程在过去某个时间已经开始，现在已经完成或可能继续延续下去。17. Father _for London on business upon my arrival, s o I didnt see him. A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left答案D。父亲去伦敦出差这一动作在我去看他之前已经发生，故我没见着他。某个动作或过程在过去的过去已经完成，与现在没有联系。18. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left答案C。等Jane回到家，她姑妈已离开去伦敦开会了。描述将来某一时刻前已完成的动作。将来某一时刻前已完成的动作或过程用将来完成时。19. The father as well as his three children _skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going答案C。描述现在习惯性动作使用一般现在时；此题还涉及主谓一致。一般现在时表不受时限的客观存在、现在习惯性动作及现在状态或瞬间动作。进行时、完成时和一般过去时是高考热点。考题综合时态、语态、主谓一致以及祈使句、倒装等句式结构对考生进行综合考查。解题时，考生务必注意动作发生顺序；看动作进展程度，是正在进行、刚刚过去、已经完成还是将来进行；善于利用题干暗示，包括情景暗示，时间暗示和连词暗示；熟知常见时态的特殊用法，注意运用时态呼应规律等。认真分析主语是施动还是受动，恰当选用语态。特定句式中时态的用法一、祈使句1. Turn on the television or a magazine and you _advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen答案A。此题考查时态。祈使句陈述部分的谓语动词用将来时。祈使句的构成：动词原形或名词词组+andorbut+谓语用将来时或情态动词的陈述句；其否定构成直接在整个句子前加DontNever即可。二、并列句2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents_ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decided答案B。前后分句虽由but连接，但前一分句动作迟于后一分句动作的发生。若并列连词连接两个动作同时发生无先后顺序，前后时态保持一致；否则考虑使用完成时或其他时态。三、时间条件状语从句3. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write答案D。when引导时间状语从句，谓语用一般现在时代替将来时。在if in case等引导条件句和when引导的时间状语从句中谓语用一般现在时代替将来时；但在宾语从句中不可。四、since分句4. he country life he was used to_greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed答案B。自从1992年以来，动作或状态延续到说话时间，故主句使用现在完成时。 在since分句中，谓语用非延续动词的一般过去时，与之相对应的主句常用现在完成时；例：It has been almost five years since we saw each other last time.若since分句的动作或状态延续到说话时间，则从句使用现在完成时。五、含系动词的一般分句5. The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels答案C。系动词的时态多为一般现在时或一般过去时。从jumped可以判断此题选用一般过去时以保持时态呼应。系动词无被动语态，不使用进行时，常见时态为一般现在时和一般过去时，间或使用将来时。例：The meat will stay fresh for several days. 本资料由七彩教育网 提供！常见时态的特殊用法一、一般现在时表将来What are you going to do this afternoon? -Im going to the cinema with some friends. The film_quite early, so we _to the bookstore after that.A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go答案C。按时间表、既定安排将要发生的动作用一般现在时表将来；事先计划将要干某个动作，用be going to do。一般现在时用于主句中可表示按计划或既定日程将要发生的某个动作，谓语动词常为位置移动动词。这种计划比较客观，不易更改，且较现在进行时表将来正式。二、一般过去时表现在How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had答案B。此题考查虚拟语气的用法。与现在相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。 一般过去时表现在用于表示与现在相反的假设，尤用于Its time 、I wish 和Id rather从句中或表示婉转语气，常用动词为want wonder hope think等。三、将来时表计划或安排1. -_leave at the end of this month.- I dont think you should do that until _another job. A. Im going to; youd found B. Im going to; youve found C. Ill; youll find D. Ill; youd find答案B。我打算月末离开，be going to用以表示安排。工作确定以后再离开，故两个动作存在明显先后顺序，使用完成时。除一般现在时和现在进行时可用于表示按计划、安排就要发生的动作外，be going to以及be to亦有此种用法。在正式语体中常用be to，常见于be about to dowhen结构之中，亦可用于状语从句中表将来；也可表注定、应该，还可表命令、禁止和宣布决定等。而be going to还可表某种迹象暗示就要发生的动作。2. In a room above the store, where a party_, some workers were busily seating the table.A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held答案A。此处be to do表计划、安排；主语为受动对象，故选用被动语态。四、过去进行时1.表顺承 Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I ?-You _you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying答案C。过去进行时用作顺承，以引起话题。 过去进行时用来打开话头，顺接话题，可译作“来着”。2.表原因 Whats wrong with your coat?-Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _on it.A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting答案D。说话者描述在下车时所受遭遇，同时向对方解释原因。在口语中，用来申述原因或用作借口，常用过去进行时。3.表委婉语气 Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?-Of course. What is it?- I _if you could tell me how to fill out this